"Cough cough~~" At 9 o'clock in the morning, Yu Deli saw that everyone in the conference room was here, so he coughed lightly into the microphone and signaled to have a meeting. Then everyone present turned their eyes to Zhao Xin.

"It was my idea to hold this meeting at the beginning. After talking to Lao Yu, I left after I had something to do. I have been preparing for the past few months, and the plan was also written by them. Here, I would like to express my sincere thanks first. Without you two, this meeting could not be held smoothly."

As Zhao Xin finished speaking, applause rang out in the conference room. Everyone here knew that this closed-door meeting today and even in the next few days will determine the direction of China in this time and space, the fate of countless people, and their status in the future.

Twenty-one people, twenty-one thoughts. Perhaps some people, like Zhao Xin, have the same ideas in many aspects at present, but that is limited to before seizing the world. As for the battle, it is really hard to say.

After Zhao Xin and others were silent for applause, they picked up the political plan written by Chen Qingsong and said with a smile: "To be honest, the content of this document drafted by Lao Chen surprised me. According to Lao Chen himself, in order to write this thing, he was tortured to lose five kilograms of meat..."

"Haha..." Everyone present laughed when they heard this, and Chen Qingsong also stroked his chin with a self-deprecating feeling, feeling really sharp.

"Because of time and modification, the document was finally finalized last night, so I only had time to read it in a hurry. The reason why I set the meeting cycle as one week is that I hope everyone will express their opinions openly after listening to it."

Zhao Xin glanced at everyone here, and his speech suddenly became serious and continued: "Everyone here has decided to settle down in their parents' homes in this time and space. The political system is closely related to everyone. First of all, I want to make a statement that no matter what you say or what opinions you have, you will not be guilty of your words. No matter what system we adopt, it must be based on the current social class situation."

As soon as these words were spoken, everyone present nodded. Zhao Xin's words were flawless, so everyone didn't know what his attitude was.

"Next, I'll read it for you. If you have any comments, let's discuss it after I finish reading it all."

"The first article, the purpose of this draft is to determine the political system for countries with a territory of 1,700 square kilometers... This is the first problem we need to solve."

"Article 2: Given the current social class structure and the education of the people, the position of emperor will be retained in the next twenty years. At the same time, we will establish a committee, and all internal and external policies must be passed by more than half of the committee's personnel to be implemented."

When Zhao Xin finished reading this, half of the people present changed their faces, their eyes swept to Chen Qingsong, who was expressionless, and then looked at Yu Deli, and found that the person also had a calm face. Everyone thought that these two were bribed by Prince Zhao?

Just relying on Prince Zhao’s “magic power”, no one can emptiate him. If he wants to do something in the future, who can control it!

But then again, now that Zhao Xin wants to do something, the others can't help but stop it. Without any hesitation, the innate system of Beihai Town has decided. Among those who attended the dinner party for the French a few days ago, some of them could not help but start to imagine whether Chen Xuan was wearing the queen's clothes. Could it be Zhao Xin's statement?

"...The committee has military, civil affairs, supervision.... In principle, no one shall serve in more than two departments. If there are any relevant opinions, they may be submitted for discussion at the full committee."

Well, when we saw this, everyone vented their anger and thought that Prince Zhao was still successful. He must hold military power, but I don’t know what the other one would be.

At this time, Chen Qingsong was actually observing the reactions of everyone here. To be honest, he had suffered a lot of mental torture in the past three months to write this thing. In order to find a reasonable explanation for the monarchy, what is losing five pounds? He almost confused himself.

After Yu Deli finished the beach talk with Zhao Xin, he made a special trip to Furdan City and talked with Chen Qingsong for two nights. The one who has the most say in Beihai Town is Fatty Chen, who has had experience in the system. Finally, the two agreed that the draft of the political system would be drafted by Chen Qingsong, and Yu Deli would be responsible for investigating the gaps.

Like the troubles Zhao Xin encountered, Chen Qingsong did not choose the monarchy when drafting the plan. However, when he adopted the concept of Western political philosophy to think about the issue of political system, a basic problem that cannot be avoided was placed before him, that is, how to make the political system formulated by time travelers win the trust of the people.

Throughout history, although most political societies have been based on irrationality and violence, rulers of all generations have to make arguments about the legitimacy of their rule. The conviction of the ruled argument on the legitimacy of rule is the premise for political societies to maintain long-term stability, especially in classical society.

The principle of classical republic is "the world is for the public", which means that all scholars have the power to participate - at least discuss state affairs. Of course, the scholar-official class likes this most, because it means that the "Daotong" returns to their arms, and even "governance" can get a share of the pie. The emperor stays in the palace and becomes Yao and Shun, and the prime minister's cabinet system, and the era of landlord class is coming again.

