On the 16th day of the first lunar month of the seventh year of Kayei (February 13, 1854 in the Western calendar), Admiral Perry of the U.S. East Tianzhu Fleet suddenly broke into Edo Bay with seven black ships. The anchorage was near Kobaichong southeast of Yokohama Village.

On the twenty-seventh day of the first lunar month (February 24th), the Powhatan sailed to the coast of Shinagawa Port in Edo, triggering a great riot in Edo.

On the same day, Egawa Tarozaemon rode a fast horse to the scene. The next day, as Admiral Perry wished, the shogunate agreed to set the negotiation location at Yokohama Village near the anchorage of the Kurofune, and there would be no further debate on this issue.

On the 28th of the first lunar month (February 25), Perry's deputy Adams led 30 people to Yokohama Village for on-site inspection. Afterwards, Perry recognized that the negotiation location would be Yokohama Village, and the shogunate began to urgently build a reception hall.

On March 8 of the Western calendar, which was the twenty-fourth day of the second visit of the black ship, the negotiators from both sides finally met officially.

On that day, the Mi people started with a seventeen-gun salute. Accompanied by a military band, more than 500 naval troops filed ashore. Leader Lin led everyone to greet them at the pier. The person in charge of the scene was a group of 400 soldiers from the shogunate's large division.

There are fifty people in the Uraga Administrative Office and the same strength, and there are more than three thousand elite soldiers from the Hikone Domain and other four families stationed outside.

The two sides had previously discussed the number of troops that would appear in Yokohama Village. The head of Lin University thought that the number should be equal, and if his own troops were slightly smaller, it would show his magnanimity.

Although the temporary clubhouse was hastily built within ten days, the decoration inside is still very exquisite. Decorations such as calligraphy and painting, large vases and screens can be seen everywhere, and the ground is covered with floors and straw mats, which fully reflects the strength of the shogunate and its commitment to this negotiation.

of attention.

When you walk into the club, you can see a long table with more than a dozen chairs neatly placed on both sides - this was prepared in advance taking into account the habits of Mi people.

People from both sides sat down together, and then the interpreters from both sides introduced the identities of their main members:

There were six Americans present, headed by Admiral Perry, fleet commander Adams, secretary Oliver Perry (son of Admiral Perry), Captain Abbott of the Macedonian, Dutch translator Portman, and Dutch translator Portman.

Translated by Williams.

There are many people who have come forward in Fuso, mainly the head of the university, Hayashi Rin, including Ido Kakuhiro, who is appointed by Edo Kita Town, Tadōtoku Mizuno, who is appointed by Kaizen, Hideryu Egawa, who is appointed by Ginmi, Toshihi Mikafuhori, and Umefu U.

The head of the palace, Rui, the Confucian official Matsuzaki Mitaro, the interpreter Hidenosuke and Tateiwa Dejuro, there were nine people in total!

In fact, there are still several people hiding behind the club - the people who went to Nagasaki to negotiate with the Russian special envoy Pu Jatin have returned, and the shogunate also sent them to Yokohama Village to help, but there are too many people to seat these talents.

There were five in total who did not show up, Masanori Kanai, Shomo Kawaji, Tadayun Oguri, Shigemitsu Arao and Masuichi Koga.

"The credentials were submitted last year. What's your reply?" After the two sides exchanged greetings, the Mi people were the first to attack. The reason why they said it was an "attack" was because it was obvious that the shogunate did not want to agree. Otherwise, there would have been ten disputes that even changed the negotiation venue.

How many days?

"I, the King of Fuso, are newly established. The ceremony is complicated and the government affairs are backlogged. Please wait until next year to discuss the grand event mentioned in your country's credentials." The first time Lin Da spoke, he was ready to postpone it for another year.

It sounds like a good excuse, but Mi Ren refused it before - the head of Lin University said so before the formal negotiation. But while Perry expressed his condolences, he said, "I have traveled thousands of miles and lost time.

Nai Ye. If you are told that you are going to die, hang up the sail and remove your ears. If you still can't survive, please go directly to Edo to decide. Otherwise, you will stay at Shinagawa to await punishment." The meaning is expressed very clearly, "It is not easy for me to come here.

The result is that you can’t just leave!”

The shogunate repeated the same old tune, and Perry was certainly not satisfied. He said nakedly, "The United States covers thousands of miles and has thousands of warships. If you don't calm down now, then I will come back to negotiate with warships that are ten times the size of today."

