The second section competes with Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty

A trader has no place to live, so he does what is beneficial to his life. When he goes out to seek companions, he goes to his house and bids farewell to his father and brother. Father and brother teach each other, and when seeking profit, he does not seek fame. When seeking fame, he avoids it, but when seeking profit, he always makes money. Companions are tied to each other, and they sell fake products.

Do not betray your sincerity. If you make a good deal but give a false promise, you will gain and lose in your life. Since you are about to leave, you will never change your will to the death. You also understand the market words, and there will be no neighborliness. The stone is used to beat the arm bracelet, and the glutinous rice is used to blow the necklace. Return to the village

Sell, and knock it to make the sound of gold and stone. In the village, the women of the field house do not dare to compete with each other.

Under the leadership of Songtsen Gampo, Tibet continued to advance to the area south of Tanggula Mountain. Tubo claimed that this was to avoid harassment of Lhasa by some tribes. In fact, the power of the tribes around Tubo was very small and they could not pose a threat to Tibet at all.

Threat. The reason why Songtsen Gampo sent troops to invade the south was to expand his sphere of influence. Due to the strong strength of Tubo, these tribes were quickly wiped out.

After dominating the plateau, Songtsan Gampo still felt dissatisfied. His ambition made him want to get out of the plateau. After completing these things, Songtsan Gampo began to manage the eastern region. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Ganzi, Sichuan and Qamdo, Tibet, etc.

Most of the area and part of southern Qinghai were controlled by Tubo. He further extended his sphere of influence to the areas where Dangxiang and Tuyuhun lived. Tubo, which began to expand eastward, ushered in the most glorious moment in Tubo history.

Tuyuhun was originally a very powerful tribe in the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Among the things about Xianbei, we have introduced the process of establishing Tuyuhun in detail. The founder of Tuyuhun was a Xianbei people. He founded the country very early, in the fourth century AD. Tuyuhun was

His personal name is that he is one of the leaders of Murong Xianbei in Liaodong. Tuyuhun and his younger brother Murongwei competed for pasture, which led to discord between the brothers. In anger, Tuyuhun took his tribe and began to trek westward. In the end, they

He came to the Qinghai Lake in the northern Tibetan Plateau with abundant water and grass and settled down here. It was not until his grandson Ye Yan that the Tuyuhun regime was established. Maybe you still remember the story of Dr. Tuyuhun treating the eyes of Tubo Zampuda in the annual competition.

, indicating that Tuyuhun and Tubo were not two isolated regimes. They had a very close relationship very early on. At that time, Tuyuhun was very powerful militarily. It once invaded the Western Regions and occupied southern Xinjiang. At that time, Tubo had not yet risen.

Because Tuyuhun is located on the land transportation route between China and the West, it is famous for its convenient trade. It is said that Tuyuhun was the first tribe on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to accept Buddhism. In all aspects, Tuyuhun shows a high degree of civilization.

At the same time, there are Dangxiang and Bailan around the plateau. The geographical scope of Dangxiang is roughly Qinghai, Goluo, Huangnan, Hainan, Aba, Sichuan, Ganzi, and Gannan, Gansu. The activities are concentrated in the connecting areas of southeast Qinghai, southern Gansu, and northwest Sichuan.

.Dangxiang is the same as Tubo. There is also a legend of "macaques turning into humans". Chinese history books record that they come from Xiqiang, so some scholars suspect that Dangxiang is actually the "Dong" of the four original tribes of Tibet, Se, Mu, Dong and Dongzhong.

.Before Tubo unified the plateau, Dangxiang had always been a relatively powerful tribe, but their internal tribes were scattered and independent, which led to them often being attached to Tuyuhun.

Bailan initially moved in the northern part of Qinghai, but later their place of residence changed. The general geographical scope is in the Goluo and Haixi areas on the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Like Dangxiang, Bailan is a relatively strong tribe on the plateau. They are brave and good at fighting and have no presence in Tubo.

Before its rise, it had a close relationship with Tuyuhun. According to historical records, Bailan was the rear guard of Tuyuhun and often retreated here when the army was defeated.

