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What method to change is effective? First, we need to solve two main motivational questions:

"The reform of scholars and officials first comes from the field of thought. Some scholars and officials are worried about the world and are determined to strengthen the country, so they proposed the theory of reform and the strategy of reform. Judging from the history of reform in the past few decades, only Wen Jinggong's new learning and Zhang Zai's Guanxue had a strong desire to strengthen the country in academic thought, while the new learning was more radical in reform and strategy, which we call "Sun Break". The reform concept of Guanxue is relatively gentle and requires gradual progress."

"New studies are the theoretical basis for reforms among new party members. No matter how many factions there are within the new party, they remain consistent on this point. This is also the reason why new studies have become the official school of the Song Dynasty."

"If we continue to reform, continue to use the new learning as the theoretical basis of the reform, and continue to adhere to the reform strategy of Wen Jinggong, then we must use the New Party members. Most of the New Party members are southern scholars, and basically have close ties with the Cai Jing family. Although after the Supreme Emperor stepped down, the Cai Jing family was killed and driven away, its foundation was too large, and they had strong forces in both Bian Jing and local areas. Now, the Cai Jing family has assumed all the responsibility of the Song Dynasty being in a deep crisis. His reform strategies and new policies are being abandoned and revised one after another, which has implicated Wen Jing Gong. His new learning theory and the new policy strategies proposed by him have also been qualitated."

"In this case, we continue to use Wenjing Gong's new school as an official school and continue to implement Wenjing Gong's new policy. It is obviously out of date. Not only will we not receive support from Bian Jing, but also from scholars from the northerners, especially the descendants of the Yuanyou Party and their disciples. On the other hand, we do this to defend Cai Jing's new policy of restoring reputation Cai Jing. This is a behavior of going against the current and will inevitably be opposed by people all over the world. The consequences can be imagined."

"As for the old party governing the Yuanyou Party members or the Yuanyou academic, they are both firmly opposing the reform or opposing Wang Anshi's new policy, so Yuanyou academic and Yuanyou Party members cannot use it."

"We must insist on reform. Without reform, there will be no development and no period of rejuvenation. However, Yuanyou Party members and Yuanyou academics who oppose reform cannot be used, and new party members and new learning can no longer be used. We must use a brand new academic theory and reform strategies based on this academic theory."

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Li Hu's eyes were filled with enlightenment. Zhao Mingcheng's ideas for change were indeed unique.

"Uncle, didn't you just say that you insist on taking the new as an official school?"

"I said that the new learning of the land is not the new learning of the land in Wenjing, which is a new academic theory." Zhao Mingcheng smiled. "Even if you want to use the new learning of the land in Wenjing, you can only learn from it. Or simply change the new learning of the land in Wenjing, which creates a new academic for the core."

"When Wen Jinggong established a new school in order to promote reforms and establish a new school, and then the Han Dynasty earlier, Dong Zhongsun created a new Confucianism to cooperate with the changes in Emperor Wu of Han. From the perspective of past history, all reforms must be based on academic thoughts. And use this academic thought to cultivate talents in implementing the new policy. This is the only rule for the successful reform."

"From the current situation, we continue to use the new learning of Wenjing Gong and the new policies of other places to reform. It is obviously not possible. There was a disaster of party struggles before and Cai Jing later. The new learning of Wenjing Gong and the new policies of Wenjing Gong fell sharply in the minds of the people of the Song Dynasty. Forced implementation will inevitably lead to huge resistance. Even those who are willing to reform will resist the reform because of the hatred of the past.

”

Li Hu nodded repeatedly and agreed with Zhao Mingcheng's statement. But is it possible that Hu Lie Mansion will create a new academic idea for reform in such a short time? This is obviously impossible.

=

"Uncle, what is your academic thought?" Li Hu looked at Zhao Mingcheng and thought to himself that you were so dedicated to this matter. Do you want to introduce your academic knowledge? If you have your own academic thoughts, I will make it an official school at any cost.

"Me?" Zhao Mingcheng was a little surprised, and then understood Li Hu's intention and smiled at Li Qingzhao. After receiving Li Hu's promise, Li Qingzhao's emotions had calmed down and gradually accepted Zhao Mingcheng's statement. Indeed, if you want to avoid party disputes as much as possible under the current circumstances, the best way is to exclude both the old and new parties from the court.

"What I learned was also the new study of Wen Jinggong," said Zhao Mingcheng. "However, I mainly engage in the research of ancient scriptures. Over the years, I have also had some experience."

Although Zhao Mingcheng studied Wen Jinggong's new study, he mainly collected gold and stone inscriptions, studied ancient characters, and was engaged in the study of ancient bronze ware, sorting out embroidery simplified the work of recording and verification of inscriptions to prove the classics and supplement history.

Since the founding of the Song Dynasty, it has rewarded the Confucianism and advocated the restoration of the ritual system. There has been a craze in the collection, sorting and research of antiquities. There was Ouyang Xiu's "Collection of Ancient Records" and Zhao Mingcheng's "Character of Jin and Stone Records", all of which are the best in this field.

