So Kutuzov chose his position near the village of Borodino, 124 kilometers west of Moscow. The Kurgannaya Plateau is high above the surrounding terrain, with a wide field of vision. The front is 8 kilometers wide, and the right wing is

On the Moskva River, there is an impassable forest on the left, and forests and shrubs on the rear, which can hide the reserve army. On the position, the Russian army built complete defenses such as multi-faceted fortresses and obtuse forts. Kutuzov tried to use

Active defense methods achieve the goal of destroying the French army to the greatest extent.

On September 7, Napoleon led an army of 130,000 men and began to attack. However, fighting on terrain that had long been unfavorable to Napoleon himself caused him to lose the mobility of his army. It was impossible to encircle the position from both sides.

It's possible. If you make a detour from the south, it will only disperse and weaken the troops, which may lead to being defeated one by one. So in the end, Napoleon had no choice but to adopt a frontal assault. He chose a relatively narrow area and adopted the strategy of breaking through the Russian defense line and going straight into the enemy's rear.

Carry out a strong attack.

At the beginning of the battle, both sides launched an attack with artillery fire. In an instant, thousands of artillery fires were fired, smoke was everywhere, huge roars were heard everywhere, and soil was flying on the position. From time to time, a large number of soldiers were killed.

The scene, with minced meat flying all over the sky, and the wounded soldiers screaming, is definitely a hell on earth, but war is such a scene. In fact, no major war has ever happened in our human history since ancient times.

The changes are all scenes of bloody flesh and rivers of blood. We must understand that Napoleon was best at using artillery, so it was under the cover of this artillery that the ferocious French army caused the Russian army to retreat.

Locha River, because under the bombardment of artillery, many fortresses and other things were blown down. Of course, the soldiers inside must have a chance of narrow escape. Even if they survived, they were seriously injured, either missing arms or legs.

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Now that the Russian army had been forced to retreat, the French army hurriedly pursued it, but they encountered fierce Russian artillery counterattacks, which forced the French army to retreat again. At 6 o'clock in the morning, the French army

The French army stormed towards the Obtuse Forts. Although they had the advantage in numbers and firepower, these Obtuse Forts were very strong, so the French army was still repelled again because there were a large number of casualties and they were unable to capture these Obtuse Forts.

At about 7 o'clock in the morning, the French army started a new round of attack. This time the French army captured an obtuse fortress on the left at a very heavy cost of casualties, but it was recaptured by the Russian army with a fierce counterattack.

At this time, both sides have strengthened their forces, and neither side wants to drag it out any longer, because the longer it drags on, the greater the casualties will become.

After the French army increased its strength, it directly launched a third attack on the two obtuse-angle forts, and the Russian army was not to be outdone. After all, the Russian army had always retreated. In addition to retreating, it still retreated. This led to Russia

Domestic public opinion continues, and the other thing is that the soldiers in the Russian army are also very angry. Therefore, for the Russian soldiers, this is the first large-scale battle, so they are eager to show that they are not cowards, they are very powerful.

, so the fighting spirit was very high, so they put up extremely tenacious resistance in the Obtuse Angle Fort. Even in the end, the Russian soldiers seemed to have gone crazy. A large number of corpses were everywhere, and the Obtuse Angle Fort changed hands several times. These

The Russian soldiers took back the Obtuse Fort again and again while stepping on the corpses of their own people, and each time they suffered heavy casualties.

But this also shows Kutuzov's art of formation: he arranged the Russian army's battle formations in depth, with a depth of three to four thousand meters, so that the infantry, cavalry and artillery cooperated tacitly, ensuring that

The solidity of the active defense forced the French army to gain access to Fort Obtuse Angle several times and then be forced to give up. In the end, the two sides advanced and retreated repeatedly, reaching the point of close combat and engaging in hand-to-hand combat!

In order to completely break through the Russian army's defense line, Napoleon mobilized his troops to launch a fierce attack. At this critical moment, Kutuzov decisively dispatched a powerful reserve army to attack the French left wing. The battle continued until 18:00, although

There were corpses everywhere on the battlefield, and the strong and extremely pungent smell of blood and gunpowder smoke completely filled the air all around. However, the Russian army still held on to their positions, and the French army did not achieve a decisive victory at all.

Victory, so for this situation, both sides paid an extremely heavy price. The French army suffered a total of more than 28,000 casualties at this time, while the Russian army suffered more than 45,000 casualties.