Just as Tubo continued to advance eastward, the Tang Dynasty had already set its sights on Tuyuhun. And in 634 AD, the Tang Dynasty army attacked Tuyuhun. King Tuyuhun was killed by his generals in this war, and Prince Murong Shun surrendered to the Tang Dynasty.

, was named the Prince of Xiping County. However, before Murong Shun could secure his position as Khan, he followed the old path of his father Khan and was killed by his subordinates. Murong Shun's son Nuohebo was also canonized by the Tang Dynasty as the

The new Khan.

For Tuyuhun, this was just the beginning of his own misfortune. It did not become more stable and prosperous because of the protection of the Tang Dynasty. A closer and more powerful enemy had appeared around them, and that was Tubo. Originally, Tuyuhun and

There was no conflict between the Tibetans, but the Tang Dynasty rejected the Tubo proposal. This incident provided an excuse for Songtsan Gampo, so in 634 AD, Songtsan Gampo sent an envoy to Chang'an for the first time to meet with the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty.

, this time was the first formal official exchange between the Tang Dynasty and Tubo. Tang Taizong enthusiastically saved the Tubo envoys, and also sent envoys to follow the Tubo envoys back to the Tubo capital, bringing the Tang Emperor's best wishes and generous gifts.

Songtsan Gampo was very happy to meet Songtsen Gampo. He personally led all the civil and military officials out of the city to greet him, and held a grand dinner. The envoys of the Tang Dynasty introduced Songtsan Gampo to the customs and customs of the Tang Dynasty, and also learned that

The Turks, Dashi, etc. all expressed their desire to marry the princess to the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, he believed that it was necessary for Tubo to propose marriage proposals to the Tang Dynasty to strengthen bilateral relations.

In 636 AD, Songtsen Gampo once again sent an envoy carrying gold, silver, jewelry and Tibetan specialties, and followed the Tang envoy to Chang'an to propose marriage. Tang Taizong once again welcomed the arrival of the Tibetan envoy, but because the Tang Dynasty was not interested in this emerging country far away in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,

The Tang Dynasty was not familiar with the regime, so the Tang Dynasty did not think it was necessary to make a marriage alliance with Tubo and send a princess to such a remote and difficult environment. It may also be because there were too many tribes and countries that proposed marriage proposals to the Tang Dynasty at that time. If the Tang Dynasty agreed

If Tang Taizong refused to marry Tubo, there was no reason not to agree to proposals from other countries. Anyway, in the end Tang Taizong rejected the Tubo envoy, and Tubo's first proposal failed.

The Tibetan envoy failed to successfully complete the task assigned by Songtsen Gampo, and returned to the capital of Tubo with an uneasy mood. He reported to Songtsen Gampo in detail the entire process of going to the Tang Dynasty to propose marriage, and he also told the story of the failed proposal.

The blame was placed on Tuyuhun. He thought that Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was very polite to him at first, but later King Tuyuhun personally went to Chang'an to meet with Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, and said a lot of bad things about Tubo Zampu in front of Emperor Taizong, driving a wedge between the Tang Dynasty and Tubo.

relationship, so Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty rejected Tubo's proposal of marriage. Songtsen Gampo was furious after hearing these words, and he used this as an excuse to attack Tuyuhun.

In 638 AD, Tubo and Xiangxiong attacked Tuyuhun. The weak Tuyuhun was unable to resist the Tibetan coalition, so King Tuyuhun led his tribe to flee to the north of Qinghai Lake. From then on, the vast area south of Qinghai Lake was occupied by Tibet.

After occupying the Qinghai Lake, Tubo became the new overlord of Qinghai Lake. Taking advantage of the glory of victory, Tubo continued to attack Dangxiang, Bailan and other Qiang tribes who were closely related to Tuyuhun. Many small regimes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were defeated by the Tubo cavalry.

Under the threat, they all left the city and surrendered.

