Chapter 422: Kaijian Xia Dynasty and hereditary as king

Among the Five Emperors, Emperor Yao overthrew the rule of his half-brother, Di Zhi at the age of 16, accepted Di Zhi's "abdication" and officially succeeded to the throne as the emperor, reigning for a total of 98 years.

Yao excavated Shun during his seventieth year of reign, and after another twenty years, he handed over political affairs to Yu Shun.

At this time, Yu Shun took over the emperor's rule, and there was no official title of emperor, and the nominal emperor was still Yao.

Of course, some people also speculate based on this that Shun imprisoned Yao and usurped the throne and ruled. However, these statements are mostly subjective speculations and have no evidence to be verified.

Shun became famous at the age of 20 and was enabled by Yao at the age of 30. At the age of 50, he began to take charge of the emperor's affairs. After eight years of his reign, Yao died.

After Yao's death, Shun mourned Yao for three years. After a fight with Yao's son Danzhu, he finally officially ascended the throne and became emperor. Shun was 61 years old that year.

Later, Shun became the emperor for thirty-nine years. When he was a hundred years old, Yao "traveled south and died in the wilderness of Cangwu. He was buried in Jiuyi, Jiangnan, and was Lingling."

As for why Shun went to a southern tour where he seemed to have "no piss" at that time when he was 100 years old, many people were suspicious, and some said that he was usurped by someone, hunted down, and fled. Of course, these are just rumors, at least, the reasons were not mentioned in the Records of the Grand Historian.

Among the Five Emperors, Shun had the deepest virtues and was most loved by the people. It is rumored that where Shun lives, where he lives in one year (i.e., villages), the city was established in the second year, and Chengdu in the third year (four counties were capitals).

Moreover, during Shun's administration, the performance of each official position was further clarified and a three-year performance evaluation system was stipulated.

In addition, Shun's most important achievement was that he used Dayu to successfully control the flood that had plagued the human race for nearly a hundred years.

It is precisely because Yu had great achievements in controlling the flood that when Shun got old, he "abdicated" the throne to the hero of controlling the flood, Dayu. As for whether there were swords and swords and human heads in the process of this so-called "abdication", it is unknown whether there were swords and swords and heads falling to the ground during this so-called "abdication".

After Dayu succeeded to the throne, he rectified his troops while restoring production and promoting government affairs.

In order to consolidate his ruling position, Dayu divided the country into nine provinces, namely Jizhou, Yanzhou, Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Yangzhou, Jingzhou, Yuzhou, Liangzhou, and Yongzhou. Each state has set up corresponding official positions to manage separately.

At the same time, Dayu also forced the collection of copper from the world and cast the nine tripods symbolizing the nine states to suppress the fortune of his Great Xia clan, hoping to unify the prehistoric world for thousands of years. These nine tripods have thus become a symbol of the royal power of the Great Xia Dynasty.

In fact, in the early days of Dayu's rule over the human race, his dominance was relatively stable.

Since I had just experienced floods, although the floods had receded in many places, the land was still a swamp. Therefore, Dayu taught people to sow rice in low-lying places. In this way, not only did farming be restored, but also made agriculture a greater progress.

Since then, the tribes in the Central Plains gradually formed a tribal alliance ruling group with the Xia people as the core.

Although all the tribes in the Central Plains sincerely supported Dayu's rule, some of them were still dissatisfied with remote tribes and even rebels.

For this reason, Dayu ordered Gao Yao to formulate a series of punishments. Anyone who did not obey orders in various clans and tribes would be punished with punishments. After a series of conquests, Dayu's ruling status was finally stabilized.

I would like to mention Gao Yao here.

Gao Yao was Zhuanxu's seventh son, a judge, that is, the chief judicial officer, and the first judge who can be examined in my country's history.

Legend has it that Gao Yao has a green face and a bird's beak and an iron face. Gao Yao is regarded as the founder of the judicial circle in my country.

In addition, Gao Yao was also named the God of Prison because Gao Yao "draws the land into a prison" and invented the earliest place for criminals to concentrate on detention, prison.

Moreover, the first criminal law in history was formulated by Gao Yao.

Although Gao Yao had never been an emperor, he was respected as the "Four Ancient Saints" by later generations, along with Yao, Shun and Yu. This shows how noble character of Gao Yao is.

It is rumored that when Emperor Yao was about to make two laws at the same time, one is a criminal law aimed at punishing criminals, and the other is a civil law aimed at protecting the interests of the people.

Emperor Yao said, "It's okay to formulate criminal laws! But, civil laws should not be formulated. With criminal laws, the people will be respectful, and the world will naturally be peaceful. But if you formulate another civil law so that officials are not allowed to infringe on the interests of the people and put the people first, who is willing to become an official? Do you really think that the purpose of being an official is to make the decision for the people? Besides, even the people cannot move, how can the majesty of our emperor be reflected?"

The leader refused to enact civil laws, and Gao Yao was depressed.

