Ulaanbaatar was formerly called Kulun. The name changed after the establishment of *** is the same as the Koreans who changed Seoul to Seoul.
Ulaanbaatar is built on the hilly ground between the mountains. The buildings on the main street have a strong Russian flavor and are very elegant. Generally, they look three to five floors, and the tallest buildings in the city are only more than ten floors. There is a very grand square in the city, and the commercial area has a shopping mall that is exactly the same as the ** Wangfujing Department Store. Even the stone used for stair railings is the same. It is said that the same drawing is used.
The new residential living areas in Ulaanbaatar are rising. In contrast, the buildings in the 1970s and 1980s are very similar to the five or six-story buildings built in China in the same period. Although the buildings in the earlier era are very old, they are very exquisite when they look closely. There are also a large number of low-rise houses built on the slope with many yurts in the middle.
A little outside the city, large areas of mountain grassland suddenly came to me. The grass was not high and livestock were free to eat. Mongolia's animal husbandry was basically in a natural grazing state. On weekends, people from the city often drove out to play in the beautiful places on the grassland.
Compared with the 800,000 people in the capital, Ulaanbaatar still has quite a lot of cars. All the cars running on the streets are foreign cars, and South Korea has the most used cars.
Because Mongolia basically has no manufacturing industry, the three major economic pillars are mining, agriculture and animal husbandry, and retail. Due to the small population, the per capita natural resources are relatively abundant. The housing here uses a lot of wood and trees are cut down at will.
Although it rains less, the city does not lack water, and the water in several rivers is abundant and clear. The land used by Mongolians to build houses is basically unrestricted except in the city center, and it is easy to obtain government approval.
Ulaanbaatar is a capital with relatively high latitudes and altitudes, and is deep inland. Therefore, winter is long, but its summer is cool and charming, with long days and bright at around 9 o'clock in the evening. However, Ulaanbaatar's shopping mall closed early and the department store got off work at 8 o'clock in the evening.
It is difficult to conclude that the living standards of Mongolians are about 40 US dollars per month, and taxi drivers can earn 70 US dollars a month, but everyone's actual life seems to be better than this number.
According to the people in the embassy, ​​this data may be low because the Mongolians themselves have made it too low. The purpose is to ask for more economic assistance from Western countries. In fact, the Mongolians themselves believe that their lives are much better now than in the past few years.
"Mongolia's urban population is highly educated, and many people have gone abroad, and is generally knowledgeable. In the pastoral area, we visited a herdsman family. In addition to the old couple, there were four daughters, two of whom were abroad. The walls of the yurt were hung with photos of their daughters taking from all over the world." The embassy staff said to Fan Wubing, "The living habits of the Ulaanbaatar people were greatly influenced by Russia. Although the food structure is still Mongolian, the tableware and eating methods are both Western."
Fan Wubing and the others were strolling on the street. Although they did not meet beggars, there were many children selling small commodities at tourist sites. Some of them were pestering customers and asking for purchases, but they couldn't even chase them away, just like in some tourist areas in China.
"Is this the largest shopping mall in Ulaanbaatar?!" Fan Wubing couldn't help but widen his eyes when he saw the scene in front of him, and he couldn't speak for a long time.
Although I had long had no extravagant expectations for the people's livelihood in Mongolia, when I saw the largest shopping mall in Ulaanbaatar, Fan Wubing still felt that he was a little out of the way and could not keep up with the development of the situation.
Although the building in front of me looks quite large and sturdy, the decoration outside is also marble veneered, it looks like it is modeled after the Soviet style of the 1950s. I was often seen in the factory area of ​​the Plain Factory. Later, Panshi City launched a large-scale **, and these old buildings had long bid farewell to this era and became a history in old photos.
"That's right, this is the largest shopping mall in Ulaanbaatar City, and it is also one of the first large buildings that my country aided Mongolia during the Sino-Soviet friendship period in the 1950s." The staff of the embassy explained to Fan Wubing very enthusiastically.
In the 1950s, New China sent more than 20,000 people to help Mongolia twice. With their help, factories in Mongolia rose from the ground and roads ran through all parts of Mongolia. Many economic projects that Mongolia urgently needed to develop were completed with the help of Chinese workers.
However, after China and the Soviet Union had a feud, Mongolia immediately stood on the side of the Soviet Union without hesitation and turned around to deal with China.
Over the past few decades, Russia's influence on Mongolia has penetrated into all levels of politics, economy and culture. Taking language as an example, Mongolia implemented Russian education after **, and Russian was popular among the upper class of society. The children of powerful people went to the Soviet Union to study. Mongolia's culture and traditions gradually disappeared.
