The tools to be manufactured next are more sophisticated and require accurate sizes. The cultivated new fields also need to be measured, so the length standard needs to be determined first.
How to set standards?
What is the standard?
Historically, the length standards of the ancients were also varied.
Some use corn, some use arms, some use height, and some use steps.
There is a common problem with these standards, which is that they are not universal. It is difficult for others to copy and reproduce according to this standard.
The varieties and origins of corn are different, and the sizes of corn are very different. Large grains of corn are two or three times larger than small grains of corn, which is normal. Then, one zhang will become two or three zhang, which will cause chaos.
Arm length, height, step length, etc., the same is true.
After understanding this common problem, Ye Qing wanted to use a constant object as a standard, and then formulate a set of systematic measurement standards that can be copied without major errors and can be correlated and calculated.
No matter when and where, this standard can be basically constant.
Only in this way can the standards that can be copied and reproduced have vitality and lay a solid foundation for some of your subsequent plans.
Just like the definition of rice in modern society, 1 meter is the length of light traveling in a vacuum within 1/299792458 seconds, so the speed of light is about 300,000 meters per second.
So, in this primitive era where there are no professional instruments and the observation and measurement methods are extremely backward and almost nothing, how should he determine a relatively constant standard as a benchmark?
Use rice, and the length of five hundred grains arranged next to each other is one meter?
With height, your height is only one meter?
If you use a copper ruler, just cast a copper ruler, it is hard and only one meter?
...
He felt sorry for his identity as a time traveler, which made the time traveler embarrassed.
He thought of water.
For naturally drooping water droplets, each drop contains very close to the number of water molecules. If the accuracy requirements are not high, it is often the same weight.
He is going to use water droplets as the standard.
A drop of water weighs about 50 mg and a milliliter of water 20 drops.
The weight standard has been determined, and the length and volume units can be specified through the weight standard.
At room temperature, the density of water is about 1.0 grams per milliliter, 20,000 drops of water are 1,000 grams, and the volume is 1 liter.
Then specify that the volume of 1,000 grams of water is equal to the volume of a cube with a side length of one decimeter.
In this way, degree, quantity and scale are established around water, which is common in nature.
Anyone, anywhere, can reproduce the weights and measures in this way.
Although there will be some errors, the error is much smaller than using human body parts or arranging corn.
In the era before large-scale industrial production with low requirements, it was enough.
The theory is like this. When operating, it stumped him when volume converts length.
Question: The density of water is known to be 1.0 grams per milliliter. Under current conditions, how to use 1,000 grams of water to get a length of one decimeter?
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Relying on his golden fingers, Ye Qing finally got the exact one decimeter. After getting the exact one decimeter, it was very easy to make a rice ruler.
One meter is ten meters. Use a compass or a bamboo board with one decimeter as a radius, draw ten times on a copper ruler, copy one decimeter ten times, and it will be one meter.
He cast a rice ruler with pure copper, polished it smoothly, carved it on the scale and inlaid it with tin in the scale groove.
This ruler is a standard ruler and is not used daily.
He cast several more triangular rulers for woodworking.
This is the ruler used every day.
Of course, saws, chisels, planes, drills, and ink buckets are indispensable when doing carpentry.
Ink buckets require ink.
Ye Qing then scraped off the soot from the pottery cauldron, put on water, and added a little diluted fish bladder glue to make a simple ink.
Chisels and planes are not difficult to make.
The most difficult thing in casting is the saw.
There is no problem with the mold. The problem is that when serrated casting, it is difficult to cast small and sharp fangs due to the surface tension of the metal liquid.
If you rely on polishing, it will take too much effort.
Finally, Ye Qing thought of a stupid solution.
He cast a pair of special extra-large scissors, casting copper plates into the shape of a saw blade, and used this extra-large scissor to cut out the serrated teeth.
In carpentry, the most difficult thing to manufacture is hand drilling.
The drill bit is not difficult, and the difficulty lies in the drilling body. It requires flexible rotation and cannot be too loose.
There are two types of manual drills, bow rope drill and gyro drill.
Gyro drills have limitations and can only drill holes standing upright.
Bow rope drills are highly applicable, but they are more difficult to make.
...
After various tools were prepared, Ye Qing started doing woodworking.
The first farm tools that need to be made are plows, rakes, and chao.
These are the three major items of Shuishi.
All bronze casts are plowshares and plow walls, and wooden parts such as shafts, tips, bottoms, arrows, vans, and yokes are needed.
The ox yoke is a ox neck. The existing ox yoke is crudely made and needs to be remade.
Otherwise, it's a tycoon.
The plow used by the tribe was a straight-rod plow, which Ye Qing directly abandoned and made the kind of curved plows that later generations.
