The unified autocratic imperial power existed at the institutional level of power culture. This cultural system at the institutional level was continuously improved by successive dynasties. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial power was on the verge of collapse. Li Hongzhang and others still believed that Hua

The various systems of the country are far superior to those of Western countries. Because Li Hongzhang could be regarded as a very enlightened political figure at that time and wanted to change. This can also be seen from the negative side of the completeness and stubbornness of the feudal autocratic system.

In fact, as long as we compare the modern political system with the entire imperial autocratic system, we can see the essential difference. The civil service system built around imperial power is an ancient bureaucratic system, and it is by no means a modern one.

The civil service system and the imperial examination system are by no means the selection of civil servants in the modern sense. The armed forces system is even further away from the concept of "the country's army". Loyalty

There is really no essential difference between loyalty to the emperor and loyalty to warlords or bandit leaders. The Six Ministries of the Central Committee and the Military Aircraft Department seem to have simplified the political power structure. However, this does not affect its incompetent bureaucratization and the breeding of a large number of power levels at all levels.

Power brokers, urban foxes and social rats. For a large country with a vast territory and a large population, it is not efficient at all, let alone a "small political axe" in the modern sense!

"Power can easily corrupt people, but absolute power can absolutely corrupt people." China's autocratic imperial power is the most complete, most extreme, and most unsupervised absolute power in the world. Its status as king of the world, annihilation and flattery

The environment of small groups and small crowds, and the social atmosphere of unconditional submission, recognition, and worship of power formed by Chinese people who have been subjected to authoritarian rule for a long time; especially

A series of stylized language, music, and stylized body movements of total surrender formulated by Shusuntong Dingchao are all conducive to the formation of a religious and psychological set-up, all of which serve to establish absolute power. Except for the emperor

In addition, the officials at each level below also follow a similar pattern, thus establishing the absolute power of each level.

After the 1911 Revolution, although the imperial power was overthrown and court rituals were abolished, the Chinese nation's psychological stereotype of power worship has not been completely eliminated. To this day, many people in China's power class and a large part of the people have not completely surrendered to the power of the emperor.

Wake up from a dream. The status of absolute power and the environmental atmosphere have not been eliminated. The status, environment, and atmospheric conditions that corrupted the ruler's mind have not been eliminated.

has not been eliminated. The so-called psychological environment of "as official power comes in, popularity gradually goes out" is still there. Therefore, the highest power in Chinese society and the public power of governments at all levels often cater to such mentally retarded people. The officials below will say

They say a lot of ridiculous things and do a lot of ridiculous things. This is why big words, empty words, lies, clichés, bad words, and stupid words are often popular among the upper class of China.

Coupled with the arbitrary decision-making mechanism of individuals, major matters related to the national economy and people's livelihood, domestic and foreign affairs are often decided emotionally and rashly. The longing for a "wise and powerful" "wise master" is an eternal complex of the Chinese people. This is

That is the stubborn authoritarian political superstition complex of the Chinese people.

The ruler's moral character, thoughts and emotions, and psychological factors are all likely to become key factors affecting the national economy and people's livelihood. This kind of personal and arbitrary decision-making mechanism is really a dangerous mechanism.

The long-term historical existence of autocratic imperial power has prompted the Chinese nation to form an obsession with blind worship of power, as well as an indifference and numbness to its own awareness of rights. This contrast between power and awareness of rights is an important factor in the formation of the nation's slave and inferior surnames.

The root cause is in the modern civilized world with strong self-awareness and human rights awareness. This kind of slave and inferior surname has formed a strong autocratic and imperial power.

The long-term historical existence has formed a unified thinking mode in Chinese national culture. This thinking mode has led to the closedness of society and the innate rejection of diverse cultures. The autism of individual natural persons is a morbid psychology. And as a person

A country, a nation, China in modern times often plays a lonely, angry and autistic role in the international community. This is also a social pathology.

The historical existence of autocratic imperial power, and the context of discourse hegemony such as "those who gossip abandon the market and those who slander the clan" often create a large number of literary injustices. Under the coercion and inducement of this kind of silver power, out of the

Intentional avoidance and distortion of facts and truth has not only created a lot of cultural garbage, but also accumulated a lot of intellectual garbage (mainly in the humanities). This is the reality of Chinese cultural heritage!

On the road to integrating into modern civilization, an important task for the Chinese nation is to wake up from historical misunderstandings, wake up from the lies of sacred imperial power, and wake up from the intoxication of worship of power. Comprehensively clean up and criticize this heavy task.

Historical heritage. Nail all the tyrants and collaborators in history to the pillar of shame of history, so that future generations will remember their sins. Only in this way will the Chinese nation have a clear historical sky!

Of course, this kind of thinking is really not easy to crack. After all, it is a culture inherited from historical roots, especially Confucianism.

