Qing Notice for rulers, we can summarize it in a martial arts saying: Swords do not matter whether good or evil is good or evil, and those who hold the swords are divided into good or evil. r?anw                                                                                                      

?r?n?w?e?n?a`c?om?There are many state-owned leaders like Shan Tao, Ji Shao, Wang Dao and Xie An, as well as powerful children like Wang Yan, Yin Hao and a large number of powerful children who are not as good as dogs. However, they prefer empty administrative reforms, evaluate the government affairs and discretionary figures according to their own political ideals and personality standards. They are mostly Ciyuan and Hanlin, who are good at memorials, short of governing the people and military, and lack practical skills in governing the country. They have neither practical experience nor insights in diplomacy and military.

Therefore, rulers of all dynasties were mostly disgusted with the "Qingliu Discussion" and even did not hesitate to kill. The only ones Zhao knew were Emperor Huan of Han in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the "Party and Corruption Disaster" during the period of Emperor Ling of Han; when the last emperor of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Ai of Tang Dynasty, Li, the powerful minister Zhu Wen once ordered a large number of famous scholars of the dynasty "Clean Qingliu" and threw their bodies into the turbid Yellow River. In the Ming Dynasty, the Jinyiwei even used the Jinyiwei to deal with the Qingliu people, often using court sticks and tortures; after the fierce Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains, he did not buy traditional accounts and killed a group of Qingliu literati.

However, the result did not make the Qing Dynasty disappear, and the torture of swords and axes still could not block the Qing River's mouths. Zhao analyzed that the reasons were actually inseparable from the rulers. In order to control bureaucrats, censors and censors, they became the main channel for Qing Dynasty to influence national policies. This was even more serious because Taizu's oath said that "don't kill censors", which made them even more unscrupulous and could not be punished even if they said it wrong, which made the Qing Dynasty popular and they always gave opinions to the emperor.

Secondly, the rulers chose the national policy of "scholars and officials governing the country", and at the same time controlled the scholars with the imperial examination system, so that the purpose of education was to spread Confucian orthodox thought, defend the feudal etiquette system, and maintain the feudal ruling order. There was only one study topic, which was to take the imperial examination, obtain fame and reputation, and change one's own destiny. In other words, most of the ideological power was controlled by the Qingliu School.

Furthermore, there have been "power rent-seeking" in history throughout history, and the power used for rent-seeking is generally political and cultural power, with the purpose of obtaining political benefits. China has long been a self-sufficiency economy of small peasants, and business has not been fully developed for a long time. The economic impact on society is not great, and the impact on government officials is also very small.

In addition, because most members of the Qing dynasty are literati and official class, indirectly mastering the important tool of the imperial examination and thus controlling the ideology of society. Therefore, in addition to the emperor's rule, there was also a "Taotong" in each dynasty, and the Taotong was mastered in the literati and official class, becoming the capital for frequent disputes with the emperor, resulting in officials often not looking at problems based on the emperor's standards, and dared to argue with the emperor in the court and argue with reason.

Zhao knew that it was not easy to suppress Qingliu, because Confucianism has penetrated into every corner of society for thousands of years, and the concepts it adhered to have become the consensus of every class, thus controlling the orientation of public opinion. As the ruler emperor, an ordinary citizen will never see a good or bad in his life. The ones who come into contact with them most are officials from Confucian origins or intriguing gentry around them.

In addition, the information is blocked and I don’t know much about the outside world. The words of these scholars around me become an important source of information for the people to obtain. The criteria for judging right and wrong, and distinguishing good and evil are often able to provoke oppositions and even turmoil between officials and the people. Such influence made the emperor very afraid and had to tolerate their provocations.

More importantly, the scholarly class became a tool of ruling that the emperor relied on, and formed a community of interests between the two sides. Therefore, the emperor hated and loved Qingliu, but was more like a pair of enemies who loved and killed each other. Even if there was frequent suppression, he did not dare to kill them all. After all, scholars were also required to maintain their own rule, balance the interests of various classes, and eliminate class contradictions.

Of course, among the scholars, there are loyal and righteous people who care about the world and save the world and the people. When the country is in danger, they can face reality and oppose aggression and show patriotic enthusiasm. This is undoubtedly positive. Of course, there are also people who only know how to talk about things, have high expectations and low skills, pursue the so-called reputation and sensationalism. Once the court is a little dissatisfied with its own wishes, or are just dissatisfied with the behavior of an official, they can make them "crazy" and ignore the overall situation and the interests of the country.

