A journey of thousands of miles on the snow-covered plateau.
Bowang is still there today,
A thousand years of success will benefit the people.
In order to encourage Lu Daqi on his mission, Zhu Hengjia wrote this poem to him.
Sixty-two-year-old Lu Daqi was moved to tears and vowed to open up Qinghai-Tibet for the Ming Dynasty. Fortunately, he was originally from Sichuan and had no altitude sickness, so he walked quickly along the way.
The old gentleman was enjoying the scenery while walking, but the entourage was very busy.
Zhu Hengjia included many special people among the entourage assigned to him. For example, the draftsmen of the Qingli Department of the Ministry of War, who drew military maps while walking; the fans of Jinyiwei, who collected various information about the snow-covered plateau.
Intelligence.
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First come to Jiarong Babu.
The first stop is Dajianlu (Kangding).
Dajianlu is nominally the territory of Danhan Zakba, the Mingzheng Xuanwei envoy (also the Changhe Xiyutong Ningyuan Xuanwei envoy), but in fact it is controlled by Jiancan Nanha, the Hu Xuanwei envoy of Dongbuhan (Muping chieftain).<
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Among the eight tribes of Jiarong, Mingzheng Chieftain of the Muya tribe and Muping Chieftain of the Xiaojin tribe were the first to submit to the Ming Dynasty. The Mingzheng Xuanwei Envoy and the Changhe Xiyutong Ningyuan Xuanwei Envoy were the ancestors of Danhan Zakba given by the Ming Dynasty.
The title; Dong Bu Han and Hu Xuan Weisheng were the titles given by the Ming Dynasty to the ancestors of Jianshen Nanha. It has been passed down from generation to generation for more than 200 years!
The territories of these two chieftains are close to the Han area and they often trade with the Han people. Danhan Zakba and Gianshen Nanha are both pro-Ming sects in the Jiarong Eight Tribes.
When they heard that the imperial envoy was coming, the two chieftains hurriedly held a banquet in honor of him.
"The angel has arrived, and the walls of the arrow-shooting stove are shining brightly!"
"Two envoys, Dajianlu is a blessed place in the world. I am so lucky to be able to come here!"
After chatting for a while, good wine and food were served. What was rare was that there were many fruits and vegetables. On the plateau, cattle and sheep are easy to come by, but fruits and vegetables are not easy to find.
"Angel, please!"
"Xuan comfort envoy, please!"
While everyone was having a good time eating and drinking, suddenly a young man and woman wearing Tibetan robes came up and sang duet in Jiarong Tibetan in the center of the banquet hall.
Lu Daqi asked the interpreter beside him: "What are they singing?"
"Bachelor, they are singing a love song. They seem to be singing, like a horse racing on the mountain, a slipping cloud or something like that."
Lu Daqi secretly laughed, these barbarians don't understand etiquette. Marriage should be the order of parents and the words of matchmakers. How can we sing love songs to each other to express our love? Ridiculous! Ridiculous!
Even though he thought it was ridiculous, Lu Tianshi still kept his ears open and listened to every word without missing a word, and drank a few more glasses of wine.
I went to Muyabu and Muping, and then to Xiaojinbu, Wabu, Wasibu, Laisubu, and Dajinbu.
Finally, we came to the Zagu and Situ tribes controlled by Sang Jiepeng.
These two areas are much more dangerous than the other six areas. The mountains are high and the environment is difficult.
Entering the mountain stronghold of Zagu Chieftain Sang Jiepeng, I saw rows of extremely elite soldiers, silent and orderly, and a murderous aura came towards me.
Lu Daqi secretly praised: There are warriors from deep in the mountains! In terms of the number of people, Dan Ho Zha Bak and Jianshen Nan Ha are about the same as Sang Jie Peng. But the strength of the soldiers and horses is far different. No wonder the two
People should regard this Sang as their leader.
"Why did your envoy come to our village?"
"The envoy of Xuanfu went to Shujianguo and asked him to resume the tea and horse affairs. The supervisory country agreed. He specially asked me to come and discuss the matter with the envoy of Xuanfu."
As soon as he heard that the tea and horse market was about to resume, Sang Jiepeng's attitude immediately became very friendly. He opened his mouth to talk about the court and kept silent about the angels.
The negotiations went smoothly. The Eight Tribes of Jiarong presented thousands of horses as compensation for the Ming Dynasty's plunder; the two sides exchanged plundered populations; the Ming Dynasty's Linguan in Yazhou, Sichuan, the fortresses of Tianquan Sixth Division, and Ningfan Guards,
The Waru Division in Yongning, Yunnan, and the Fifth Admiralty Division in Lijiang established tea and horse divisions to provide trade for other tribes of Jiarong Babu and Duogan Dusi.
After talking about business, Sang Jiepeng, who was generous by nature, insisted on staying with Lu Daqi to eat.