As the founder of Confucianism, Confucius was an educator, political thinker and writer. His ideological system is based on a series of basic concepts. These basic concepts are benevolence, etiquette, righteousness, and faith.

filial piety,

Compatibility, loyalty, forgiveness, doctrine of the mean, virtue, Tao, etc. These concepts, starting from the love of blood and family, are extended to "the benevolent love others". They are all humanized and humane. The core of these concepts are "benevolence" and "benevolence" and "benevolence".

"Ritual". "Benevolence" is a moral concept

Concepts and qualities. And "ritual" is a social and political system as well as an ethical norm. "Benevolence" is a moral attribute, and "ritual" is a moral standard. The combination of the two creates a country and society.

A high realm. This high realm is also

It must be achieved and maintained with the ideological qualities of righteousness, trust, filial piety, brotherhood, loyalty, forgiveness, moderation, morality, and Tao of personal cultivation. Especially in order to prevent going to extremes, the golden mean of "too much is not enough" is emphasized. This is a kind of

ideal social realm.

Mencius, as the second founder of Confucianism, developed the theory of benevolent government on the basis of Confucius' thought, the theory that the people are the foundation of the country, and the theory that the people value the king and despise him. He advocated that "the property of a wise king who governs the people must rely on those who can serve their parents, and those who can serve their parents."

An animal wife will be full for life in happy years, and will avoid death in bad years." He advocated that "the people are the most important, the country is second, and the king is the least." He also proposed: "The heart of compassion is the root of benevolence, and shame is the most important thing.

The heart of evil is the root of righteousness; the heart of resignation is the root of etiquette; the heart of right and wrong is the root of wisdom." It is advocated that we should "cultivate our awe-inspiring aura". The so-called "awe-inspiring aura" is actually the spiritual state of moral cultivation.

It is a spiritual state that regards fame and wealth as dirt, can sacrifice one's life to become a benevolent person, and sacrifice one's life for righteousness. This series of theoretical propositions are all based on the starting point of human beings being good.

The Confucianism of Confucius and Mencius has a strong color of humanistic ideals. Confucius's "lord, minister, father, son, son" is also an expression of an ideal social order. What is pursued is that each person maintains his own role and

The realm of responsibility. Even though Confucius' people-centered thought has a strong flavor of serving the people, empowering the people, and governing the people, under the historical conditions at that time, it was still a kind of "benevolent government" that recognized reality and was reasonable.

In short, the pre-Qin Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius is the main part of Chinese traditional culture that represents social justice, justice, and conscience. China wants to build a personal ethical and moral system. In addition to freedom, liberty, and the rule of law,

In addition to the universal values ​​of human rights and human rights, it also retains the ethical and moral framework with its own national cultural characteristics. Many contents of Pre-Qin Confucianism can be carried forward.

Qin Shihuang established a unified and highly centralized imperial power system with the help of Legalists. The design of the political system and legal system by Legalists was quite complete and comprehensive under the historical conditions at that time. In other words, the legal system

The family figures designed a complete legal system for traditional imperial power.

However, at the level of social ethics, that is, the design of orthodoxy is almost blank due to their despicable personal personalities. A society that lacks orthodoxy is a society that cannot withstand ethical questioning. The tyrannical rule of the Qin Dynasty was short-lived.

It is an inevitable result. Lack of orthodoxy is also one of the reasons.

In the Han Dynasty, the supreme ruler must of course learn from the lessons of the previous dynasty. Liu Bang implemented a series of frivolous corvee and small taxes, rested with the people, let nature take its course, and ruled by inaction. Therefore, although he retained the unified imperial power

system, but social conflicts have been alleviated and a relative peace and stability has been restored.

During the development period, Liu Bang appointed the Confucian scholar Shusun Tong to formulate the imperial rites. Shusun Tong was a so-called person who "knew the changes of the times."

He became a repetitive villain. The court rituals he formulated were to make the ministers "all fearful and respectful" in front of the emperor.

No one dares to shout and be disrespectful." The reason why this kind of court ritual became a model for later generations of court rituals is because it fixed the subordinates' subservient status to the emperor from a formal system and a psychological level. Through a series of stylized language, music

, ceremonial guards, specifications and prostrate body language. Position the emperor in

It is a position that is sacred and inviolable and must be 100% surrendered. The relationship between Western monarchs and ministers is far from reaching this absolute level. Western ministers see the monarch kneeling with one leg, which is a historical preservation function and is an early stage for the establishment of Confucianism.

A complete set of religious etiquette systems has been prepared.

At the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Liu Che appointed Dong Zhongshu to "depose hundreds of schools of thought and respect only Confucianism." This began to establish the dominance of Confucianism in the field of Chinese thought.

