He is not handsome. He has a protruding substandard lip, a big nose and a pair of protruding eyes. Therefore, he can be described unceremoniously as a mixture of protruding. In addition, he has been a neurotic all his life.

He was plagued by torture, head tremors, and speech impediments. But these did not hinder the development of his intelligence. His friends and students were very fond of him, and he became friends with many celebrities, from Russia and Europe.

Students who returned from a trip to the mainland were willing to listen to his classes. He liked to meditate alone and often made jokes. Once during church, he was thinking about an interesting question and suddenly burst out laughing, leaving everyone confused.

Once, he absent-mindedly put a piece of bread into boiling water, poured a glass of milk, and after drinking, said that he had never tasted such poorly prepared tea. He was the true founder of the modern system of political economy.

Adam Smith.

Adam Smith was born in 1723. He was smart and studious since he was a child. He was admitted to the University of Glasgow at the age of fourteen. It is said that when he was four years old, he was abducted by a female entertainer, but thanks to

He was recovered from the forest in time by his mother, so that we did not lose a great economist. Smith studied mathematics and natural philosophy in college. Because his grades were very good, he was admitted to the university in 1740.

He was sent to Oxford University for free by the school. During his time at Oxford University, he met David Hume, the most famous philosopher, historian and economist in Britain during this period, and established a deep friendship with Hume. 1746

In 1999, Smith graduated, but because he could not find a job, he returned to his hometown.

In 1748, he was appointed as a lecturer in rhetoric and literary history at the University of Edinburgh. In 1751, he was appointed as a professor at the University of Glasgow, teaching logic and moral philosophy. Smith taught at the University of Glasgow for fourteen years.

It was during this period that his economic thoughts began to develop. In 1759, his "Theory of Moral Sentiments" was published. The summary was an attempt to prove the reasons for moral judgment, or to prove that certain behaviors of people are morally allowed.

Or the reason why it is not allowed. Smith imagined people as self-interested animals, but they seemed to be able to judge morality not based on selfish considerations. The book and the issues discussed aroused great interest.

It also made Smith famous for a while. In 1764, Smith resigned as a professor at the University of Glasgow and became a private tutor to a young aristocrat, the Duke of Berkeley. He accompanied the Duke of Berkeley on his travels in Europe and made many famous friends.

Scholars, such as Voltaire, the famous thinker of the French Enlightenment School, and Quesnay, the leader of the Physiocratic School, etc. During this period, the ideological system of Smith's masterpiece "The Wealth of Nations" gradually took shape.

In 1767, Smith returned to his hometown, started research behind closed doors, and finally published "The Wealth of Nations" in 1776. This book was based on egoism as a starting point to study the source and driving force of economic growth.

, and systematically expounded the idea of ​​economic freedom. It was also in this book that Smith discussed his work, the idea of ​​the invisible hand. This work is divided into five parts. The first part emphasizes the division of labor.

Development is an important way to increase national wealth, as well as the issues of wages, profits, and land rent arising from the division of labor. The second article discusses the nature, composition, accumulation, and use of capital. The first two articles constitute the basic part of Smith's economic principles

In the last three articles, Smith examined the ways to promote the growth of national wealth. From a historical perspective, he discussed the relationship between different economic policies, economic doctrines and fiscal systems on increasing national wealth. After the publication of "The Wealth of Nations", it caused a stir

It created a huge sensation, and was reprinted five times while Smith himself was still alive, and quickly spread throughout the European continent.

In 1778, Smith was appointed accountant of the Scottish Customs and Excise Department, and in 1787, he was appointed president of his alma mater, the University of Glasgow. He never married and died of illness in 1790 at the age of sixty.

Seven years old.

Then we continue to understand some subsequent things. In fact, classical economics is the collective name for all economics except Marxist political economics from 1750 to 1875. It is the economic field before the emergence of Keynesian theory.

Mainstream thought. This school of thought believes that economic laws determine the price of goods and the remuneration of workers, and advocates economic liberalism. The pioneer of classical economics is the philosopher Hume, and Adam Smith is the founder. Later, Malsa also joined this

camp, the most influential economist after Adam Smith was David Ricardo, who pushed the development of classical economics to its peak. Classical economics played a great role in the development of capitalism, but when

After the emergence of monopoly capitalism, the theory of classical economics was not suitable for the development of reality, so it was replaced by Keynesian theory in the 1930s. In other words, our current economic theory is

, biased towards monopoly capitalism.

However, I don’t really understand the above issues myself, but I know this is very important, so everyone just needs to understand it. Next, we will discuss a more serious topic. What topic is it? In fact, we have been talking about black people before.

Is it a kind of slave? Yes! For the powerful countries in Europe, black people are just like a commodity. However, we have conducted a relatively detailed analysis on this matter before, so we will not conduct too much analysis here. It is just a general understanding.

Suddenly, people with black skin are living very poorly. They don’t even have their own country. It gives me the feeling that these black people are as valuable as local specialties, at least to the European powers.

concept. For example, in some places in the British colonies, the war between Britain and France led to the British increasing taxes in the colonies. This must have led to the death of more people. In fact, this has happened before, mainly because people in the colonies could not eat.

Due to factors such as starvation and lack of clothing, they will eventually starve to death or die of exhaustion.