Despite this, this position could not be captured in a short time. After Napoleon understood all this, he retreated to the starting position.

After this war, Kutuzov withdrew the Russian army to the interior and gathered strength by clearing the country. By September 14th, Napoleon occupied Moscow, which was in ruins. By October 18th, the Russian army launched a massive counterattack, and the French army

They were retreating steadily. By December, the French army had lost more than 500,000 soldiers in Russia. Napoleon's war of aggression against Russia ended in a disastrous defeat. Napoleon lost more than 500,000 soldiers. What kind of concept is this?

? You can imagine, this is really miserable. These more than 500,000 soldiers can never return to their France, not even their corpses. They can only lie in a foreign country forever. And for Russia

On the other hand, Russia's losses were also very large. In fact, they were similar to the losses of Napoleon's army. However, Russia was fighting on their own soil, which was relatively convenient in terms of supplies and other aspects.

Napoleon's defeat in Russia caused heavy losses to the entire French military and in all aspects. More than half a million troops died in a foreign country. This is really not a joke! And the battle has not been won yet, so this pair

For France, it was a loss in a direct and pure sense, so this became the trigger for the anti-Napoleonic war to break out again in Europe. In fact, it also became a symbol of the destruction of Napoleon's army.

Then we continue to talk about Napoleon, this time about the Battle of Waterloo, which is the end of Napoleon:

In the same way, we will first briefly review what happened before, and then start to talk about the next thing in detail. As we said before, on September 7, 1812, Napoleon marched to Russia.

In the Battle of Napoleon, France suffered heavy losses and was severely weakened. The defeat in Moscow became the trigger for Europe to restart the war against Napoleon. Before 1813, France reached its peak and was the conqueror in Europe. But let’s not start with that.

Let’s talk about how many people Napoleon killed in the process of conquest. In short, he conquered many, many countries. However, after Napoleon conquered these countries, it was not good for either the top leaders of these countries or the civilians.

Treat it as a tool. For example, we mentioned before that Napoleon restricted British trade and the development of the bourgeoisie. In fact, this is the truth. So people in these countries have always been rebellious against Napoleon. We can say that they rebelled against Napoleon.

The seeds of his destruction have long been sown throughout Europe.

At the same time, the Russian Tsar also wanted to completely annihilate Napoleon, because the Tsar's battle with Napoleon also resulted in extremely heavy losses, so the Tsar wanted to make up for these losses, that is, he wanted to get some benefits from France, and now France is in a state of

During this period of weak military strength, if you wanted to defeat Napoleon, now was the best time. So in February 1813, Russia formed an alliance with Prussia, and Britain, which had a deep hatred for Napoleon, immediately joined.

Countries that were harmed by Napoleon or those that wanted to gain benefits, Spain, Portugal, Sweden and Austria also joined the alliance one after another, and they wanted to attack Napoleon together with Russia. This was actually the sixth anti-French alliance with a wider scope.

Formed, so we can also imagine how cruel Napoleon was in his rule over the places he conquered, which led to the sixth anti-French alliance.

Faced with this large-scale anti-French alliance, this was actually a huge change for Napoleon. If this change was not controlled well, France and himself would be absolutely doomed, so Napoleon immediately formed a new army and prepared a good job.

Preparations for combat against the anti-French alliance.

By mid-May of 1813, Napoleon was well prepared. As we all know, Napoleon was always aggressive, so we can imagine Napoleon as a person who likes to take the initiative and doesn't like to stay still.

Waiting for his enemy to appear somewhere. Therefore, this time Napoleon also adopted a proactive attack, which can also be called a preemptive strategy, and began to march towards Dresden and Leipzig. On the way, he fought with Russia and Germany respectively at Gaka and Bautzen.

The Prussian armies met, and after a fierce battle, the Russian and Prussian coalition forces retreated. Although this was a victory for the French army, Napoleon's army also suffered extremely heavy losses, so under such heavy casualties, Napoleon, who was originally good at attacking,

He was forced to change his strategy. After that, Napoleon divided his troops to hold on to various fortresses from Dresden to the Elbe River.

On August 26, the Allied forces began to attack Dresden. At this time, the number of the Allied forces was twice that of the French army. They adopted a siege from two sides. Napoleon personally commanded the strong defenses and active
Chapter completed!