Different from the exquisite dishes served by other tribes, the dishes of the Zagu tribe are a bit rough. The large pieces of beef and mutton are only half-cooked, and they are still bloody, so they cannot be chewed, so they have to be cut with a knife. No cups are needed for drinking.
Use a bowl.
Lu Daqi had a hard time swallowing, but Sang Jiepeng was in a hurry and ate with gusto.
"Why don't angels eat? Doesn't my Zagube's food taste good?"
Lu Daqi had no choice but to cut off a small piece of red beef with a knife and put it in his mouth. While secretly cursing these barbarians for being uncivilized and drinking blood like hair, he explained that he was old and weak and too tired from climbing the mountain, so he really couldn't eat anymore, and so on. ??
"The angel of the Ming Dynasty has come to Lingzang? Welcome him quickly."
Like Jiarong Babu, King Zanshan of Lingzang also believes in Bon religion.
However, unlike the Jiarong Babu who did not buy Gushi Khan's account, King Zanshan was very obedient to Gushi Khan. Disobedience was not an option. His troops were not as strong as the Jiarong Babu, so naturally he did not dare to offend Gushi Khan.
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Seeing that he was obedient, Gushi Khan did not embarrass him and let him continue to manage the spiritual treasure.
When Lu Daqi entered the Lingzang, he saw Bon believers wearing black clothes and black hats everywhere, and there were also many monks wearing yellow hats.
It seems that the Yellow Sect forces have entered Lingzang!
"What important business does your envoy come to my spiritual treasure house?"
King Zanshan, wearing a venetian skirt and a pointed hat, asked enthusiastically with a bell in his hand.
Different from the three great Dharma kings, the five great teaching kings conferred by the Ming Dynasty were in charge of both secular affairs and monks' affairs. Someone once joked that when they put down the bell, they became chieftains, and when they picked up the bell, they became eminent monks.
"I was ordered by King Jing of the Supervisory State to come and discuss the tea and horse trade with the Jiao Wang. The Ming Dynasty wanted to set up five tea and horse divisions, among which the Tea and Horse Division of Ade Chief in Lijiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province was connected to the Jiao Wang's territory." King Zanshan's eyes lit up, this is a great thing.
Although Bon religion is not as powerful as Yellow religion in Tibet, it has many believers in other places. For example, Shamanism in the north is actually a kind of primitive Bon religion. The Mu family in Lijiang, Yunnan also believes in Bon religion.
Ben Yi has been secretly trading with King Zanshan for these years. Now it’s better. No need to be secretive, just let go.
King Zanshan thought for a while and said: "This is indeed a great good thing with immeasurable merit, but it must be reported to Gushi Khan before it can be implemented."
Lu Daqi smiled: "This is natural, I am going to Lhasa to visit Gushi Khan."
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"Tenzin Chojie (King Jingjing), do you really plan to reopen the tea horse market with the Han people?"
The Fourth Panchen Lama Lobsang Quji asked Gushi Khan Tulu Baihu.
Tulubaihu respected his teacher very much and gave him the title of "Panchen Bogdou".
"Teacher, I have thought about it again and again. Using our excess horses, cattle and sheep to exchange for tea, salt, and ironware from the Han people can greatly enhance the strength of Qinghai. This is feasible."
Lobsang Chokyi thought for a while: "We must beware of the envoys from the Nyingma sect, the Sakya sect, and the Kagyu sect living Buddhas, which will be detrimental to our Gelug sect."
Tulu Baihu nodded: "I have taken measures. Only the Ming envoys are allowed to visit the living Buddhas of our Yellow Sect, and other living Buddhas are not allowed to see him."
"So good!"
When Lu Daqi entered Lhasa, he saw colorful prayer flags hanging everywhere along the way, stone sutras carved on them, and piles of Manis placed. Wearing long sleeves, wide waists, and wide-breasted Tibetan robes, he went to the Jokhang Temple and kowtowed with long heads.
Tibetans abound. There are also countless monks.
This Tibet really deserves to be a Buddhist country!
Gushi Khan was very polite to Lu Daqi and presented him with a hada as soon as they met. The reception was good and the food and drink utensils were exquisite. As for the establishment of a tea and horse trade, he agreed immediately.
However, when Lu Daqi proposed to pay homage to the living Buddhas and learn the Dharma, things were not so harmonious.
The Dalai Lama, the Panchen Lama, the Great Merciful Dharma King, these living Buddhas of the Yellow Sect were easily seen by Lu Daqi.
These living Buddhas were also very kind to Lu Daqi. They chanted sutras, prayed for blessings, and gave initiations and blessings. He almost wanted to convert to Buddhism. However, I heard that among the four major sects of Tibetan Buddhism, only the yellow sect monks were not allowed to get married. Flowers, white, and red flowers
Monks from all three religions are acceptable. Lu Daqi thought about it and gave up the idea of joining the Yellow Sect.