Because of this, Zhao Mingcheng has a deep study of ancient scriptures and his own unique insights, and the Song Dynasty

Especially the current Supreme Emperor is very enthusiastic about restoring the ritual system. In fact, an excuse is to some extent a desire for the reform of Confucianism by the rulers of the Song Dynasty. He hopes that Confucianism can better serve politics, provide theoretical basis for the revision of the Song Dynasty's national policy, and then help the Song Dynasty develop and strengthen with better national policy.

Zhao Mingcheng finally came to a conclusion based on his years of research on ancient scriptures, his research on new theories and his summary of the gains and losses of reforms, that is, Duke Wen Jing's reform focused on financial reforms and neglected political reforms. The Song Dynasty reforms ranged from Duke Wen Jing's reforms to Cai Jing's administration. The new law was intermittent and implemented for fifty or sixty years, and finally ended in failure.

=

After Zhao Mingcheng finished his views on the new policy, Li Hu was a little confused. Isn’t the purpose of the reform to resolve the fiscal crisis? Why should we pay attention to political reform?

"From the appearance of the Song Dynasty, the crisis is mainly a fiscal crisis. In fact, to a deeper level, the root cause of the fiscal crisis is due to the excessive concentration of central power." Zhao Mingcheng said, "If the reform does not solve the root cause of the crisis, but he is focused on solving the problem from the surface, then the reform cannot be successful."

This makes sense. It's like a person who gets sick, treats symptoms but not the root cause, or even loses the root cause, so the disease becomes more and more serious. Li Hu has never heard of this statement and immediately became very interested in this view.

"Can uncle express it?"

"Wang Jinggong's reform idea was called the change of power." Zhao Mingcheng explained, "Mr. Jinggong had been a parent official in the local area for more than 20 years. He had a deep understanding of the crazy annexation of land by the powerful and wealthy bureaucrats, the bankruptcy of small and medium-sized landlords, and the hardships of the people under the heavy tax pressure. After the outbreak of the financial crisis of the Song Dynasty, the trend of demanding reform began to rise in the court and the country. Later, Han Qi, Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu and others launched the Qingli reform, and Jinggong also had the idea of ​​reforming and strengthening the country."

"I remember that Jing wrote a memorial "A Letter to Emperor Renzong's Words". In this memorial, although he did not propose specific reform measures, he clearly pointed out the seriousness of the national and social crisis at that time, the necessity of reform and the basic principles of reform. He believed that the crisis at that time was that "the country should be worried about the inside, and the barbarians should be afraid of the world. The financial resources of the world are becoming increasingly poor, while customs are declining day by day, so the trend of reform is imperative. He believed that the purpose of reform is to enrich the country and strengthen the army, and the key is to increase financial resources.

A series of reform measures he later implemented were aimed at this."

"In order to illustrate the rationality of the reform, the Gong proposed the 'politics of the previous kings' of the 'change of power and time'."

"The change of power in the times is to correct the etiquette and law of the previous kings according to the changes of the times. This is the original meaning of the etiquette and law of the previous kings. The politics of the previous kings is to use two means of ritual governance and rule of law to govern the country. Both are indispensable. However, the etiquette and law used by the previous kings are formulated according to the needs of the time. With the changes of the times, etiquette and law will also have disadvantages. They are not in line with the times. Later generations should 'speak the intentions of the previous kings to conform to the changes of the time'. If they dare not step beyond the ancients and think that this is to follow the etiquette and law of the ancients, it would be wrong, and it deviate from the politics of the previous kings."

"Tang, Wu gave birth to Jie. In the world of Zhou, if 'secretly 'concerned with the common righteousness of the monarch and ministers, but not reaching the power of current affairs', where is the so-called Tang and Wu? Confucius also 'sometimes use power'. If Confucius only knows how to stick to the constant etiquette but does not know how to change power, how is the so-called Confucius? The way of sages governing lies in judging the situation and formulating etiquette and laws according to the needs of the times. This is precisely the way of following the ways of the previous kings and integrating the policies of the previous kings."

"It can be seen from this that what Wen Jing Gong wants to change the power and the changes are all caused by excessive concentration of central power, as well as excessive land annexation after abandoning equal land, rather than weakening centralized power, nor restoring equal land system."

"Duke Wen Jing clearly advocated the idea of ​​imperial power centralization that 'manipulation power is dedicated to the emperor'. In his opinion, the country's political, military, economic and educational power must be in the hands of the emperor and must not be left behind. He believed that the prosperity of Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen and Wu in history was precisely because the 'man lord was good at controlling the power, just like the heaven holding the fighting guru', so he not only did not weaken the centralization power in the reform, but instead worked hard to strengthen the centralization power everywhere."

"The excessive concentration of central power is reflected in the financial system, which seriously violated the interests of bureaucrats and nobles and rich people, so the Xining reform ended in failure. When Cai Jing took charge of the government, he drove away all the Yuanyou Party members, and a series of financial systems based on state monopoly were implemented, but the consequence was that the disadvantages of excessive concentration of central power were magnified without restrictions, and the new policy ended in failure."
Chapter completed!