Chapter 3: Institutional Change (I)

Jingji thought of moving. Huang Taiji was faster than Zhu Yinglong's movements. The state institutions and regime composition of the Later Jin Dynasty were not completely fixed, so it was relatively easier for him to change. The Ming Dynasty had been established for more than two hundred years, and many things had been added and supplemented. Some of them had become unchanged so-called ancestral system. It was very difficult to perform surgery on it. Maybe it would be in danger of total overturning. Therefore, Zhu Yinglong was very cautious in his step.

With Fan Wencheng's plan, Huang Taiji began the largest change since the founding of the Jin Dynasty, which was generally classified into three parts.

First, "Safeguard the people". In his later years, the people in the territory were in full swing. After Huang Taiji ascended the throne, he proposed: "The key to governing the country should not be able to calm the people first." He knew that the abuse of Han officials and Han people was the source of chaos, so he stipulated that even if Han officials and Han people in the country wanted to escape in the past and asked "spy" to interact, the matter was gone, and no longer investigated. As a result, "all those who fled were stopped and spies disappeared." Huang Taiji emphasized very much that Manchus and Han people "are the same as the same people.

", there is no difference between trial and service. He learned that the plundered Han people were slaves and sected villages according to the Manchu officials. The Han people were often bullied, so he reformed to each of them to give eight strong men and two oxen. The rest of the Han people were divided into separate residences and organized into civilian households. He also forbidden the subordinates of the Beale ministers from privately going to the Han officials' houses to blackmail and harass. This made the Han people stable and felt that the place under the rule of the Later Jin Dynasty was a "paradise".

Second, "focus on the foundation". After the Later Jin Dynasty entered Liaoshen, not only the local Han people engaged in agriculture, but even the Manchus regarded agriculture as their main business. Huang Taiji cherished the people's strength and stopped building walls in order to "focus on the southern acres to focus on the main business." He ordered that all village land and the Eight Banners had stabilized, and they would not change it in the future. The property of the village people and the cattle, sheep, chickens and pigs they raised were not allowed to be taken arbitrarily.

Third, strengthen centralized rule. The Later Jin Dynasty in Nurhaci's era had strong national primitive characteristics. After Huang Taiji became a Khan, he devoted himself to imitating the Ming Dynasty to engage in autocratic and centralized power. At the beginning of his tenure, he set up eight ministers to manage state affairs, saying that Bagushan Ezhen was in charge of all affairs in the banner and had affairs in the country. He "sitted together with Zhubeile to discuss" and hunted and led the army to conduct the banner. He also had the responsibility of inspecting the investigation. Gushan Ezhen was established, weakening Zhubeile's power, but strengthening the power of the Khan. What's more, the abolition of the three major benevolent systems. In the sixth year of destiny, Nurhaci ordered the four major benevolents to be "divided by month". Huang Taiji ascended the throne of Khan, and one of them was the four. The other three major benevolents were still "

"The month is divided into the rule," this is a system of decentralization. Now it has been completely changed to the following Beile's act on behalf of the month. Huang Taiji's power was high. The Later Jin Dynasty founded by Nurhaci was not very perfect until Huang Taiji was a Khan. In order to strengthen his rule, Huang Taiji, based on the Han official Fan Wencheng and Ning Wan's suggestions, imitating the political system of the Ming Dynasty, six ministries were formally established, and Baile and other Beile were in charge of each ministries, including Baile. Each ministries was established with three members, including Manchu, Mongolia, and Han Chengzheng, eight members, and Qixinlang. Only the Ministry of Works established Mongolia and six members of the Han army participated in politics. Later it was proved that due to the establishment of the six ministries, "each was responsible for its own affairs and did not keep the affairs."

In the history of Zhu Yinglong's intervention in this time and space, the establishment of the six ministries of Huang Taiji seemed a bit ahead of time, perhaps because the historical measures were separated from the track it should slide to. This was definitely not good news for him. After this change, the Later Jin Dynasty would become stronger. Without the decay of the Ming Dynasty officialdom, his government functions were more flexible and efficient. No wonder the Qing Dynasty later won the world.

Huang Taiji's movement forced Zhu Yinglong to move too. First, he issued an order to clean up the prison administration. The Ministry of Justice issued a document to restrict the case of detaining prisoners in prison within three months. If it cannot be settled, or if it has become a unsolved case, it will be released to the prisoners without conclusive evidence. This is also a disguised amnesty. Any criminal case involving major murders must be reviewed by Dali Temple before the case can be closed.

Next, Zhu Yinglong held a plenary meeting of the cabinet and the military cabinet, and collectively discussed a series of temporary drafts on the strict division of powers of officials at all levels, and established the position of governor as the highest administrative officer in a province, the governor and the left and right consuls of the left and right to manage the finance and taxation of a province, and the division of the criminal and prison administrations of a province and the powers of each assistant. Based on the current local situation of the Ming Dynasty, the case of administrative officials above the county magistrate was investigated.

All rights to make a case are revoked. These officials will work hard on local development, take overall charge of the situation, encourage barley farmers and farmers, build water conservancy, develop commerce, infrastructure, break bad rules and habits, etc., and all cases and judge the case are assigned to the Criminal Office at the level of the Criminal Office. The plan to arrest the case is a county magistrate who is familiar with the criminal law, and the prefectural chief officer shall be the chief officer. The local supervisory censors sent by the Criminal Office shall have supervised officials strictly enforce the law and report corruption.

The right to accept bribes and have the right to arrest and trial the prefect at the level of the prefect and the following officials under certain evidence. At the same time, if the supervisory censor commits a crime, local officials can also apply for arrest if the evidence is conclusive. This is also for mutual supervision. In order to prevent the supervisory censor and local officials from colluding with each other, the Censorate will send officials to conduct undercover investigations from time to time, similar to the positions of inspectors and inspectors, and also education. Each province has set up academic and government affairs to vigorously develop education.

The construction of more schools under the circumstances of the land was a headache for Zhu Yinglong. The system of suing officials in the public seemed to be difficult to implement in the local area, but it had to be done. Zhu Yinglong ordered the removal of Dengwengu, and the Tongzhengsi Department's yamen established a new department for petitioning departments, which was specially used to receive ordinary people who had no way to make grievances in various places, both officials and civilians. In addition, Zhu Yinglong also photographed the guards taking turns to supervise, so as not to let these officials fool him, the emperor.

Although the emperor did not directly propose to rectify the administration, the introduction of this series of policies was enough to shake the entire Ming Dynasty. Officials in various provinces showed obvious resistance, because the introduction of these policies made many people lose a lot of power, but more supportive, because more of some officials gained power from the new policies of the court reform. Many of them were depressed and were excluded from the center of power to be idle officials, and some did not want to join some corrupt officials. Zhu Yinglong grasped this point. China has never abandoned talents, but how to use talents to make talents play their due effectiveness system. He did not move military reform in this regard. Although the provinces are very fierce, these people have to accept reality.
Chapter completed!