Fortunately, within a few years, the saint Tang Yao died and Shun officially succeeded to the throne, so Gao Yao once again proposed to Shun the matter of formulating civil law.

He consciously created a peaceful and prosperous era, so Shun naturally did not want anyone to dare to question his ruling status, so he replied, "The sages do not change the customs and teach them, while the wise do not change the law and govern. Those who teach them for the people will succeed without work; those who govern according to the law will be familiar with the officials and the people will be at peace. If the law is reformed, people will be afraid that people will be confused and the people will be invaded by the new law."

Needless to say, this saint king is also afraid that the people will rebel, so they will come to revolutionize their lives at any time! So, it is better to maintain tradition!

Although the two applications for legislation were not successful, Gao Yao was not discouraged and still wholeheartedly thought about the noble cause of serving the people.

Gao Yao also had a long life. He dragged the two emperors Tang Yao and Yu Shun to death, but he still jumped alive, jumping up and down.

When Dayu was controlling the flood, Gao Yao led his son Bo Yi and others to assist Dayu in controlling the flood. During the flood control process, Gao Yao's family worked hard and worked diligently, making great contributions to quelling the flood. It can be said that his contribution was not inferior to Dayu.

However, Dayu was the top leader in flood control. Although Gao Yao was old and had great achievements, no matter how great his contributions were, the history books would record that "Dayu was good at leading the children's shoes" and so on.

When Yu Shun died, Dayu officially succeeded to the throne.

At the beginning of his succession, in order to demonstrate his sage virtue of being devoted to serving as a public servant, Dayu seemed to be anxious to meet with his ministers and announced that after his death, the next successor to the throne would be the most respected Gao Yao.

But in fact, Gao Yao was much older than Yu. If nothing unexpected happened, Gao Yao would not have the chance to inherit the throne.

Although everyone knew Yu's tricks well, they still praised him well. He said that Dayu was dedicated to serving the people, and he was a sage king and a role model for all ages, and a model for our generation.

Even so, Dayu was still not relieved, afraid that Gao Yao, the immortal, would really live longer than his life.

Dayu advocated cruel officials and intended to aggravate the criminal measures, so he forced Gao Yao to amend the criminal law according to his own wishes. Gao Yao refused to obey, and was harmed by Dayu on the pretext.

Later, Dayu selected another criminal officer to provide a legal basis for his family traditions of the throne. At the same time, he also formulated a series of tortures such as topping, cutting noses, digging eyes, peeling, halving, and snatching feet.

Although Dayu laid the foundation for his son's succession to the throne, according to convention, the common rule is to be recognized by most members of the tribal alliance.

Gao Yao's son, Bo Yi, also made immortal achievements in Dayu's flood control process. At the same time, Bo Yi was also very good at handling government affairs. Therefore, Bo Yi had a high reputation among all tribes. At the Tribal Alliance Conference, the leader of each tribe recommended Bo Yi as Dayu's successor.

Bo Yi, Gao Yao's eldest son, also known as Bo Yi and Bai Yi.

Bo Yi was originally a horse-occupied official during the Shun period. Because he was successful in raising horses, he was given the surname "Win".

Later, Bo Yi followed Dayu to control the flood and made great achievements. He taught people to grow rice in low-lying areas, which was invented and promoted by Bo Yi.

Boyi is the most famous, most historically significant invention, and has been used to this day, even if it is well-drilling technology.

Before learning to dig a well, people had to live by the water. Even if floods occur from time to time, people had to endure it and dare not stay away.

After the invention of the well-drilling technology, people began to slowly expand towards wider plains, mountains and other places.

Moreover, Bo Yi was good at communicating with birds and beasts, and also traveled almost all over the country during Dayu's flood control process. Later, Bo Yi recorded the mountains, rivers, birds, beasts, and strange stories one by one, which became the earliest blueprint for the classics of the mountains and seas.

After Dayu pacified the world, Boyi assisted Dayu in restoring agricultural production and developing the economy.

Dayu advocated force, and Dayu used violent means to suppress all people or forces that dared to question their authority.

It was Bo Yi who proposed the strategy of combining hardness and softness and giving both kindness and power, which allowed Dayu to quickly subdue the ethnic minority tribes in remote areas.

In the late period of Dayu's rule, Dayu wanted to push his son to the throne, so he used despicable means to assassinate Gao Yao, who was the most prestigious.

Later, Dayu also nominally declared Bo Yi as his successor, but in fact he gave up Bo Yi's real power and sealed him far from the Dongyi Qin land, which was still a barren land at that time, so that he could stay away from the center of power. The real power departments, especially the control of the army, were handed over by Dayu to his son Qi and his confidant subordinates.

Dayu died in his reign for twenty-seven years, and he was one hundred years old at the age of one hundred.

Later, according to the traditional "democratic election" method, Bo Yi succeeded to the throne, which should have been jointly elected by a tribe.

