The universe is a unity composed of space, time, matter, energy, and perhaps other factors that we do not yet know.

Through observations of cosmic microwave background radiation, scientists have calculated that our universe has expanded for about 13.82 billion years.

But the diameter of the universe is obviously greater than this value. The latest research believes that the diameter of the universe can reach 92 billion light years, or even larger.

The Big Bang is a cosmological model that describes the initial conditions of the birth of the universe and its subsequent evolution. This model has been supported by the most extensive and precise scientific research and observations today.

The Big Bang view commonly referred to by cosmologists is that the universe evolved from an initial state with extremely dense and extremely high temperatures before a limited time in the past, and reached its current state through continuous expansion.

Research in modern astronomy shows that the universe may be composed of different levels.

For example: many planets, asteroids, comets and meteor bodies all orbit around the central celestial body of the Sun, forming the solar system.

There are other planetary systems outside the solar system.

You can imagine that in the Milky Way, there are as many as 250 billion stars and interstellar matter similar to the sun.

The Milky Way has a diameter of about 100,000 light-years. The sun is located in a spiral arm of the Milky Way, about 30,000 light-years away from the core of the Milky Way.

Yes, the Milky Way has reached a level that is incomparable to us humans in terms of size and distance.

However, there are more similar celestial systems outside the Milky Way, which astronomy calls them extra-river galaxies.

Well, if you tell you, there are as many as 1 billion galaxies in the universe at the level of the Milky Way.

Do you instantly feel that the idea of ​​exhausting the universe is so out of reach!

However, this is not the end. Multiple galaxies gather into groups of large and small sizes, which are called galaxy clusters in astronomy. On average, each galaxy cluster has about a hundred galaxies with a diameter of more than tens of millions of light-years. We have discovered tens of thousands of these huge units at present!

Let’s not mention the guys who are too far away. Let’s talk about the galaxy clusters around us, a small galaxy cluster composed of about 40 galaxies, including the Milky Way, called this galaxy cluster.

In addition, if several galaxy clusters are gathered together, a higher level of celestial system - super galaxy clusters.

Supergalaxy clusters often have a flat and long shape, with a length of hundreds of millions of light-years.

After saying this, many interested astronomy enthusiasts will use a scale to describe the position and weight of our homeland and the earth in the universe.

The results of the description will definitely make people feel quite pessimistic.

For the entire universe, the earth is simply not even a drop in the ocean. It is just an optional small character.

Therefore, this Mars exploration operation that has excited the entire earth has no meaning in the context of the universe.

However, this interstellar exploration action, which seemed extremely humble under the perspective of the universe, has become an important milestone for the tiny earthlings to move into the depths of the universe and unveil the mysteries of the universe...

After all the ready-made starship spacecraft system (including Mars residence cabin, Mars landing aircraft, detachable nuclear-powered thruster and other components) completed its fourth flight around the earth, the Central Command Center of the Pacific Base of the Interstellar Exploration Alliance finally issued a command to set off for Mars.

"Starship Spaceship, I order you to quickly surpass the second universe speed and get out of orbit around the earth."

Gianna, director of the Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, issued the above action instructions at the pre-set planned time point.

The so-called three cosmic speeds sound very high, but they are actually just a few nouns defined by us humans based on our own insignificant cognition.

Starting from studying the motion laws of two particles under the action of gravity, scientists have achieved the minimum emission speed required to orbit the earth, leave the earth, and fly out of the solar system, namely the first cosmic velocity (7.9 km/s), the second cosmic velocity (11.2 km/s) and the third cosmic velocity (16.7 km/s).

However, such a speed level is so insignificant compared to the vastness of the universe.

"Accept the instructions and activate the Starship Spaceship's own propulsion system." After receiving the instructions from Gianna, Frank immediately asked the pilot Jason to activate the chemical propulsion system carried by the Starship Spaceship.

