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The contents of Li Mingyuan's public speech at the Yong'an Hydropower Station spread rapidly within half a month and caused quite a stir in European and American countries.

Electric lights and generators, like the four great inventions of ancient China, were originally invented by Western countries. However, in terms of technological improvement and practicality, the Han Dynasty was ahead of the Western countries in two subdivisions.

In 1854, Henry Goebel, a German watchmaker who immigrated to the United States, used a carbonized bamboo wire placed in a vacuum glass bottle to make the first practical electric lamp, which lasted for 400 hours.

In 1860, the Englishman Joseph Swan also made a carbon filament electric lamp, but he failed to obtain a good vacuum environment that could keep the carbon filament working for a long time.

In 1878, British vacuum technology developed to a desirable level. He invented a light bulb that was energized by carbon filaments under vacuum, and obtained a British patent. In early 1875, after purchasing the vacuum patent, Edison conducted experiments to improve the filament.

In the second half of 1880, a carbonized bamboo filament lamp was produced that could last for 1,200 hours.

The carbonized bamboo filament lamp is a practical new incandescent lamp. However, because some of the technical patents for preparing carbonized bamboo filament lamps are in the hands of Henry Goebbels, the U.S. Patent Office determined that Edison's invention of the carbon filament incandescent lamp was attributed to him.

Later, the patent became invalid.

The patent application was rejected, and the industrial production of carbonized bamboo filament lamps was put on hold. While Edison was busy fighting a patent lawsuit with Henry Goebbels's widow, bright lights were already lighting up the streets of Chang'an, the capital of Han Dynasty.

Tungsten incandescent lamp.

Tungsten filament incandescent lamps use a new technology, bypassing the patented technology system of Western countries, and are a more economical and promoteable product than carbonized bamboo filament lamps.

"Tungsten filament incandescent lamps have high illumination intensity, their lifespan is two to three times that of carbonized incandescent lamps, and their overall economic cost is half that of carbonized bamboo filament lamps...

From a scientific and technological perspective, we have to admit that the tungsten filament incandescent lamp is an invention with very superior performance, and its emergence is an epoch-making change in the field of electric lighting..."

When German engineers transferred relevant performance data from tungsten filament incandescent lamps back to Europe, it set off a wave of momentum in the European electrical science community.

"My team and I have already started screening experiments for preparing metals for incandescent lamp filaments. If it were not for the obstruction of the U.S. Patent Office and Mrs. Henry Goebbels' patent application for carbonized bamboo filament lamps, I believe that the first invention of tungsten filament would be

The honor of the incandescent lamp will belong to the United States, not to a South American country that has just learned industrial reforms from Western civilized societies.

As a pure scientific researcher who loves inventions, I have an equal attitude towards civilized races in any region of the world. However, the actions of the U.S. Patent Office are heartbreaking and infuriating. They do not respect the hard work of American scientists.

As a result, with their old thinking as hard as stone, they arbitrarily killed countless great technological inventions and hindered the further development and improvement of the United States in the field of science and technology. Regarding the actions of the U.S. Patent Office, I am not only sad for the carbonized bamboo filament lamp

I feel sad about my fate, and I feel even more dissatisfied with the countless scientific inventors who have been treated unfairly like me.

The sadness and sorrow in my heart are not for myself, but for the future of the American scientific community...

Here, I publicly publish my true thoughts, hoping that the great American government can be as it promotes, an ideal country of freedom, equality, and respect for science, rather than one that allows the patent office to do whatever it wants and arbitrarily stifles scientists' inventions.

Barbaric country!”

In the United States, Edison was extremely angry when he learned that tungsten incandescent lamps had taken the lead and were put into production earlier than carbonized bamboo lamps. He excitedly issued a public statement in newspapers and magazines, criticizing the conservative and backward management methods of the U.S. Patent Office.