The Confucian system established by Dong Zhongshu downplayed the humanistic ethics and affinity of Confucianism and Mencius in the pre-Qin Dynasty. It transformed Confucianism into a complete set of theological systems with the interaction between heaven and man as the core and the skeleton of Yin and Yang and the Five Elements. The core of this system

It is the deified imperial rule,

Standardizing the order of imperial power and emphasizing the "divine right of kings" provided the theological basis for imperial power. In his hands, the Confucian system became a theological system similar to religion. Thus, Confucianism actually became "Confucianism". This is

The essence of Dong Zhongshu’s transformation of Confucianism.

The composition of the universe of "Yin Yang, Five Elements, Four Seasons and Four Directions" and the ethical norms of the Three Cardinal Principles and the Five Constant Constituents constitute Dong Zhongshu's explanatory framework for the universe and human society. This is the framework that a religious system must first establish. Then it must find an object of worship.

What Confucianism requires people to worship is

A human god - the emperor. He is a living natural person. This natural person will be born, old, sick and die. Therefore, the object of worship is constantly changing. However, the interpretation of the divine right of kings and the unity of heaven and man has made him deified. This has completely deviated from

Confucius’ principle of “not talking about strange powers and confusing gods”.

Confucian philosophy is a worldly philosophy, while religious philosophy is a worldly philosophy. Therefore, the attempt to turn Confucianism into Confucianism has a major inherent flaw and is an almost irreconcilable contradiction. Therefore, the Confucian system founded by Dong Zhongshu,

Although it has all the characteristics of religion

Characteristics, we can still only call it a quasi-religion. If this quasi-religion plays the role of a nation’s spiritual home, there is a huge and irreparable flaw. Therefore, it leads to the Chinese national religion.

Weakness of consciousness and lack of faith in the spiritual home.

The theological ideological system of the unity of nature and man constructed by Dong Zhongshu downplayed the humanistic ethics and family affection that the pre-Qin Confucianists valued; it downplayed Confucius and Mencius' benevolent political thoughts of "the people are the foundation of the country" and "the people are valued and the monarch is valued";

The true connotation of "benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and faith" strengthened the imperial rule and feudal order. This process of dilution and strengthening completely changed the nature of Confucianism. This kind of leaving the name behind the reality

of secret exchange

Conceptual techniques became the common techniques used by successive Chinese rulers. Later, the so-called Confucian masters who were officially praised by the government gradually improved and supplemented the Confucian ideological system, deepening the combination of Confucianism and feudal politics. All of them adopted this technique more and more.

Far away. The numerous schools of Confucianism and the numerous Confucian classics in history are all getting further and further away from the main purpose of Confucius and Mencius' thoughts. And most of them have become mysterious and mysterious, and they are incomprehensible!

From then on, Confucianism and Mencius were hijacked by the imperial system as a whole, playing the role of political ethics. The essence of Confucianism was diluted, stolen, and obliterated. Although Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties was the discovery and development of certain contents of Confucianism, it contributed to the development of imperial power.

The rational spirit within the system has returned to a certain extent, but it cannot change the fate of Confucianism being hijacked as a whole and becoming an ideological and spiritual slave of the imperial power system.

The quasi-religious system of Confucianism in China, as the dominant ideology in China, has always been the ideological governance resource of China’s feudal rulers. No matter whether the emperors in history were obsessed with Buddhism or Taoism, or even

Some kind of foreign ideology, or the latest

The high rulers became members of a foreign nation. In fact, from the perspective of consolidating imperial rule, they still ate Confucian food. Because the subjects of China had been educated by Confucianism to the point that even subconsciously, they would kowtow to the emperor and Bodhisattvas.

As long as it is orthodox, I will support it.

This kind of quasi-religious political ideology has always comprehensively influenced the Chinese nation. As a result, China has been in a quasi-theocratic social form for more than two thousand years. As we all know, in the history of the world, no matter what kind of

When a nation-state is in the social form of theocracy, it is without exception in the dark period of its history. Therefore

As a period of theocracy, it must be the most extreme period of rule. In this way, through the rule of Confucian thought, the Chinese state has been in a social form of quasi-theocracy for a long time. In this social form, the state fully controls

It affects the political life, economic life, cultural life and spiritual life of the people. It strangles the inner vitality of society to the extreme.

It is precisely because of this long-term foundation of a quasi-theocratic social form that in certain historical periods, such as the "Cultural Revolution" period, the role of state power became an all-powerful one. The degree of national and social integration reached

to a degree unique in world history. An extremely simple

The social life model of this country regulates the people of a country with a population of hundreds of millions in this way. As a result, the entire country is in a kind of religious fanaticism. The vast majority of the people are so poor in material life that they only have enough to sustain their lives.

Marginal. This is the extreme form of the Chinese-style theocratic social form!

Our nation should be wary of this form of rule that resembles theocracy, because it brings too many disasters. State power and public power should never be combined with any ideological system. Otherwise, it will be difficult

If the evil surnames that control state power expand, state power will definitely be alienated. The people's rights to freedom and independence can only be empty words!
To be continued...