Ye Qing chose the wood and popped it out with an ink bucket, so that several tribesmen could roughly process it with saws and axes.
The place where the Quaru Plow is innovative lies in the Quaru Plow.
It is difficult to find wood with suitable natural curvature. Ye Qing uses wood with branched branches instead. Remove one fork of the Y-shaped branch, and leave a fork and a trunk, which is a perfect curved embryo.
The structure of the rake is simple, with two straight woods slightly raised in front of the left and right, and two wooden boards arranged in the front and back in the middle.
Rake teeth are casually installed on wooden boards.
The difficulty lies in installing rake teeth. There are many rake teeth and many holes that need to be chiseled.
The difficulty of the collar is also when installing collar teeth. When using it, the stress of the collar teeth is much stronger than that of the rake teeth. In order to prevent the cross-wood where the collar teeth are installed, Ye Qing is still in the gap between the collar teeth, with copper rings placed between them for reinforcement.
The plows and rakes were ready to make 50 sets. For this reason, Ye Qing divided the tribe into several groups and carried out flow operations.
This chapter is not over, please click on the next page to continue reading! A group is specifically responsible for rough processing of wood.
One group is responsible for polishing.
A group of digging and cutting mortise and tenon.
There is also a group responsible for installation.
No one can replace Ye Qing’s work.
He took the ink bucket and a triangle ruler to draw ink lines.
When processing trees into blast materials, lines are required, and when polished parts are dug and mortise and tenon, lines are required.
The tribe members looked at the various ink lines drawn by Ye Qing, and were unaware of it.
Ye Qing wasted a lot of talk and explained to them where to keep it and where to cut it off.
The tribe members' spatial imagination is still a little poor, after all, they have never been exposed to it.
Finally, after demonstrating and providing guidance, and making some rough materials, the clan members suddenly realized.
The tribe used to do woodworking, but that kind of woodworking had no design at all. It was entirely based on the feeling that the pieces made were original works of art, and no two woodworks had the same specifications.
Woodworking starts with processing logs.
Axe and saw are on the same level.
The Axe tribe has used it and it is very easy to use.
The tribe members who were assigned to the saw looked at the new tool like the saw, which had never been seen before, and were puzzled and expected.
The tools Ye Qing made are all good things. What kind of magical artifact is this thin gold bar with sharp teeth on one side?
Ye Qingxian demonstrated.
He asked Lulu to cooperate with him, and the two of them held one end of the saw respectively.
After explaining the key points, the two of them pushed and pulled the saw.
Lulu was indeed very talented and quickly understood the key points of sawing and cooperated well with Ye Qing.
The saw gradually scattered into the wood.
The thigh-thick wood was quickly sawed off.
Looking at the unsmooth but extremely smooth section, the tribe members reached out to touch it.
This is another impact on them.
In the past, if they wanted to get such a smooth surface, they had to polish it.
But it takes too long to polish the flowers and is also very tiring. It is far from being as fast and labor-saving as a saw, and the effect is better.
They were whispering and rubbing the section and were unwilling to let go.
After seeing a piece of wood with Ye Qing, Lulu has mastered the tricks and can operate it independently.
Ye Qing separated from him and matched with another new hand.
After several rounds, all the people who were distributing the sawing of wood got started.
After the tribe members sawed all the wood that needed to be cut, they basically mastered the tricks of sawing.
They were shocked to see piles of neatly cut wood.
In the past, the method of cutting wood for tribe members was very primitive, but also full of wisdom.
They first set up the places that need to be cut off, and then set fire to the fire below.
After burning, slowly clear the burnt part with a stone adze, and then continue burning and continue to plan until the wood is cut off.
Compared to cutting directly with a stone axe, cutting directly with a stone adze and burning with fire, it is indeed much faster and more labor-saving.
This is the fastest way they think.
This is also the best method in an era when tools are lacking, which is full of the wisdom of our ancestors.
But now after seeing the effect of the saw, they realized that there is such a clever, fast, labor-saving and good effect in cutting wood.
This refreshed their views!
When the wooden board was processed, the tribe members were so excited that they were almost crazy.
Wooden boards, for tribes with only stone tools, are quite expensive products and luxury goods.
The tribe's wooden boards are made by using wedges to separate the entire log piece by piece, then polish, grind, and polish...
It is completely dependent on the stone axe and stone adze bit by bit.
It takes time for the boss to take...
The tribe members have never seen large, thin and flat wooden boards made from saws like today.
For tribes, this is a high-tech product that is higher than that of a technology era.
They looked at the saw in their hands, their eyes were frenzy, as if they were holding peerless rare treasures.
Chapter completed!