Chapter 57: Depose Dong Zhongshu and restore the real Confucius and Mencius
Li Su and Cai Yong are both people with extremely high IQs, so they can speak directly to the point and talk about "What are the orthodox philosophical theories of Dong Zhongshu 300 years ago? Nowadays?"
However, many people who look down on Cai Yong from the perspective of God do not have the knowledge base of Cai Yong, so those people must first figure out why Dong Zhongshu was respected by the emperor back then, and what thunders had been planted for this.
Dong Zhongshu's core attraction to the emperor is just a sentence: he argued that "why should the Liu family be emperor for a long time?" (The literary conclusion in middle school history books is just to make people feel better)
The orthodox view of the hundreds of schools of thought in the pre-Qin period, until the "Gongyang Zhuan" cited by Gongsun Hong, mainly stayed at "whoever unifies the world so that the people do not have to fight again", would have the greatest merit, which is also the root of the ideological root of the "success, king, defeat, bandit" in China. (Before Dong Zhongshu, Gongsun Hong was first appreciated by Emperor Wu of Han because Gongsun Hong made detailed arguments from "Gongyang Zhuan" that "people who are unified in the world have the ultimate virtue")
In addition, there are other secondary orthodox reasons, such as whether the ruler's family lineage is noble.
But this kind of jungle law has great hidden dangers: the first person to have this kind of merit of "great unification and exemption from war" is Qin Shihuang! Even the descendants of the First Emperor were unable to enjoy the country for generations. The Liu family was even more humble. Why should they last for generations?
Taoists and Legalists in the early Han Dynasty respectively suggested "rest and recuperate" and "using time to make the people accustomed to the emperor of Liu", and avoided this matter, but it was not resolved once and for all.
During the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, the people were used too much, and this problem became increasingly prominent. Dong Zhongshu wrote a "Spring and Autumn Festival" and pieced together a set of "resonance between heaven and man", stuffing his own private goods into the Confucian skin, completely defeating Taoist Legalists:
The sky has three lights, sun, moon and stars, and people have three pillars, kings, fathers and husbands. All natural laws in the sky correspond to the gains and losses of the governance in the world. As long as the laws of heaven have not changed and there are no major disasters, it means that the emperor today is still favored by heaven and has "destiny" in his body.
After all the people in the world were touched by the heavens and the fools, many people obviously couldn't survive, but because they believed that "there is no disaster in heaven yet, it means that the emperor has not been foolish enough to be abandoned by heaven. If we rebel now, we will definitely die. It's better to wait." No one dared to be the first to be the first.
But there is also a problem, that is, natural disasters will happen sooner or later. I endure the years of good weather, but the years of great disasters are even more panic.
Fortunately, Emperor Wu of Han had a second move at that time, which was to kill the emperor and apologize.
The political system in the early Western Han Dynasty was a true and false king. This brought a benefit, because the prime minister took over the power and could be held accountable if things were not done well.
Moreover, natural disasters are often temporary. For example, after a major earthquake, kill a prime minister immediately. As long as the earthquake does not follow him for a second time, the emperor can say that his actions are effective: You see, after the prime minister was killed by me, the sky will no longer immediately cause the second disaster, which means that I was right to kill, and the problem was solved after the killing, and the fate of heaven has returned to me.
Emperor Wu of Han once killed 6 prime ministers, and 5 were either dismissed, imprisoned, or committed suicide for fear of crime. Only Gongsun Hong died of old age during his term of office.
So much so that the prime minister was a consumable. Later, the minister knelt down and begged for mercy if Emperor Wu appointed him as the prime minister.
But this set only worked well in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty. Later, with the dispersion of the prime minister's power, the disasters in heaven could not be clearly dealt with on a specific specific prime minister, and it gradually became too big.
The Eastern Han Dynasty played even worse.
...
Li Su made it clear in just a few words, and then he focused on the reasons why "the induction of heaven and man" should be abolished:
"Duke Cai, this is the time, that is, the reason why the response of heaven and man was able to calm the hearts of the world was because the emperor was the only one who was the emperor and the emperor did not care about the meticulous government, and he could blame the prime minister when encountering disasters. Although the prime minister was often wronged, at least the people in the world did not doubt the destiny of the court.
Nowadays, when relatives of the foreign power are tyrannical, no matter what disasters or disagreements, it is impossible to kill the general to thank the world. The same is true when eunuchs are tyrannical. You know the most. Why did you dismiss the official position 10 years ago? It was not because the four major disasters of typhoons, hail, earthquakes, and locust plagues were reported in various places. The emperor issued an edict to blame himself, and you also wrote a letter to tell the truth, blamed it for "a woman who interfered in politics" and impeached many people.
But is your impeachment effective? No. Just because now it is not a single minister, the final result is that the ruler misinterprets the will of heaven and blames the weak in the court's struggle, and harms the weak in order to evade the destiny. The great affairs of the world have fallen to this point, and natural disasters and destiny have become tools for the strong to attack dissidents."
Those who later generations who have a little understanding of political philosophy know this truth: the biggest advantage of a faction in power alone is that if something happens, it cannot shirk responsibility.
But the two factions can't solve this problem in turn. For example, if you understand that Wang didn't do it well, he would blame him for his ex-work. The thunder they buried four years ago broke out today.
But this simple truth opened up a new world for the literati during the Han Dynasty.
"This... can the pros and cons of the response of heaven and man be analyzed in this way?" Cai Yong was slightly stunned. He learned the learning of saints since he was a child and believed it without doubt, so he never thought of doubting it from this perspective.