However, for the vast majority of ordinary people who had just escaped from the Qing Dynasty and couldn't even read a big word, you told him that the situation has changed now and you can also talk about the court's system, and he will definitely think that you are hysterical. If you have that free time, it is better to clean up two acres of land, let your family have enough food, and let your children have a book to get rid of the importance of fate.

In the 18th century, China was a farming society with 90% of farmers. In such a social reality, talking about republic with the people was purely about playing the piano against cows. To put it bluntly, although there are more than one million people under Beihai Town, if we talk about the basis of the republic system, we probably don’t even have half of them.

This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content behind! Therefore, if you want the people in the world to accept the non-monarchy, you have to transform through movements, transform scholars, transform old customs and habits, liberation of women, etc. The problem is that only these 21 people stayed in this time and space, and the land reform has not started yet. If you follow the others, it is very likely to cause political turmoil. At that time, everyone can only cover up and slip away.

Some people will say that Beihai Town has a big fist, so don’t think about anything? If the people are not smart enough, it’s better to popularize education. The problem is that it will take some time. Although Beihai Town’s basic education is good, especially the Beihai Army, the literacy rate is as high as 97%. However, compared with the 300 million ordinary people in the Qing Dynasty, it is not even considered a hair, let alone 10 million scholars who are familiar with Confucius and Mencius in the south.

Rousseau once said something that even though Zhao Xin didn't like this person very much, he admitted that what the other party said made sense.

"Even the strongest is never strong enough to be the master forever, unless he transforms strength into rights and obedience into obligations... Power is a physical force, and I can't see what morality the effect of power can produce."

Mencius said that those who use their strength to be benevolent will dominate the world. Those who dominate the world will have a great country. Those who practice benevolent with virtue will not wait for the king. Tang is seventy miles away, and King Wen is hundreds of miles away. Those who use strength to conquer others are not convinced by the heart, and those who do not support others with virtue will be happy and sincerely convinced, just like the seventy sons who conquer Confucius. The poem says: "From the west, from the east, from the south, from the north, there is no thought or conquer." This is what it means.

In simple terms, it is not to say that Beihai Town has powerful weapons, and it is to pack up the Qing Dynasty and to spread the land like a grandson, which can prove that Beihai Town has the legitimacy of rule, because Chinese culture does not value this at all. Otherwise, when the Mongolian Yuan or the Qing Dynasty went south to fight the unified war, they would not have encountered so many resistances.

In China's traditional feudal political theory, whether it is an emperor or a minister, it is just a political official position, and everyone only determines his duties and responsibilities in the official position. If the emperor is not dedicated or competent, the minister can change him, and even the people of the whole country can kill him. If you don't understand this, you won't understand the truth about Chinese traditional politics.

Taking the Han, Tang and Song dynasties as examples, the Han Dynasty was the system of prime ministers and chief ministers, and the Tang and Song dynasties were the system of prime ministers. The highest deliberation organ was called the Zhengshi Hall, and later renamed the Secretariat. All government laws must be promulgated in the name of the emperor's edict, and the Zhengshi Hall will hold a meeting in advance. Without the seal of the Political Affairs Hall, it will not be considered an edict and will have no legal status in law.

In the early traditional Chinese politics except the Qing Dynasty, the emperor could not be dictatorial, and the prime minister could not be dictatorial. However, countless people in later generations insisted that China's feudal politics was autocratic and dictatorial.

In fact, looking at modern Eastern and Western politics, it is very difficult to draw an accurate line between the republic and the monarchy, and it cannot be said that the former is more democratic than the latter, because as long as the monarch's power is limited to ritualization, the difference between the two is not large. The most obvious examples are France and Britain.

To be honest, Fat Chen is not good at political philosophy issues. After all, his work was pragmatic rather than empty-handed. The more he thought about it, the more complicated he became, and he ended up getting around himself. So he went to Wang Zhong and asked for advice on the legality of the rule.

As the descendant of Gu Yanwu's legitimate lineage and a well-educated research on the pre-Qin rules and regulations, Wang Zhong did not directly answer Chen Qingsong's questions, but told him two allusions.

There are only two ways of changing dynasties in Chinese history. One is that the people of their own will use conspiracy and violent methods to change dynasties, and the other is that foreigners invade and establish a regime. However, when facing the issue of legitimacy, the rulers of these two regimes will fall into a dilemma, that is, on the one hand, their own rule does not have formal legality, but must establish and even maintain formal legality.

What caused this dilemma was caused by a dialogue during the reign of Emperor Jing of Han, which was later written by Sima Qian in "Records of the Grand Historian". This is the first paragraph that Wang Zhong talked about.