Now, the official language of Mongolia is Khalkha Mongolian, and the writing uses the Cyrillic letters created by the Slavs. Those who are familiar with linguistics will know that Russian language uses this letter, while Inner Mongolia, which has the same ethnic group and roots, still uses traditional Mongolian. Although the inner language still sounds similar, it requires translation when communicating. This is a very painful thing.
During the Qin and Han dynasties, China's territory started from the Altai Mountains in the west, ended at Lake Baikal in the north, and ended at the Ergun River in the east. At that time, the Mongolian nation had not yet formed. In the Tang Dynasty, it began to set up prefectures there and implement direct jurisdiction. In the Song Dynasty, a branch of the nomadic tribes in the north began to flourish. Genghis Khan unified the tribes of the desert and established the unified Mongolian Khanate. Soon, the Mongolians defeated the Song regime and established the Yuan Dynasty. After that, this fierce and warlike nation marched towards Central Asia, West Asia and even Europe, swept across the Caucasus region, the Caspian Sea, and the Baltic coasts, and established the largest empire in the world at that time.
The establishment of the Yuan Dynasty further integrated the Mongolian and Han people and became an important part of Chinese civilization. Shortly after the Xinhai Revolution overthrew the Qing government, China entered the era of warlord separatism. Provinces or regions announced that **gu also joined this process, and the driving force behind it was Tsarist Russia.
At the beginning, Tsarist Russia also recognized that ** was Chinese territory and only demanded that ** should be self-governance. However, during the peace talks between the two sides, Duan Qirui's government sent General Xu Shuzheng to lead troops into ** ancient times. Forced ** to give up autonomy.
Unexpectedly, the Duan Qirui regime collapsed the following year, and a group of bandits in Tsarist Russia who supported the princes and nobles drove the Zhongxun team out of the capital Coulomb. Another year later, the Mongolian Revolutionary Party troops attacked the Zhongxun team in other areas with the help of the Soviet army. The Zhongxun team was defeated, and the Mongolian King, who was canonized by the central government, was overthrown, and Mongolia became a constitutional monarchy. After that, the Zhongxun team never entered the ancient times again, but the Soviet Union had been stationed in Mongolia until 1986.
Fan Wubing looked at everything in front of him and couldn't help but shook his head, "The country had provided too much assistance to these white-eyed wolves in the past. When the people in the country were still hungry, they had spent a lot of money here. It cannot be said that it was not a failure. In fact, we did not get any real rewards. If I were the case, I would never do these big and inappropriate things."
The staff of the embassy immediately stopped talking, and the topic of criticizing the founding leaders was said by Fan Wubing, who was not suitable for following the relationship, which was a matter of position.
China is poor, this is a saying that every leader has said, but at the same time, China's foreign aid is also shocking.
Since the late fifties, the government has provided assistance to North Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, Pakistan, Cambodia Khmer Rouge, Mongolia, Albania, Tanzania and the "African Brothers". The government has provided too much government assistance, and it has huge funds every time.
It is said that when the Pakistani Prime Minister visited China, he asked the Chinese for assistance. China was not rich at that time, so the Prime Minister decided to give 50 million yuan after considering it, but when he showed the report to the Chairman, he added a zero to the back.
For North Korea, when resisting U.S. aiding North Korea, China almost devoted all its country to support it. After the end, it continued to provide various aid in order to maintain this regime. This situation has continued until now. According to foreign media reports, China aided North Korea 500,000 tons of grain, 1 million tons of oil, and 2.5 million tons of coke every year.
In order to resist the United States and aid Vietnam, China has devoted all its strength to the assistance of Vietnam, from ammunition, grain, trucks, medicines, communication equipment, and the amount of aid is as high as 20 billion US dollars, and even sent 100,000 troops to join the war. It helped them fight for war, build roads, do logistics, and be strong men. It used the blood of the Chinese to win their victory.
But when they turned around, they used guns and cannons sent by the Chinese as weapons, rice assisted by the Chinese as racks and bunkers to kill Chinese soldiers.
For Albania, within six years, they were given 9 billion yuan. According to the value of the currency and purchasing power at that time, it was equivalent to hundreds of billions of yuan now. As a result, the factory built with precious foreign exchange resources was heavily in debt, most of the factories were stopped, and the equipment was completely abandoned. The fortresses of aid were used by them to raise chickens, and the trucks of aid were thrown all over the mountains and rust.
In Tanzania, despite its limited railway capacity, it built a railway of 1,800 kilometers long for them. The railway tracks of 1,800 kilometers long were transported to Africa by the Chinese. The engineering team of tens of thousands of people had to reimburse themselves for all food and accommodation expenses, bomb mountain roads, pave roads and bridges, and all raw materials and construction costs were paid for by the Chinese.
The construction cost of building this railway exceeded the limit that the country had to bear. The project took ten years and cost more than 2 billion yuan. This investment was used in China. Not to mention one railway of the same length, five were taken down.
Chapter completed!