The official title system of the Daji Dynasty was modeled on that of the Han Dynasty.

In the troubled times of Daji, the national conditions resembled those of the late Eastern Han Dynasty.

Under the emperor, the highest chief executive of the central government is the prime minister, or prime minister, and there are one or two prime ministers (left and right prime ministers).

The officials next to the prime minister include Taiwei and Yushi Dafu, who are responsible for military affairs and supervision.

Later, the prime minister was renamed Da Situ, the Taiwei was also called Da Sima, and the censor was renamed Da Sikong. They were collectively called the Three Dukes. Above the three Dukes were Shang Gong (Tai Shi, Tai Tu, and Tai Bao), which were honorary positions and were not often placed.

Under the Three Lords, there are nine ministers, who are in charge of the general affairs, and there are also other ministers and palace officials besides the nine ministers, and the general's office.

It was reflected in the evolution of the political systems of successive dynasties after the Han Dynasty.

The Han Dynasty's recruitment system and the system of promoting filial piety and integrity fundamentally changed the Shiqing Shilu system and its legacy in the pre-Qin era, and created China's civilian governance system that lasted for thousands of years.

The system of three gongs and nine ministers.

The Han Dynasty (202 BC - 220 AD) included the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, and its military system inherited and developed from the Qin Dynasty.

In the early Han Dynasty, the policy of "resting with the people" was implemented, and the burden of military service on the people was relatively reduced;

The military system maintained the highly centralized and unified characteristics of the Qin Dynasty.

During the period of Emperor Wu, the "Chinese Dynasty" controlled the "Outer Dynasty", weakened the princes of the kingdom, and strengthened the control of military power;

During the frequent use of troops, the structure of the army and the recruitment of soldiers were constantly changing. The cavalry became an important branch of the army, and the recruitment system was gradually implemented.

At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the army of prefectures and states was abolished, the capital examination system was abolished, and the conscription system was gradually replaced by the conscription system, which weakened the country's military strength.

In the later period, the power of local pastoral guards increased, and in the process of suppressing peasant uprisings, large and small armed groups emerged to take advantage of the chaos, causing the country to fall apart again.

Military leadership system: In the early Han Dynasty, the system of three public officials and nine ministers was implemented.

Among the three princes, the prime minister assists the emperor in handling world affairs;

Taiwei is the highest military position. He is in charge of military affairs and serves as the emperor's advisor, but he does not have the power to issue military orders. The imperial censor assists the prime minister in governing the world.ωωw.Ｂǐqυgétν.℃ǒＭ

(Note: The father of Chen Changzhong, one of the Seven Congs in the article, Chen Yingmu, was appointed Taiwei)

Among the nine ministers, Guang Luxun (Lang Zhongling) commanded the ministers, the Weiwei commanded the guards, and the Lieutenant (Zhi Jinwu) commanded the lieutenant soldiers, and were jointly responsible for the security of the palace and the capital.

The most important military officers include generals, hussar generals, chariot generals, guard generals and generals with various titles, all of whom are in charge of conquests.

In real history, during the reign of Emperor Wu, in order to weaken the power of the "outer dynasty" headed by the prime minister, the emperor dismissed the prefects; to strengthen the status of the "Chinese dynasty", the emperor installed the Grand Sima with the title of general.

The Grand Sima General and the Grand Sima Hussar General are involved in the secrets of the palace, participate in decision-making during peacetime, handle important military affairs, and lead the army in wartime.

In the later period, the Three Dukes were set up as the highest administrative heads, and Da Sima was in charge of military affairs, ranking above Da Situ (prime minister reform) and Da Sikong (censor doctor reform).

Following the Eastern Han Dynasty, Da Sima was renamed Taiwei, and was named the military and administrative leader. In fact, he was the prime minister of the country's military and political affairs, and the center that directly controlled the army was the emperor's secretary group, Shangshutai.

After the middle period, relatives who served as generals controlled the state affairs, controlled military power, and became the highest military and political officials of the imperial court. Together with the three ministers, they were called the "Four Houses". In addition, the Han Dynasty followed the ancient military supervision system and sent more ministers and close servants (such as Taizhong) to serve as generals.