Yuan Gusheng, who represented Confucianism at that time, and Huang Sheng, who represented Taoism, discussed what "the righteousness of the king and the ministers" meant in front of Emperor Jing of Han. As a result, since then, the issue of political legitimacy has become a forbidden area for feudal rulers in all dynasties, and scholars after the Han Dynasty dared not touch it again. The only thing everyone dared to criticize was that the three ancient dynasties were really good, and the previous dynasty replaced by us was really bad, and it was really bad!

The essence of the argument between the two was the conflict between "form" and "purpose" in political legitimacy. Yuan Gusheng used the purpose to prove the legitimacy of Tang Wu's order, Huang Sheng used the form to prove the illegality of Tang Wu's killing of the monarch, while Emperor Jing of Han, as the referee, was in a situation where "the ministers could not do it."

The early political legitimacy of the pre-Qin philosophers adopted the "destiny theory" method, that is, deified their ancestors, and as descendants of God, they naturally had the power to rule, and the focus was on the legitimacy of form. However, with the emergence of the two famous tyrants, "Jie and Zhou", the purpose of replacing form. The two concepts of "Heavenly Way" and "Tao" mentioned by Huang Lao occupies the central position of the discussion of political legitimacy.

If Tang and Wu were legal to kill Jie and Zhou, it would certainly prove the legitimacy of the Han replacing Qin, and others could also use it to prove the legitimacy of the replacement of Han in the future. In other words, the rebellion of the Liu family should be divided; if it is illegal, where should Liu Bang be placed? He was the head of the Qin Dynasty and a traitor.

The second allusion Wang Zhong said is the "Zeng Jingtou Case" that occurred in the seventh year of Yongzheng.

Of course, Chen Qingsong knew about this. In order to prove the legitimacy of the Qing regime, Yongzheng also wrote a book called "Dayi Jue Mi Lu" to publish it all over the world. However, to his surprise, Wang Zhong did not talk about literary inquisitions and the distinction between Chinese and foreigners, but extended the "teleology" and "formal theory" in the previous allusion.

Wang Zhong said that Zeng Jing is both stupid and not stupid.

He is said to be stupid because he is pedantic and ancient, thinking that Yue Zhongqi can be impressed by the saying "dividing between Chinese and foreigners"; he is said to be not stupid because he has some of his ideas in "Zhixinlu". His views are essentially the same as Yuan Gusheng's theory, and both discuss the legitimacy of imperial rule from the "formal theory".

Speaking of the Confucian "Daotong", the scholar class has always regarded itself as the representative of the Daotong; the so-called "If the morality is here, the people's hearts will go, and if the people's hearts will go, the destiny of heaven will come back.

But the problem is that if logically speaking, all emperors of all dynasties do not have political legitimacy, and only the "scholars" who uphold the Taoist tradition are responsible for the commandment of heaven.

Wang Zhong told Chen Qingsong that when Yongzheng brought out the righteousness of the monarch and ministers to refute it, he was tantamount to affirming Huang Sheng's "teleology", and had to face Yuan Gusheng's "formal theory". That is, he fell into the dilemma of Emperor Jing of Han at that time, and he was wrong no matter how he said it.

At this point, Chen Qingsong suddenly realized that from beginning to end, the "distinguish between China and the barbarians" that countless descendants argued was not the focus at all. The legitimacy of the political system with "teleology" and "formalism" as the fundamentals was the one. Qianlong probably had seen the key point before he succeeded to the throne, so as soon as he succeeded to the throne, he immediately issued an order to reclaim and destroy "The Book of the Great Awakenings" and killed Zeng Jing and Zhang Xi, so that the people of the world could shut up.

In other words, as long as Beihai Town implements a monarchy, no one in the world will mention the legitimacy of the political system.

The reason why ancient scholars always talked about the three ancient times was because there was no dispute over the form and purpose of the throne of Yao, Shun and Yu. If the emperor followed the example of the three of them, no one could find fault. If you dare to talk nonsense, try to argue with false words, be remote and firm, and become traitors in minutes.

Of course, Wang Zhong took the opportunity to sell a lot of Gu Yanwu's "mass governance" ideas to Chen Qingsong. Chen Qingsong didn't know much about this. He heard it in general, such as expanding the selection of the intellectual class, allowing the people to discuss the gains and losses of the country's politics, and combining customs with laws to correct people's hearts.

However, when he talked about this with Zhao Xin last night, the other party smiled and shook his head.

"Old Chen, you haven't read Gu Yanwu's book, have you?"

"No. What's wrong?"
Chapter completed!