By the early dynasty, that is, the era we mentioned before, people understood through the belief in gods that there was an afterlife after death. However, the gods believed that if a certain part of the body rotted, then this

Some of it will be lost forever in the next life.

So our ancestors began to use a kind of gauze soaked in rosin to wrap the corpse layer by layer, and outline the appearance of the corpse on the corpse. However, this technique failed because it did not take into account the decay of internal organs and muscles.

.

At this point, our ancestors also realized that our human internal organs are most susceptible to decay first, so they considered taking out the internal organs first when making mummies. Although this method is correct, the ancestors of this era had little embalming technology.

It is still very backward, so very few of the remains of some pharaohs can be preserved. Judging from the current antiseptic technology, although the internal organs and other things can be preserved in jars, it is a pity that the remains rot.

At this point, our ancestors had a strong obsession with the afterlife, so they did not want to give up, and they were unwilling to give up. This led to improvements in technology, mainly dehydration technology, and the birth of artificial dehydration technology.

Making mummies has become an industry. There is a group of special dehydrators and embalmers. Of course, there are also workshops dedicated to making mummies. As a result, not only the pharaohs will be mummies after their death, but also senior people.

They would also be mummified after death, which led some relatively wealthy freedmen to follow suit.

Eventually, the mummy-making technology was constantly updated, reaching the point of perfection. The embalming technology of corpses also reached its peak, and the corpse-bandaging technology at this time was more sophisticated and skillful than in any previous era.

The technology to restore the face of the dead reached an unprecedented peak during this period.

But the entire mummy making process is very complicated and cumbersome. Let’s take a look at it:

First of all, this requires medical treatment of the corpse. In today's modern terms, it means taking out all the perishable internal organs of the corpse. Generally, a wound is made on the side of the corpse and the liver is taken out.

Lungs, intestines and other internal organs, but the heart must be preserved because our ancestors believed that the heart is the organ that governs thinking and wisdom and must be kept in the body. In addition, the brain of the deceased needs to be dug out from the nostrils through the ethmoid bone. We don’t care whether our ancestors are

Whether it was a copper hook or some other tool, the brain was taken out in this way.

Then the viscera and corpse must be embalmed separately. First, the dehydrator uses salt to absorb the water from the viscera taken out of the deceased. Then he soaks the viscera with ointment or rosin liquid, and then puts them in a process called

Kapinook's jar will eventually be buried in the mausoleum.

As for the body, it needs to be disinfected, and the natron wrapped in cloth and some other temporary fillers are filled in the body, and then placed in dry natron powder. It takes about forty years.

After a few days, all the water in the corpse will be dried out. Finally, the incision on the left side of the corpse will be sewn up, and then the skin with the eyes of Horus will be attached. As for the function of this skin, the ancestors believed that it was

Has healing and protective properties.

The last step is to provide final protection to the corpse. First, the processed corpse must be coated with rosin solution and thick ointment. This is to avoid direct contact between the air and the corpse and inhibit natural chemical reactions. Then there is the torso.

Fingers, palms, feet, etc. are all wrapped in white linen in turn, and then a wooden prosthetic nose is installed on the face of the deceased to prevent the real nose from being damaged by extracting the brain from it. In the same way, like this

If so, fake eyeballs are placed in the eye sockets, and finally the deceased's hands are folded on the chest and placed inside the coffin, and sometimes a coffin cover is added to the outside of the coffin.

This is the entire mummy-making process. Perhaps many of us will feel that besides cruelty, there are no other factors involved in the mummy-making process, right? But this is from our modern thinking point of view, but to say

I personally think it’s cruel, right? It’s actually not very cruel, because today we still use fire to burn corpses into ashes. Isn’t this the same concept as the so-called bone-crushing poplar ashes in ancient China? But we

We are all civilized people today, so we don’t think there is anything wrong with these things. Okay, okay, let’s not talk about the level of cruelty.

Now we have to understand that in fact, during the process of making mummies, our ancestors were actually decomposing the human body. This would allow our ancestors to more accurately understand the structure of the human body and even the functions of each organ. We

As the saying goes, if you want to defeat something, you must first understand the situation, so this has indirectly led to the rapid advancement of medical treatment!

The concept of doctors in this era is similar to that of doctors in modern large hospitals today. Each doctor only treats one disease. It can be said that there are a large number of specialist doctors in various parts of the empire, including ophthalmology, dentistry, brain surgery, and anorectal surgery.