Lu Daqi did not see any of the eminent monks from the Flower Sect, the Red Sect, and the White Sect. Just as he was about to go to their temple, he was stopped by a group of strong Heshuote Mongolian cavalry.
Either the master has traveled far away to give lectures, or he is practicing meditation in seclusion. Anyway, you are not allowed to see him.
Urging him hard, the Mongolian leader who led the team drew his sword and glared, "My great Khan has just thrown Zangba Khan of the Bai Sect into the Yarlung Zangbo River. You are about to see the Living Buddha of the Bai Sect. What is your intention? ?Are you trying to plot against me in Tibet?"
Lu Daqi was so frightened that he explained repeatedly: "I just want to learn Buddhism. I have absolutely no malice! Absolutely no malice!"
This will not work. The supervisory state will not be able to complete its task of winning over the hearts of Tibetans.
Lu Daqi simply asked to see Gushi Khan directly, saying that the Three Dharma Kings and the Five Religion Kings were all conferred by the Ming Dynasty. When I came, the supervisor issued a strict order to me, and I must pay homage to these living Buddhas. If you don't let me see them, I won't be able to do anything after I go back. Crossover.
Gushi Khan thought for a while and said: "This Khan has killed Zangba Khan, and all the living Buddhas of the White Sect have fled Lhasa, and you can't see them even if you want to; the eminent monks of the Red Sect are currently giving lectures near Nirbala (Nepal). You are not afraid of going far, so go ahead and I will not stop you. As for the Mahayana Dharma King of the Flower Sect, he is not far away. If you want to see him, you can see him at any time."
Lu Daqi was overjoyed when he heard this. This Flower Sect, also known as the Sakya Sect, is a famous sect. At that time, Pasiba, the fifth Sakya Patriarch, was named the National Master and the Imperial Master by Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty.
Being able to see the Mahayana Dharma King can be regarded as completing the edict given to him by the Supervisory State to sow discord, no, to unite the hearts of all factions.
He spared no effort to come to Shigatse and walked into the Sakya Monastery. The walls of the monastery were painted with red, white and blue strips symbolizing Manjusri, Avalokitesvara and Vajrapani "Three Fathers" Bodhisattva. The colors were like flowers and very beautiful. .
Lu Daqi saw the Mahayana Dharma King (who called himself Sakya Dharma King) wearing a lotus-shaped monk's crown and red cassock. After chatting, he was greatly disappointed.
The Sakya sect has long since lost its power, and its influence is limited to a small area like Sakya.
The Sakya sect can get married, and the Sakya dharma king is passed down by blood. From father to son, and from son to grandson. At that time, the lineage of three of the four Ladrangs of the Sakya sect was cut off, and the only ones left were all Ladrangs, which were further divided into Phuntsok Phodrang and Dolma Phodrang have two families, and the two families take turns to serve as the Dharma King.
The current strength of the Sakya Sect can only mobilize one or two thousand troops at most. More importantly, they are very obedient to Gushi Khan and the Yellow Sect, and have no intention of resisting at all.
Lu Daqi returned to Lhasa dejectedly, feeling annoyed.
Suddenly, Li Ru, the interpreter, stepped forward to report: "Scholar Lu, I have sent people to secretly contact the living Buddhas of Zhayeba Temple and Tashidao Temple of the Red Sect in Lhasa, and also contacted Zhigong, Karma, and Dalung of the Bai Sect. , the living Buddha of the four branches of Zhuba. Our mission has been completed during this trip, and we can go back."
Lu Daqi was shocked: "Who are you? How can you do this?"
Li Ru smiled: "I am Qianhu of the Jinyiwei. The commander of the Jinyiwei, Master Tao, has ordered me to cooperate with you to complete the comfort mission."
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Lu Daqi and his party returned to Guilin safely.
The five tea and horse branches of Linguan, Diaokou, Ningfanwei, Waluzhi and Ade Chief were successfully established.
The Tea Horse Branch has one ambassador, with a rank of 6, and one deputy envoy, with a rank of 7.
Zhu Hengjia unified these five tea and horse branches under the management of the Customs Department of the Ministry of Household Affairs. They followed the rules and regulations and learned from the customs system.
After tasting the benefits of establishing the Tea and Horse Branch, he simply waved his pen and announced in the Yunnan car that Wude of the Division, Laizhou of Lin'an Prefecture, Guishun Prefecture of Zhen'an Prefecture of Guangxi, Zhennanguan of Taiping Prefecture,
Seven tea and horse branches have been established in Lang Son, Hong Gai and Hua Ying in Annan Province, which are also under the unified management of the Customs Department.
These places became a bridge for trade with Siam, Nanzhang, and Annam, and also brought considerable financial resources to Zhu Hengjia. Once the trade road is connected, there will be thousands of gold.