Doctor, supervisor of the army).

Whenever there is a major war, the emperor will issue an edict and use the tiger talisman or "talisman" or "jie" as evidence to recruit troops from various places to go out for war;

Choose the commander-in-chief of the entire army and the commander-in-chief of each branch, and use them as generals, generals of hussars, generals of chariots and generals, generals of guards, etc.;

A general opens a government office and sets up a staff to form a command organization.

After Emperor Wu, the general and his shogunate were established for a long time. They commanded operations in wartime and participated in government affairs in peacetime. They had great real power.

In the local area, the Han Dynasty's prefectures and countries were parallel.

The prefect of a county is the highest military and political officer in the region. He is assisted by the captain in charge of the recruitment, training, assessment and review of soldiers, maintaining law and order, leading troops on expeditions, as well as the manufacturing and management of weapons and equipment.

There are counties under the county, and the county magistrate (chief) is also in charge of the military and civilian affairs. The county captain is appointed to assist the military and take charge of public security.

The vassal kingdoms parallel to the counties have the prime minister as their chief executive and also in charge of military affairs.

The lieutenants, lieutenants, and guards of the minister kingdom command the army and are responsible for guarding the palace and maintaining public order in the kingdom.

There are also grassroots organizations such as townships and pavilions in the county, each with officials, who are also responsible for organizing local soldier training and public security, postal services, household registration, military service and other military and political affairs.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the captaincy was dismissed and his post was merged into that of the prefect.

The state (ministry), which was originally a supervisory division, gradually evolved into an administrative unit above the county. The state governor was in charge of civil affairs internally and the army was in charge externally. The power of local officials expanded. (Note, in the article, Qi Changzheng, Fu Xiao’s maternal grandfather, is Zhuozhou.

Governor.)

After the Yellow Turban Uprising, wars continued frequently. The governors and governors not only had the power to lead troops, but also had the power to recruit and recruit troops, thus laying the seeds of separatism.

Military service system: The military service system in the Han Dynasty had an obvious evolution process.

In the early Han Dynasty, the Qin system was inherited and the conscription system was implemented.

During the reign of Emperor Wen, the normal conscription could not meet the needs of border defense. Chao Cuo suggested that the people should not consolidate the border, so that the people stationed in the border counties and the troops stationed there could be integrated into one.

During the reign of Emperor Wu, land annexation became increasingly serious, and a large number of small farmers went bankrupt and went into exile. Most wealthy families had the privilege of being exempted from military service. Wars were frequent and the need for soldiers was large. The conscription system that had been effective in the past could not be carried out normally and could not meet the needs of the war.

, so the recruitment system was also implemented.

In addition, soldiers such as banished soldiers, slave soldiers, and ethnic minority soldiers were also widely used. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu reformed the military system, abolished the system of rotating officers and soldiers in counties and counties, and recruited soldiers mainly.

In the early Han Dynasty, people were registered (registered) at the age of 17 and became ready-for-service personnel with military service obligations, called "zheng".

"Regular" starts service at the age of 20 or 23, takes turns to enlist, and serves in active service for two years.

One year in the county, he served as an official or a knight, building a ship;

For one year, he went to the capital to serve as a guard, or to serve as a garrison soldier in a border county (one theory is that serving as an officer, knight, or shipbuilding officer in his own county is a regular soldier; while guards and Wu soldiers serve the same nature, and they are not regular soldiers. The former is a regular soldier.

Military service, the latter is called military service).

When "regular" is not serving, he is a reserve soldier. In case of war, he must apply for conscription at any time until he is 60 or 56 years old. Exemption within the service period is divided into two types: Fushen (exemption for himself) and Xiajia (exemption for the whole family)

.

Anyone who has certain military achievements, qualifications, titles, raises, donates military horses or grain, and has a certain amount of coins, descendants of meritorious officials, scholars, senior citizens, and men whose height is less than the prescribed height (6.2 feet to die) are all eligible.

Exempt from service.

Emperor Wu began to implement the recruitment system.

The Han nationality and ethnic minority people who are familiar with Hu and Yue will be recruited as soldiers for the first time, and they will no longer be replaced regularly.