Following Edison, American researchers engaged in the study of hydroelectric generators also filed lawsuits with the federal government. They accused local officials in Wisconsin of deliberately delaying and neglecting the Fox Hydropower Station, which delayed the construction progress of the Fox Hydropower Station and fell behind the Hanguo Xing'an Hydropower Station.

behind.

Faced with pressure from the new electric field and other scientific researchers who were catching up to join in the fun, on November 14, 1882, the U.S. Patent Office used rare high efficiency to persuade Henry Goebbels's widow to reach an understanding with Edison and complete the carbonized bamboo filament lamp.

Patent disputes.

On the European continent, the reaction of the scientific circles in Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Russia is not the same. Some scientists believe that the achievements of South American Han in two sub-fields are just a flash in the pan, which cannot explain the achievements of Han in the overall science.

competitiveness in the field,

From a relatively fair and neutral perspective, some scientists point out that South America, as an emerging country composed of Chinese immigrants, some whites, and a few Indians, was able to succeed one after another under the condition that the overall scientific quality of its citizens was far lower than that of Western powers.

It has made significant progress in the fields of electricity, medicine, military, steel and other fields. It took only fourteen years for a completely backward industrial country to become a primary industrial country with breakthrough achievements in certain industrial fields.

A very remarkable achievement. They advocated that the Western powers should face up to the strength and achievements of the South American Han scientific community from the perspective of scientists.

After more than ten years of low-key development, the unknown scientific community in Han Dynasty suddenly showed scientific and technological achievements, which not only surprised the Western scientific community, but also greatly inspired overseas Chinese and international students who were sinking into the lowest level of national civilization.

"When will I wake up from a thousand-year dream? Who in my sleepy land will sound the alarm?

Jiashen’s country has been mourned for three hundred years, and a good man has the forbearance to give it away!..."

In the woods outside the University of Berlin, more than three hundred Chinese students gathered together and excitedly recited Li Mingyuan's speech:

“Looking at all the countries in the world, there is still no law that has not changed for five thousand years.

Jiashen national mourning, the Central Plains fell, and now, the people are liberated! Men shave off their money rat tails, and women loosen their traditional hairstyles and tie up new styles of hair!

The national spirit has changed, but improving national strength still requires the efforts of all citizens!

Emphasis on education, independence of culture, and advancement of technology!

Only by adhering to the three core principles of reform can the empire embark on the road to prosperity and strength.

Only with the unity of all citizens can the country resist foreign aggression!......

I hate the bullying of the foreign barbarians in the United States! Today I swear together with all the people:

As long as the country does not become prosperous and strong, the struggle will continue. As long as the citizens are not respected overseas, the struggle will continue! As long as the foreigners do not give up their hostile policy towards the empire, the struggle will continue..."

…………

“As the country becomes less prosperous and stronger, the struggle will continue!

The day our citizens are not respected overseas, the struggle will continue!

As long as the foreign barbarians do not give up their policy of hostility to the empire, their struggle will continue..."

Hundreds of students kept repeating the last paragraph of the speech, with excited and excited expressions on their young and passionate faces!

"Classmates! Compatriots! Have you seen it? The first hydroelectric power station and the first tungsten filament incandescent lamp were invented by local Chinese scientists! The Chinese nation is still the majestic and progressive nation it was before! We are in the field of science

They are no worse than white people! The Chinese have never been an inferior and inferior race!"

Tan Yaoxun stood in the woods and said hoarsely, "Youth are the hope of the country and the future of the nation. The country spends precious financial funds to send us to study in Europe. We must not let down the expectations of His Majesty and the country, and we must not waste precious time studying abroad."

Chance!"

"Yes! His Majesty has issued a call to us. All Chinese people should work hard for the sake of the country and the prosperity of the nation!"