Li Su added seriously: "It's not just that - the court cannot confirm the rights and responsibilities, but it's just the beginning. Once the court is not responsible for the blame, some thieves among the people will start to use the induction of heaven and man.
Which of Zhang Jiao and others, and even the rice thieves in Yizhou, is not a promotion of changes in destiny and disasters, and cannot be vented by the replacement of prime minister's power, thus guiding the Qianshou to directly question the Han family's world?"
Cai Yong's pupils quickly shrank and dropped, but he could not refute it.
In fact, based on conscience, although the difficulties caused by the natural disasters at the end of the Han Dynasty should also be changed, and a war is needed to vent the population pressure of Malthus. But in terms of the degree of disaster, it is not as severe as the Little Ice Age in the late Ming Dynasty. (The main reason for the plagues at the end of the Han Dynasty was that there were many agricultural harvests, and the agricultural harvest was far less than that at the end of the Ming Dynasty)
But why did the Han Dynasty's "patience" towards natural disasters worse than that of the people of the Ming Dynasty? After all, it was that the Han people believed that the reaction of heaven and man had erupted.
Disasters cannot be blamed, so everyone believes that destiny is about to change.
The natural disasters hit the Han Dynasty a double blow composed of physical blows at the material level and spiritual magic blows at the back level of human hearts!
If what Li Su is going to do now is really done, it is equivalent to giving the Han Dynasty a piece of magic-free equipment.
This is just the contribution of the "destroy" stage, and there is a "establishment" stage later, which is even more complicated.
Given Cai Yong's current friendship with Li Su, Li Su will not tell the details of "establishment" to the other party, and we must first look at the other party's performance in the first stage.
But we can mention a little: If the "establishment" work is done well, the effect will not only be "demonic exemption", but "magic rebound", and from then on, it can add an additional cohesion to all thieves who will rebel against the Han in the future.
From then on, no one can destroy the man through spiritual incitement magic attacks, and can only destroy it through physical attacks that redouble their efforts. (For example, if you encounter a super powerful invasion of alien races, it is still possible to destroy it. The barbarians will not listen to your destiny and cannot incite with political philosophy. This is a typical pure physical attack, and it is useless to use magic counterattacks)
Cai Yong thought about it again and again, and felt that what Li Su said was indeed profound, but had too much impact.
The responses of heaven and man have been believed in by the people of the world for almost three hundred years! How can we change it just by saying that it can be changed? What should we do if the interests of those great scholars are moved? The scholars in the world have to change the knowledge passed down from generation to generation, and they have to learn a part of it. Will they not resist?
Cai Yong took a deep breath and sighed, "Don't be a genius who is not born in the world. It's rare in the world. I really underestimate you. However, this matter is too wide-ranging, and you are still young and don't know the resistance.
Just imagine, if you and I question the response of heaven and man, so that all scholars in the world must re-practice the meaning of the scriptures, how turbulent it would be? How much wasteful it would be? Are they willing to submit? The world is already in chaos, and it is probably not a good omen to break down and not establish it."
Li Su said sincerely: "I have long estimated this difficult thing, but it is not completely impossible. First of all, if Mr. Cai intends to join me in the grand event, he can slowly think about where to keep Dong Zhongshu's method, where to delete it, and where to change it, so that the length of the deletion and modification should be reduced as much as possible.
Moreover, since Emperor Wu, the only one who respected the previous emperors in all dynasties was "Confucianism" rather than "Dong's Skills". We continued to respect Confucianism, rely on the name of the retro, and left Dong and returned to Confucius and Mencius. We only attacked the "resonance of heaven and man". Without any other, we may not be able to fight against conservatives. This is one of them.
Dong Zhongshu's theory is far-fetched. His writing style and philosophy are far inferior to that of the Taishi Gong and Sima Xiangru, who were at the same time, catered to the superior intentions and could be used by the emperor, so he included this pieced together in the scriptures. If Mr. Cai was willing to think about the literary style and thought about the philosophy carefully, and I pointed out the direction from the side, he could surpass Dong Zhongshu in literature and science. This is the second.
Finally, in today's world, from the emperor to the bureaucrats and noble families, they have suffered from the heavenly beings for a long time. With the position of the emperor, if the time is not right today, the disasters and disastrous years, and the abolition of the heavenly beings can eliminate the rebels in the world, making it impossible for them to speak in disguise.
For all the ministers, although the power-abuse faction can use disasters and strangers to attack dissidents, they also have to worry that one day the emperor will die and the court will reshuffle, and if the road cycle is endless, they will lose their power and the enemy will be in power, and they will also frame them with the method of attributing disasters and strangers. This is equivalent to the two sides taking a step back and each abolishing a trick to frame the weak, and all parties will be happy to see it."
The last point Li Su said is like a group of officials attacking each other. Although a political struggle has won today, if someone suggests that from now on, all those who have been convicted of greed for money will not be sentenced to death.
So I believe that the side who wins the battle will also support it. Who knows whether he will fall to the day when he loses the battle in the future? Who doesn’t want to leave more ways for himself?
When Cai Yong heard this moment, he felt that everything was beyond his cognition.
How could Li Su be so treacherous? He dissected the saint's learning so bloody?
Those who are born to know it are called saints.
There are really people who are born to know this in this world, otherwise, with Li Su's age and experience, it would be impossible to explain it at all.
"Don't be truly a talented person. I am willing to work hard to achieve this silence and participate in the grand event. I am not for fame and fortune, nor for the name of a saint, but for the purpose of making the people in the world less suffering from chaos and to educate the people in the world."
Chapter completed!