Don’t think that we are joking above. In fact, we are not at all. There are several rare human races. Anyway, they are not the same race as us modern humans. They have lived in remote places for thousands of years and have thrived. But because

The development of the navigation industry was eventually discovered by others, so after the colonists enslaved them, they were completely extinct. They died of exhaustion because they worked without pay. They were really dead! So in this case, colonization

They would bring over a large number of black slaves to supplement the labor force, because the local people were exhausted. At this point, we can definitely say that the black people are not living well.

But here I will give you an example: This is an astronomical research funded by the Royal Society. However, we must understand that when high-level sponsors generally sponsor, they must take their own interests into consideration. We must be clear about sponsoring them this time. So

What exactly will the top management gain? Here is another example: For example, there are two scientists. The first one applies to the top management for funds, saying that he wants to study the phenomena that occur when our human brains move when thinking, so as to curb

The cause of certain headaches is the headache phenomenon that saves us humans. Another scientist also studies the human brain, but when he applied for funding from senior officials, he said this: He said, I

Studying human brain thinking activities in order to find out how to more efficiently and completely control a person's brain thinking. Then we will eventually come to a conclusion. This conclusion is that the top management will definitely not give funds to the first place.

But give it to the second one, because what the higher-ups want is to control human beings, it's that simple.

So many times people tell me that the progress of our human sciences is because of scientists? No! This is not quite correct. According to my analysis, in fact, the money spent on scientific research is absolutely huge, and scientists cannot afford it at all.

, so it is generally the top officials of the country who fund scientists, but the top officials will never invest money in scientific research that has no benefit value to them.

Let’s take another example of cows. At present, cows have lesions on their milk, but these lesions only cause pain to the cows, so two scientists are studying the milk of cows. The first scientist applied for funds from the senior management and said that he

The purpose of studying the milk lesions of cows is to alleviate the pain of cows, and they hope that the top management will fund it. The second scientist also applied to the top management, saying that he studied the milk lesions of cows because after this disease is cured, the milk production of cows will increase.

It will increase greatly, and it is estimated that the annual profit can be increased by hundreds of millions of yuan. In the end, we don't even have to consider this kind of thing. The senior management must have allocated the money to the second scientist.

So here comes the problem. Based on the above examples, we can see that the core scientific progress is not actually in the hands of scientists, but in the hands of high-level officials in various countries, because scientists do not have the money to conduct these studies.

, and the high-level officials are rich, but the research results they want are only the results they hope to get. So this is a very scary thing. All of us can understand at once why the weapon technology in our world is

It is so developed, but not at all in other aspects! In fact, this is a disguised conclusion. It is the top management who controls almost all technological trends. Therefore, it is not the scientists who control the future technological trends, but the top brass of various countries around the world. Because

Even if scientists have monstrous thinking patterns and even research, as long as there is no benefit to the top management, the top management will not allocate money to them for research, because it is of no value to the top management. As we said before, top management

They don't care about lesions on the nipples of cows that cause pain to cows. Because the money of the top management is limited but not unlimited, they will only spend it where they think it is beneficial.

Well, from the above things, we can find that the Royal Academy funded astronomy, and the funding was very generous. This must be a problem. What significance did astronomy have to Britain around 1750?

, right? So after the British Royal Academy funded astronomical research and exploration this time, it also added a lot of people to the team, including geographers, botanists, biologists, etc. Why? Because originally this

A journey of exploration is to explore far away places, so whether it is a botanist, a medical scientist, an astronomer, or even a geographer, etc., they can bring back information. But what do the British want these things for?

What? It's very simple. For example, a medical scientist may bring back a certain virus or even a treatment for a certain disease. This is very critical for the army, because it is people fighting the war! The other one is to look for bad blood.

The treatment method of the disease, because sailors always died in large numbers, either in battles or from scurvy, but they didn’t know how to treat it. This time they found out that the soldiers lacked vitamin C. But they didn’t know the specific cause yet.

, I just understand that the soldiers in the past only had dry meat and dry food, and did not use vegetables and fruits at all, so they now have to bring a large amount of vegetables and fruits every time they go on a voyage, so that there will not be a large number of sailors dying.

And there was also a man named Cook in the expedition team. He was a geographer. He found a place called Tasmania. There are aborigines on this island. These aborigines

Originally, this place had been independent for more than 10,000 years, but in just a century after Cook arrived, it was directly exterminated. Mainly because civilized people took a fancy to the rich land here, and then carried out certain measures on the indigenous people.

The planned large-scale massacre, and even after the massacre, the scientists did not let them go. The remains of the Tasmanians were used for research. Anyway, the anatomy was not what they looked like. This was also the last Tasmanian.

Manian, and this last Tasmanian was still on display in the museum. It was not until today in 2002 that the Royal College of Surgeons of the United Kingdom returned her last skin and

Only with the hair specimens could she be buried intact. Yes, this last Tasmanian was a woman! Anyway, after Cook discovered Tasmani, the top management occupied this place because of their interests.

This is one of the reasons why senior officials provide financial support.

Another characteristic of the top management is that they enslave anyone who is behind them, that is, make them slaves. Then there are the black people we mentioned before. In fact, they sell black people, and black people are also slaves. But why do we analyze
Chapter completed!