In the early days of Zhu Yuanzhang's founding of the country, there were tens of thousands of scholars killed, so that officials at all levels were vacant. In the end, the scholars had to rely on the help of scholars to maintain their rule. While being punished by the emperor, Qingliu won another honor - the entire country and the entire cultural circle believed that ministers were right, but the emperor was wrong. After the Qing Dynasty massacred Qingliu, it not only failed to eliminate it, but when the Manchus also appeared in the literati class, it became even more amazing. The nature of Qing Dynasty became increasingly decadent and reactionary. The failure of reform and the difficulty of revolution could be seen everywhere, and it became ideological resistance to historical progress.

Zhao thought about the reason why he was able to remain invincible in several impeachment storms over the years was that he had intentional planning and arrangements, as well as unintentional coincidences, which defeated several conspiracies against him. Of course, firmly controlling military power was the most important thing, which made him the first to be invincible in the fight. After all, there was the saying that "a scholar could not rebel for ten years." He could only rely on his words to say that he could not kill him, and he could not be lifted off the throne.

Secondly, Zhao appointed a group of like-minded and loyal civil officials, so that he could control the government, make government orders clear and decision-making possible. Among them were the strong support of these masters, Jiang and Deng Guangsong, as well as the former officials who were in love with the world and vowed to defend the king to the death, and those who did not forget the old country and were loyal to the court, Xie Fangde, Xie Ao, Liu Chenweng, Hu Sansheng, Deng Wenyuan, etc., who were in the wild and clear waters who did not forget the old country and were devoted to the court.

At the same time, Zhao also trained a group of teams, and placed the brothers of Cai Qiao, Cai Ruoshui, Lin Zhiwu and Zhuang who were not well-known in the past, and solved the grassroots problems by paying attention to officials. He then held an imperial examination to select a group of scholars and re-educated them so that they could accept their ideas and become his fans. Then gradually replaced those officials who were in a state of dissatisfaction with their appearance and occupied a position of corpse and did not poop, so that the opposition voices in the official system declined.

In addition, Zhao used the reform and ruling department to run newspapers, seized the high ground of public opinion with the Qingliu and took hot issues to openly debate, making it impossible for them to influence the public opinion trends of the people through private dissemination. At the same time, he suppressed them through violent means, which made their voices declining and it was difficult to influence the implementation of national policies.

In addition, another important reason is that Zhao controlled the national finances. Modern saying that the economic foundation determines the political foundation, but in ancient times, the self-sufficiency small peasant economy actually had little impact on scholars. However, with his vigorous development of industry and commerce, many landless farmers went to workshops or went to business, which changed their ideas and constantly conflicted with the traditional tradition of focusing on agriculture and neglecting industry and commerce. In the conflict, these people would also turn to support policy makers because they gained benefits from it, but scholars hindered them from making money.

In addition, economic power based on the commercial economy is relatively independent of political power. According to the basic principle of economic decisions, the role of money cannot be ignored. The court has been unable to pay financial expenses and maintain the operation of the country by relying on traditional land taxes. It is even more impossible to win people's hearts by relieving famines, building water conservancy, and reducing taxes. This has a great impact on the bureaucratic system with scholars as the main body. However, the rich Zhao can do it through rewards and achieve his own political goals by borrowing from the court.

However, this effective method in Qiongzhou was not very enlightened after Zhao entered the Central Plains, and gave himself a strong warning. They expressed their deep dissatisfaction with their "indiscriminate killing" scholars, and contacted some powerful ministers in the court to issue a letter to question their orthodox identity and wanted to oust him. This forced them to retreat behind the scenes and be supervised by the empress dowager, which was very disappointed.

Zhao Zai's view of retreating also thought about why such a problem occurred. He thought that Qiongzhou was a small place after all, and he could easily understand the changes in the situation and deal with it in a timely manner. Moreover, when the country was in trouble, most of the people who could still follow the dynasty were loyal and righteous, and took the loyalty of the emperor as their responsibility. After the fall of Jiangnan, many scholars either served as leaders, were recruited as officials in the Yuan Dynasty, or retired to the country, and their personnel composition was complex.

After recapturing Jiangnan, Zhao issued an order to suppress many traitors, which caused panic, fearing to be involved, and because it was not re-enabled, it was suspected of being abandoned, which caused turmoil. However, with the support of Queen Mother Yang and the support of the ministers, he used his army to calm the chaos. However, it also made Zhao understand that the potential power of the scholars in Jiangnan was forcing him to compromise on certain things, so as not to cause greater turmoil and sacrifice his marriage.
Chapter completed!