However, Qi, who had already grasped most of the military power in the country, did not wait for the tribes to conspire to make Bo Yi the emperor, and immediately launched a rebellion, led the Xia army to launch a thunderous offensive against the Dongyi Qin territory.

Si Qi had been planning for a long time, and his soldiers were strong and brave. Bo Yi had always paid attention to moral politics and had few military skills. In addition, he did not expect the war to break out so suddenly. He was caught off guard by Si Qi and was caught off guard and defeated the army.

Adhering to Dayu's tyranny, Si Qi launched a massacre in Qin and killed hundreds of thousands of Qin spirits. The other prisoners were demoted to slaves by Si Qi.

After Ying Boyi's death, the Qin tribesmen could not bear the violent killing of Si Qi. Some survivors began to flee from Dongyi, migrated westward, and continued to the northwest and Shaanxi for a generation today.

It was not until nearly two thousand years later that the descendants of the Ying clan finally rose again, with Xianyang as the center, established the first feudal dynasty in history, the Great Qin Empire. The man's name was Ying Zheng, who was Qin Shihuang.

However, at this time, the Ying clan of the Qin tribe, which Bo Yi belonged to, temporarily withdrew from the stage of history.

Xia Qi defeated the Dongyi Qin tribe, but it caused panic among other tribes.

Because Ying Boyi was very prestige and was the successor of Dayu, which was recognized by all tribes. Si Qi sent troops to kill Ying Boyi this time, but there was a rebellion. Moreover, the Xia tribe was so powerful that it was cruel and violent, almost killing all the Qin tribe's elites, and all the women and children were demoted to slaves and became Si Qi's private property. Such almost brutal behavior made other tribes feel deeply afraid.

Some tribes represented by the Youhu clan expressed dissatisfaction with Si Qi's violent rule and rejected the tribe leader alliance meeting held by Si Qi in the early days. Therefore, Si Qi raised troops to conquer the Youhu clan, destroyed its clan, and demoted the captives to slaves.

Since then, the ruling status of the Xia tribe was further consolidated. Then, Si Qi clarified the hereditary system of the Xia Dynasty in the form of law, and completely overturned the previous "abdication" system that seemed to exist in the nominal form.

In fact, the "family world" did not start just after Yu passed the throne to Qi.

The earliest family inheritance of the world originated from Emperor Huang of Xuanyuan. After Gongsun Xuanyuan died, he "abdicated" the throne to his grandson Zhuanxu.

After Zhuanxu died, he "abdicated" the throne to his nephew Di Ku.

After Emperor Ku's death, he "abdicated" the throne to his eldest son Di Zhi.

Emperor Zhi was in power for nine years and was forced to "abdicate" and get out of the throne by his half-brother Tang Yao, who had just grown up.

When Tang Yao was old, he "abdicated" the throne to his son-in-law Yu Shun.

When Shun was 100 years old, he "abdicated" the throne to Dayu, who had made great contributions in controlling the water. He went to the south of the wilderness at the age of 100 to "sightseeing" in the wilderness. As a result, he died in a foreign land and could not even transport the body back to his hometown after his death. This is at least, theoretically speaking, quite strange for the Chinese who have always had a rural complex.

Although the "abdication" system widely praised by later historians, there are still many things worth pondering in the details, but after all, it is still a nominal orthodox system.

When Dayu succeeded to the throne and became emperor, he tampered with the old system and put forward the institutional concept of "family and world" in the form of law for the first time, and his son Si Qi completely put it into practice.

With the further development of private ownership and the emergence of frequent wars, coupled with the strong promotion of Si Qi, the original primitive social system finally broke down, and the human race began to enter the stage of slave society rule, and the first slave country was the Great Xia Dynasty announced by Qi.

After Si Qi reigned for thirty-nine years, Qi's son Taikang won the battle for the throne and inherited the throne.

In his later years, Qi was indulging in his sensuality and abandoning state affairs. He had constant internal class struggles and many contradictions. He had rebellions from the four barbarians outside and was connected by war.

When Taikang succeeded to the throne, there was still no improvement in political affairs.

So the Dongyi tribe took advantage of the situation and rose again. Seeing that there was an opportunity, the Youqiong clan took advantage of Taikang to take advantage of the opportunity, so he took advantage of Taikang's hunting to control the capital Xiayi (now Yuzhou, Henan). This year was the fourth year of Taikang.

In desperation, Taikang had to flee and moved the capital to Zenhui (now Yanshi, Henan), which was to "Taikang lost his country."

After Taikang escaped, Houyi, the chief of the Youqiong clan, made Taikang's younger brother Zhongkang the emperor, and the country name was still called Xia.

Zhongkang reigned for seven years and ended. Later, Zhongkang's son Si succeeded to the throne, and Si Xiang reigned for twenty-eight years.

At that time, Houyi's adopted son Han Wu rebelled and killed Houyi, seized the rule of the Youqiong clan, killed Si Xiang, and destroyed the title of Xia Kingdom, causing the rule of the Xia Dynasty to be interrupted for forty years.
To be continued...