Although Songtsan Gampo also knew that the Tang Dynasty was very powerful, the aloof Songtsan Gampo never believed that there was a country in the world that he could not defeat. Especially after his proposal to the Tang Dynasty was rejected, Songtsan Gampo

They wanted to attack the Tang Dynasty. In August of that year, Tubo took advantage of the unpreparedness of the Tang army and attacked Songzhou. The unprepared Tang army was defeated by the Tubo, causing several states to surrender to the Tubo.

After the news reached Chang'an, the entire Tang Dynasty was shocked. Tang Taizong immediately made combat arrangements and asked Hou Junji, the then Minister of Civil Affairs, to serve as the general manager of the march and lead the army to attack Tubo. In September, the Tang Dynasty army

When they arrived at Songzhou City, the Tubo army was overwhelmed by the Tang army and lost more than 1,000 people.

After this battle, both Tibet and the Tang Dynasty were shocked. War is often the fastest way to strengthen bilateral or multilateral relations. Both sides felt that the strength of the other party should not be underestimated. So when Songtsen Gampo once again proposed to the Tang Dynasty,

When the time came, Tang Taizong readily agreed. The newly rising Tubo was naturally not a rival to the Tang Dynasty domestically, but after the first confrontation between the two sides, Tang Taizong already felt that Tubo was becoming a powerful force in the Tang Dynasty.

opponent.

Tuyuhun, Dangxiang, Bailan, I. The Tibetan army has almost traveled across the entire Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Almost all opponents have been defeated by their attacks. Tubo has achieved supreme glory. But Songtsen Gampo still feels unsatisfied because

There is another powerful opponent in the northwest of Tubo - Shang Hung. This opponent has always maintained complete independence and has not yet been surrendered by Tubo.

The relationship between Tubo and Shangshung was relatively harmonious. Songtsen Gampo also married King Shangshung's daughter Litman, and gave his sister to King Shangshung as his concubine, through marriage.

To strengthen the bilateral relations between the two countries. But these are two countries after all, not a simple relationship. As Tubo continues to grow, the conflicts between Tubo and surrounding tribes and countries are getting bigger and bigger. And Shangxiong, as the northwest of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,

Building a relatively powerful tribe will inevitably become a stumbling block on the way forward for Tubo. If Tubo wants to become more powerful, it must remove this stumbling block. There are not many pastures and farmland available in the plateau area, so in order to compete for these

East and West, the conflict between Tibet and Shang Shung intensified. As the conflicts between the two sides increased, the relationship between the two countries had reached the brink of collapse. Finally, during the reign of Songtsen Gampo, the war between the two countries was about to break out.

King Sang Hung loved his original princess very much, but Songtsen Gampo's sister had always been left out. A woman who is left out by her husband will feel a little lonely in her heart. King Sang Hung did not take his feelings into consideration at all.

This made him feel even more disappointed. In addition to being disappointed and sad, he didn't want to express his feelings to the king, so he hated him out of love. In fact, he was a woman who took the overall situation into consideration, and he didn't want to bother King Xiangxiong with these trivial matters.

.But King Shang Hung never considered everything she imagined for him. He only had his favorite woman in his heart. So Songtsen Gampo's sister had no choice but to drink to drown her sorrows all day long, and she was filled with anger in her heart.

Songtsen Gampo knew that his sister was not happy living in Zhangzhong, so he sent an envoy to visit him. When the envoy came to Zhangzhong, he happened to see the princess playing by a lake, and he hurriedly

He stepped forward to convey the greetings and wishes of Songtsen Gampo. The princess, who originally had illusions about King Hung Hung, was now completely disappointed. He ignored the messenger's words, but instead expressed the anger and hatred in his heart in a singing voice.

When the envoy was about to leave, the princess gave the envoy a turquoise turban and gave it to Songtsen Gampo. The meaning was that if you, brother, can conquer Zhang Hung, you can quickly lead your troops.

Songtsen Gampo was in the palace, waiting anxiously for the envoy to return and report to him the situation of his sister in a foreign country. The envoy finally came back. He met Songtsen Gampo immediately and presented the princess's gift to him.