, internal medicine, etc.

The medical skills of these doctors are very superb, simply beyond the imagination of modern humans today. Let’s compare a few examples. For example, in this era, some people started craniotomy treatment. To put it bluntly, craniotomy treatment is to drill holes in the skull.

Treatment. At this time, some people may say, isn’t it just to punch a few holes in the skull? How difficult is that?

This matter is indeed not difficult, but people will die! Doctors open the skull because other things in the brain need to be taken out, and they also need to ensure that the person does not die. Moreover, we must know that anesthetics in this era are not yet mature.

, think about how painful it is to drill holes in the head, right?

And more importantly, even if the bad things are taken out of the brain, how can we ensure that the brain is not damaged? And this is a big wound, how can we ensure that it will not be infected? You know, our ancestors were not sterile.

There are no more sterile conditions in the operating room. Have you ever thought about drilling a hole in the skull? Even if the operation is successful, what should be used to patch it? Not to mention that this was a problem in the ancestors' time.

In our modern era of high-tech civilization, this is not an easy problem to deal with.

However, our ancestors were able to disinfect, stop bleeding, suture, etc. From this, it is not difficult to see that our ancestors’ medical skills were so superb that we today are baffled by them. As for how to repair the hole in the skull, in fact, our ancestors provided the above instructions.

Covered with gold foil or dried pumpkin peel.

But no matter what, this kind of medical technology is very difficult to achieve even in our high-tech civilization today, and ordinary hospitals can't do it. This is a hole in the head, no joke.

Then let’s take a look at the level of other aspects of medical treatment. For example, in terms of internal medical treatment, wine, honey, herbal rhizomes, velvet antlers, tortoise shells, animal fats, etc. are generally used, and then made into medicines. In most cases, the treatment is taken orally. And in

In terms of surgery, if it is a burn or ulcer, it is usually treated with external application. If it is a cyst or tumor, it is cut with a knife. If it is a fracture and dislocation, it will be wrapped to help the recovery.

However, it is worth mentioning that in addition to using knives as surgical instruments, our ancestors' surgeons also used scissors, hooks and so on. Anyway, the surgical instruments are very complete. Our ancestors even understood that after completing the surgical operation, they also needed

Make a bandage out of linen, apply honey and medicinal herbs, and bandage the wound very carefully to facilitate better healing.

Finally, let’s talk about the power of these medicines from our ancestors. There are about forty kinds of medicines that can treat various diseases. They have relatively complete prescriptions, names of medicines, how to take them, applicable dosages, etc.

Next, let’s talk about among all the medical records, there is one sentence that is very shocking to us modern people. We need to understand that our ancestors still existed in the construction of a mythical empire, but at this time, there is something like this in the medical records.

In a sentence: The brain is the organ that controls the lower limbs, not the lower limbs themselves. This sentence is excerpted from "Smith's Papyrus", and "Smith's Papyrus" is excerpted from "General Theory of Medicine" written in 1,700 BC

, "General Introduction to Medicine", there is no author's signature on it, so this sentence has a certain sense of mystery. I think it is mysterious, but as for everyone, I don't quite understand it.

Today, I don’t know how to explain that this sentence was born in the "General Theory of Medicine" written by my ancestors. The only thing I can say is that it is shocking!!!

Because I don’t know how this ancestor doctor understood this. I feel that if I decompose the body myself, I would never be able to understand this kind of thing. This is just like Dr. Harvey later discovered that blood is constantly flowing in our human bodies.

It was flowing, and according to the circumstances of the time, the discovery of this kind of thing was simply shocking! Please forgive me for my lack of words. Regarding this kind of thing, I really don’t know how to describe it other than shocking.

Okay, after talking about this, we understand that the great progress our ancestors made in medical treatment is almost the same as our modern medical level. If we think about it, this can make a hole in the head.

Okay, this is definitely not a joke to us modern people, but what should we say about this matter? In fact, when doctors treat patients, they usually say that it is a disease. The so-called disease is the manifestation of the devil at work in the human body. Therefore,

Strictly speaking, the concepts of medical skills and gods have only begun to blur, rather than being completely distinguished.

However, our ancestors have reached this level of medical treatment, but they have not yet solved the problem of sanitary napkins. This does make me feel a little heartbroken. This may be related to the concept that bleeding is unlucky for women, right? But for girls?
Chapter completed!