Afterwards, there were troubles in all directions, and troops were often recruited to prepare for conquests.

Most of the people to be raised are farmers and refugees, a small number are officials or common people who have committed crimes and are exempted from punishment (reduced punishment), and freed slaves.

There is also recruitment, that is, "brave men" with good health, courage, and excellent skills are selected to join the army.

Sometimes when recruitment is insufficient, prisoners are sent to serve as soldiers (relegated soldiers), and "seven subjects of banning" are implemented, that is, guilty officials, stateless people, son-in-laws, merchants (including former merchants, parents, and grandparents) are relegated.

Those who were merchants) served as soldiers. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, in order to defend against the Huns, slaves were recruited as soldiers.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, recruiting troops became the main method of gathering troops, and the conscription system was not abolished.

The result of the prevalence of the military recruitment system is that the country recruits soldiers with money, which increases the financial burden;

A group of farmers have been away from the land for a long time, which affects the development of agricultural production; (this was the original situation in Kuzhou under King Lu)

The personal dependence of the recruits on the generals intensified and evolved into private tribes, which caused the expansion of local power and facilitated the formation of warlords.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, recruiting troops became the main method of gathering troops, and the conscription system was not abolished.

The result of the prevalence of the military recruitment system is that the country recruits soldiers with money, which increases the financial burden; a group of farmers have been away from the land for a long time, affecting the development of agricultural production;

The personal dependence of the recruits on the generals intensified and evolved into private tribes, which caused the expansion of local power and facilitated the formation of warlords.

Military training system: The Western Han Dynasty emphasized that "non-priests are not allowed to serve in the military" ("Han Shu "Wu Wu Zi Zhuan"). It not only paid attention to the training that was adapted to local conditions and different types of arms, but also adhered to the regular review, assessment, and secondary examination (grand review) system

.

That is, every autumn, a grand sacrificial ceremony is held in the capital, and military attachés and soldiers practice formations together. In the prefecture, the prefect, the captain and the county magistrate, the county magistrate organizes officers, knights, and boats to conduct archery, horse riding, and sailing.

Various military skill competitions and assessments were conducted to evaluate the merits and demerits, and those who were punished were also conducted military exercises in the form of hunting.

At the border, the prefect led thousands of cavalry to inspect the defense situation, and implemented the autumn archery system for the border fortress. The waiting commanders and officials were assessed in archery. Those who passed the test were rewarded, and those who failed were punished.

The training content mainly focuses on Zhang Nu's shooting of arrows, but also includes martial arts and skill items such as Jiaodian (wrestling, wrestling and jumping), Shoubo (boxing skills), Cuju (ancient football sport), etc.

The Eastern Han Dynasty abolished the capital trial system. After the middle period, various training systems were abolished. Local soldiers and capital soldiers were not trained, and their combat effectiveness dropped significantly.

Weapons and equipment are tools of war and an important factor in determining the outcome of a war.

The types of weapons in the Han Dynasty have undergone new developments based on the "Five Soldiers" of the Pre-Qin Dynasty: bows, arrows, spears, spears, and halberds. The weapons used by sergeants have become diverse.

Long weapons include pummels, spears, and halberds; short weapons include knives and swords; long-range weapons include crossbows and bows; protective weapons include armor and shields; and offensive and defensive weapons include hooks.

In addition, there are hammers, laos, staffs, axes, axes and other cutting and hammering weapons. Among various weapons, iron weapons account for an increasing proportion. In the early Han Dynasty, Chao Cuo listed bows and short weapons,

Halberds, swords, shields, spear collars, etc. are mostly high-quality iron weapons.

The weapons from the Chang'an arsenal excavated by archaeologists in recent years, except for a small amount still made of bronze, the vast majority are iron weapons, including knives, swords, halberds, spears, axes, skeletons, and armor, and only iron arrowheads are enough.

More than 1,000 pieces.

The weapons in the Han Dynasty army were not only of various varieties, but also of high quality, far superior to the weapons of the Xiongnu.

As Huang Cuo said, the Han army's elite soldiers and weapons are used in battle. "The bows of the Xiongnu cannot be used."

China’s strong skills”.
To be continued...