According to this space navigation plan, the next action to land on Mars will be roughly divided into four steps:

Step 1: Rely on the traditional chemical propulsion system carried by the starship spacecraft to enter the predetermined orbit around the sun;

Step 2: After entering the scheduled orbit around the sun, choose the appropriate opportunity and use the nuclear power propulsion system to quickly accelerate to Mars;

Step 3: Decelerate and enter the outer space of Mars, allowing Mars' gravity to capture the entire starship spacecraft system;

Step 4: Launch Mars residence pods and Mars landing vehicles to Mars respectively;

Although the chemical propulsion system is the technical equipment of the previous generation, the chemical propulsion system carried by the Starship Spacecraft is the pinnacle of the old propulsion system, and the performance of propulsion is also remarkable.

During the acceleration of the spacecraft, for safety reasons, 17 scientists and astronauts on the Starship Spacecraft had long used safety fixtures to sit firmly in the operating compartment.

Sitting in the front were the main driver Jenson, the co-pilot Keanu Reeves, and Captain Frank.

The gain performance of the chemical propulsion system is gradually increasing and has a steady growth rate.

Because the rapid development of larger accelerations is extremely unprofitable from the perspective of operation technology and fuel consumption.

The more important reason is that astronauts can't stand it at all.

Think about it, what will happen if an extremely large acceleration suddenly appears?

Bang!!!

A pile of rotten meat, yes, it feels as sour as if it fell off the roof of dozens of floors!

For example, if you live on a planet with a gravity of 10g or above, the heart cannot send blood to the brain.

Students who have done biological experiments must know that a centrifugal acceleration of up to 10,000 g of high-speed centrifuge can precipitate substances with a density greater than water in the cell into a thin layer. If it is replaced by an astronaut, the result may be directly turned into a photo.

Although the entire acceleration process of the Starship Spaceship will not be particularly rapid, Yuan Naichen, who is fixed on the seat, can still feel a clear feeling of pushing back.

In fact, the acceleration of the spacecraft is not as simple as imagined.

Although there is no air resistance in space, it is impossible for a stable acceleration object to increase infinitely in speed.

According to the theory of relativity, the mass of an object will increase sharply with the increase of speed, and the closer it is to the speed of light, the harder it is to accelerate. Acceleration to the speed of light requires infinite energy, which is basically impossible. For example, in a super-large hasin collider, even small protons can only be infinitely close to the speed of light.

In the ground command center, Jaina and other scientific experts are always paying attention to all the flight indexes of the Starship Spacecraft.

"Report Command Center, the current speed of the Starship Spacecraft is 11.3 km/s, and has begun to leave the Earth's orbit." After several hours of continuous acceleration, the Starship Spacecraft has finally begun to say goodbye to the Earth.

"Very good, please fly to the scheduled orbit around the sun, with a target speed of 13.2 km/s." Jaina continued to issue the next command.

"Received the command! Starship spacecraft continues to accelerate."

............

At the same time, on the distant earth, it is late at night in China.

The darkness of the night has gradually spread across the sky, and countless stars have broken through the night and poked their heads out.

Hanhai City, the source of Sun and Moon Stream, the moon shadow reflects in the stream, and fireflies are flying by the green mountains.

The tide of the night slowly soaks in the mountain stream, spreading out a faint ray of longing and sorrow.

A middle-aged couple sat shoulder to shoulder by the stream with their hands in hand.

Looking up at the night sky, the evening breeze gently blows the faces of the middle-aged couple.

The starry sky is particularly clear, and the distant stars shine like tiny tears...

The night is very quiet, the stars blink on their heads, and longing quietly sprouts in their hearts.

On the other side of the Pacific Ocean, it is located on the Stanford University campus in California.

A pretty and pretty woman was sitting upright in the classroom. Although the professor on the podium said something wonderful, she had already wandered around and was absent-minded. Occasionally, she looked through the window to the bright sky, and the dimples sank gently and showed a charming smile.

(To be continued) (Everyone is welcome to join the book friend exchange group: 529839423)
Chapter completed!