Among the seventeen young children studying in the United States who were the first to escape the supervision of Qing diplomats at the University of Berlin and were arranged by the Han government, they were about to complete their university studies. As one of the young children studying in the United States who defected to the Han Dynasty, Pan Mingzhong, Tan Yaoxun, Shi Jinyong, Cao Cao

The three of them were arranged together to receive higher education at the University of Berlin.

"Brother Tan, Brother Shi, Brother Cao and I will all graduate next year. Now that all the professional subjects in the school have been completed, I suggest that we use the six months between now and graduation to go to large industrial areas around Berlin with the four of us.

Factory interviews, internships, and early contact with the German industrial production industry will make you more fully prepared for returning to China in six months!”

"I am majoring in steel smelting, and I want to interview with the Ruhr Area Steel United Group!"

"My major is chemistry, and I want to do an internship at Bayer for a while..."

"I am studying shipbuilding, and I may have to go to coastal areas to find internship opportunities."

"My major is also steel smelting. Brother Shi and I can go to the same company for interviews"...

After the four people named the internship unit they wanted to go to, other Chinese students gathered in the woods also spoke: "Brother Li, Wang and I have just entered the freshman year this year, but we can use the holidays to

Time, go to the factory for internship.”…

"Yes, there is me, I can also take time off to do an internship in the factory"......

The weather in Germany in November reached sub-zero temperatures, but the Chinese students in the woods seemed not to feel the cold around them, and everyone's face was full of vitality.

"Everyone, be quiet and listen and say something!"

Seeing the students who were in high spirits, Tan Yaoxun raised his hoarse voice and said loudly: "Dear students, the purpose of our study abroad is to learn scientific knowledge, and learning is the first priority. If the courses taken by freshmen and sophomores are

If you are nervous, there is no need to follow me to the factory for internship. You can also make use of a small amount of free time and translate a small part of German textbooks after school every day. If you persist for a long time, more than 300 international students at the University of Berlin, according to the daily

It takes two students to translate a textbook in two years, and it takes four years to graduate. The University of Berlin can provide the locals with 600 Chinese textbooks of different majors and different levels of difficulty.

My classmates, the number of the new generation of local children exceeds four million. Every year in the future, a group of hundreds of thousands or even millions of children will enter school. There is a shortage of local talents who understand foreign languages ​​​​and can write professional foreign language books.

Using the professional knowledge learned by our international students to translate German, English, French and other foreign language textbooks into Chinese can make a profound contribution to local education!"

The pain in his throat forced Tan Yaoxun to stop his speech for a moment. Just one minute later, he continued, "The way for international students to serve the country is not only through internships in factories. We should try anything that is beneficial to the country!"

Now, please go to Brother Shi and Brother Cao to register the categories of your choice. After the registration is completed, we will first contact other students studying in Germany, and then make plans based on the selected factories and the different textbooks to be translated.

Assign tasks.”…………

The Han Dynasty first sent the first batch of overseas students to Germany in 1871. In the following twelve years, from 1871 to 1878, the Han government sent a total of 3,278 overseas students to Europe.

In more than three years from 1879 to 1882, the number of overseas students, including official and private students, reached 3,900, exceeding the total number of official students in the previous seven years.

The rapid growth of government-sponsored and private self-financed students abroad has benefited from the financial funding tilt of the local government of Han and the continuous development of local education levels.

According to government statistics, in June 1881, the first batch of 207 native-born boys aged 11 or 12 who were screened by the Ministry of Education and performed well in school were sent to Germany after completing five years of primary education.

Accept a study abroad career lasting about ten years,

In June 1882, the second batch of 400 young international students were sent to Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire to receive intermediate and advanced education.

Behind Han's breakthrough in the field of science and technology is the overseas student program that has been promoted for more than ten years and is gradually showing results.

The young local new generation has followed the footsteps of their predecessors and embarked on the road of studying abroad in foreign countries. Their predecessors, Tan Yaoxun and other international students who are about to complete or are currently studying, are rushing to notify, contact, and try to use their respective
Chapter completed!