This is almost a declaration of war, and Perry also accused Fuso of his attitude toward the drifters, saying that he "neither cares about others nor his own people, and disregards morality. How can we call it a great country?" This is a reference to the shipwrecked ships and personnel of our Mi people.

You don't care, and you don't care about Fuso's own shipwrecked ships and drifting people. Is this something a serious person can do?

get mad

Perry then walked away.

The seven shogunate negotiators looked at each other. The shogunate governed Fusang with Zhu Xi's Confucianism. This "benevolence, justice, etiquette, wisdom, and trust" was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and it deceived many of their own people into lameness. Therefore, the head of Lin University felt that what Perry said was right. The drifters'

The issue really needs to be discussed.

So after he took Perry away, he called everyone together and asked what to do now, but his words already showed that he could talk.

At this time, the five ministers at the back also came to the front, plus the seven who came forward. Everyone stared at each other. We can't decide whether to talk about it or not. We should quickly ask the elders of Edo to make decisions.

Okay! ——Although there were only nine people who came forward to negotiate, after Mito left, the interpreter Horanosuke and Tateiwa Dejuro took the initiative and consciously ran outside the club to stay, "I should be satisfied if I can get a chair this time."

Well, last time we were sitting on the floor."

Afraid that the messenger would not understand, ten of the twelve important ministers went back to Edo to report - the two who stayed behind were Ekawa Tarozaemon and Matsuzaki Mitaro. When Ekawa left Edo, the old ministers specially

He asked him to stay at the scene before the negotiation was completed - this was because he was afraid that Jiang Chuan would spread depressing words everywhere, and leaving Jiang Chuan alone would look bad. Besides, Yokohama Village must have someone to witness anything, so Confucian official Matsuzaki

Mantaro was also left to keep Jiang Chuan company.

These people came back on the fourth day after leaving, expressing their approval for us to continue talking.

It turns out that the shogunate convened another major appraisal meeting. At that time, most of the princes and shogunate banners agreed to help each other's drifters and open ports of refuge and supply ports - didn't it mean that locking down the country was the ancestral law? You turned around too quickly.

In fact, this conclusion is not surprising at all:

In the 13th year of Tenpo (1842 Western calendar), the shogunate abolished the "Foreign Ship Disposal Order" and replaced it with the "Fuel Fresh Water Supply Order", allowing the provision of clean water, food and fuel to the Nanban ships in distress - this law was later

It is called the "Tianbao Wage Order".

Everyone at the evaluation meeting said in unison that the port of refuge, supply port and the "Tianbao Salary Order" seemed to be prohibitive for trade, but these two items could be negotiated with the drifters.

So is there any big difference between the ports of refuge and supply required by Perry and the "Tianbao Salary Order"? In fact, there are still some:

First of all, the salary order is an internal decree of Fuso and has never been officially notified to other countries - the shogunate is afraid that Nanman ships will swarm after hearing about it. To put it bluntly, this is a passive defense measure to avoid disputes.

Secondly, the salary order clearly requires that the Southern Barbarians are not allowed to land, that is to say, get out of the way as soon as you get the supplies! This is a law that you cannot afford to hide from.

Finally, the salary order stipulates that the drifters from foreign countries can be rescued, but these Nanman ghosts must be captured and sent to Nagasaki, and then sent away by the Orchid Kingdom Trading Post - the shogunate does not care where they are sent. As for Fuso's own drifters, if

Being sent back, sorry, we don’t want it!

In fact, the princes and shogunate ministers understand the difference very well, but now that others are knocking on the door, let’s not worry about the difference. Let’s fool the Mi people first and then talk about it - the Mi people are already in Edo Bay.

There were nine black ships. They were majestic and huge. Some of them were spewing smoke and fire. They looked quite scary.

Since the higher-ups asked us to continue, let's continue. The day after returning from Edo, the top leaders of Lin University invited Perry and others back, and the two sides continued negotiations.

On March 13, 1854 in the Western calendar, the 29th day of the second visit of the Kurofune, the shogunate and Perry held a second round of negotiations.

Perry changed his face this time and spoke softly. As soon as they met, he took out the text of the "Wangxia Agreement" signed between the United States and China in 1844, "How about just following this? I think it's good."

What a fart!