Zampu also told Songtsan Gampo what he saw and heard. Songtsan Gampo lowered his head and said nothing with a gloomy face. After a while, he opened the gift given to him by his sister and found that there were 30 pills in it.

Turquoise. The Tubo tradition is that only men are qualified to wear turquoise. He knew in his heart that this was his sister hinting that he would be a man and a brave soldier to attack Xiangxiong. Songtsen Gampo immediately sent scouts to detect the enemy.

situation, and made an objective and rational analysis of the military strength of both sides. After sufficient analysis and preparation, Songtsen Gampo personally served as the generalissimo of the expedition against Zhang Shung and led the troops to attack Zhang Shung.

For example, when King Xiong heard that the Tibetan army was coming, he immediately imprisoned the Tibetan princess, and then sent people to the Tibetan military tent to tell Songtsen Gampo that if the Tibetan army continued to advance, the Tibetan princess would be killed first. Songtsen Gampo simply did not

Not following his tactics, after killing the Xiangxiong envoy, he immediately led the vanguard to attack.

Xiang Xiong's army was brave and skilled in fighting, and Tubo's vanguard troops encountered stubborn resistance from Xiang Xiong's army. Originally, Tubo planned to destroy Xiang Xiong in one fell swoop, but now it seems that it is impossible to achieve, so a tug-of-war between the two sides began.

.

King Xiang Hung learned that the Tibetan vanguard troops were in a stalemate with Xiang Xiong's front army. King Xiang Hung immediately issued an order, saying that before the Tibetan army had completely invaded Shang Hung, all cities in the country were in a state of emergency war. He also called on the military and civilians across the country to unite.

They agreed that we must defend the country at all costs until the enemy is driven out. A clear reward system was also clarified. If one Tibetan soldier is killed, a sheep can be rewarded. If ten Tibetan soldiers are killed,

Reward a cow. If someone can kill a Tibetan general, he will be rewarded with hundreds of horses and be promoted to an official. If someone can directly kill Songtsen Gampo, he can be directly named the prime minister.

As the saying goes, there must be brave men under heavy rewards. The soldiers and civilians of Zhangxiong were united. The Tibetan army made very slow progress and suffered heavy losses. After three years of brutal war, the Tibetan army invaded the capital of Xiangxiong. The Tibetan army was like a tide.

Before rushing into the capital of Xiangxiong, King Xiangxiong had always dreamed of fighting a fierce battle with Tubo. But he never expected that the Tubo army would invade his capital overnight. Xiong's army was caught off guard. Even Xiangxiong

The guards around the king forgot their duties in panic, like the Bear King, who was beheaded by Tubo in the chaos. At this point, the Shang Shung Kingdom disappeared, and Tubo expanded its territory to eastern Kashmir.

area.

After the battle like a bear, Songtsan Gampo had completely conquered the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. At the celebration banquet, Songtsan Gampo couldn't control his joy, so he sang to his heart's content.

Ah! What is the name of the king?

It is Chisongzan.

What is the name of the minister?

It is the Song Dynasty in Dongzan region.

We, you and your ministers, the Yalong River is short,

Extending from Duokang to Tibet;

The Yalong River is narrow,

Expand from south to north,

Victory in all directions without opening a canal.

We wait for you and your ministers,

You will never abandon your subjects.

If a king abandons his ministers,

Then it is better to guard the horizon;

If a minister betrays the king,

Then he should be severely punished.

Songtsan Gampo expressed his unprecedented achievements in this way, and at the same time he did not forget to warn his ministers to behave themselves. At this banquet, Songtsan Gampo also stricted the system between monarch and ministers, requiring all ministers to strictly abide by it.

The monarch's edict. As the Tubo Kingdom becomes increasingly powerful, if you want to govern such a huge country, like every country we mentioned before, as the territory expands, you will inevitably need to re-establish a complete set of governance systems.

system. To ensure that the country is in order, Songtsen Gampo fell into deep thought about this matter. He had many things to think about. First of all, this system must be practical and feasible. The most important thing is that the final rights of this system must be certain.
To be continued...