The "Wangxia Agreement" is also known as the "Five Ports Trade Agreement". Just by hearing the name, you know that Hong Kong will be opened for trade. Head Lin took out a book with a smile. Although Perry could not understand the text, the Lan language translation said that the book was called

"Summary of the Agreement between Western Countries", Perry was furious at that time - what bastard gave this thing to Fusang! Oh, it was Lan Wen, and it was the bastard of Lan who did it!

He subconsciously felt that something was wrong. He thought that the other party was a group of rookies, but when he took a closer look,

What emerged was a veteran. Who am I? Where am I?

But Perry is a man with a plan. Lin Datou’s move didn’t make him sweat. The negotiations have just begun. Let’s wait and see!

Both parties did nothing all morning, both reading the text provided by the other party. Finally, it was time to leave at noon. Perry yelled, "wait!" which made the top leaders of Lin University jump, but what was waiting for him was rice.

People brought out a lot of gifts.

It turned out that Perry made full preparations before going on the mission:

Not only did he obtain a large amount of information from merchant ships, whalers and various newspapers that sailed to the North Pacific, he also spent a huge sum of US$20,000 to buy Fuso's map from Siebold.

At the same time, he also brought a large number of gifts, such as steam locomotive models, wired telegraph machines, wine, champagne, perfume, cameras, telescopes, Western sabers, ordnance, etc.

As for the gift, why didn’t you bring it out last year?

One was that he would not let go of the eagle before he saw the rabbit, and the other was because Perry was afraid of causing the other party to misjudge and think that he was weak and could be bullied. But this time he brought nine warships and he no longer had such worries. This is called "a big stick in one hand and an olive branch in the other"!

And it’s not like Perry didn’t bring them out at all last time—when he left, he gave “Uraga No. 1” Kaoyama Zaemon a lot of gifts, but Kaoyama is a complete Xibei guy. After receiving the gifts, he tossed and turned, and the last one

His teeth were secretly burned. Perry had a heart attack on the spot when he found out about this.

Seeing the dazzling array of gifts, the first-class people in Lin University were indeed surprised - this Mi Yi, who was so menacing, actually knew how to be polite. At least the gifts were quite generous, and everyone from the public to the middle-aged and middle-aged people were present.

As the saying goes, it is not strange to be polite to many people. Although this ritual is not the other ritual, the situation has eased.

After both parties had lunch - the shogunate was very well prepared this time, there were nearly a thousand people present, but the food was all ready, Perry invited everyone to see the foreign stuff:

It turned out that Perry had someone build a demonstration steam locomotive model and a wired telegraph machine nearby.

This steam locomotive model is a small train plus a track. After running, people can sit in the special carriage of the steam locomotive and circle around on the track - it is actually a big toy, but it looks very interesting.

The operation of the wired telegraph machine also brought out bursts of exclamations. They actually communicated with each other through such a long line without shouting!

The steam locomotive ran on its own without any external force, and the wired telegraph was a hundred miles away. Perry was full of joy. He felt that this time he would definitely surprise these Fuso "Indians".

But something unexpected happened - after the two items were set up, there were a lot of Fuso sergeants watching, and there were endless exclamations. Perry thought that these officials in the shogunate would have the same reaction, but it turned out not to be the case at all.

thing!

Lin University's top classmate was quite interested and even went up to do it, but his demeanor was a little dissatisfying.

Perry was surprised, "Why are you dissatisfied? Don't pretend to be calm if you haven't seen it before!"

He asked the translator to inquire, and the result was beyond Perry's expectation. Lin University leaders felt that "the decoration of the steam locomotive is too simple, the special small carriage is a bit stiff to sit on", and "the cable telegraph box is not gorgeous enough".

"What a ghost." Admiral Perry was angry and immediately retorted, "What should it look like if it's not simple, stiff, or gorgeous?"

After the translator passed the message, the leaders of Lin University laughed but did not answer.

After studying the book for a day, Perry returned to the ship with great interest-not to mention, the "Summary of the Agreement between Western Countries" given by Fuso was quite interesting.

Perry is not a professional negotiator. Some of the content mentioned in this book is the first time he has seen it. As the father of steamships in the United States, Perry is a technical admiral. He really feels that it is a bit eye-opening.

However, the uneasiness in Perry's heart became stronger and stronger. He felt that things seemed to be a little out of control, but he didn't care too much - after all, we have strong ships and cannons, and "the truth is only within the range of the cannons."
Chapter completed!