Laojun said: People practice yang virtues, and people will respond to it themselves; people practice yin virtues, and ghosts and gods will respond to it. People practice yang evil, and people will respond to it themselves; people practice yin evil, and ghosts and gods will harm it. Looking for these two ways, yin and yang rewards, is it a slander? Therefore, doctors cannot rely on their own strengths and concentrate on pursuing wealth and property, but have the heart to save suffering, and feel good about themselves. In addition, they cannot use wealth and honor to dispose of precious medicines, which makes it difficult for them to find, and show off their own functions. I am not loyal and forgiving. I am determined to help, so I also discuss it in a slander. Scholars should not be ashamed of being vulgar....

——Excerpt from "The Great Doctor's Sincerity" Sun Simiao (Tang Dynasty) "Preparation for Emergency and Financial Prescriptions"

...

"Fu'er, what do you feel?" Xu Taifu smiled and said

Bai Fu was still unfulfilled and said, "This courtyard seems colorless and flowerless, but it contains some kind of power. When you are in it, you can quickly abandon distracting thoughts, meditate on your mind, and perceive enlightenment.

This power is also a bridge, which not only allows the viewer to perceive the spiritual expression of the gardener, but also allows the viewer's inner world to communicate with the world."

"What is spiritual expression?" Xu Taifu asked.

"It is a kind of Zen that can concreteize the feelings that cannot be seen and replace them with their own mentality with a specific form. It is like the gains and losses of mountains and rivers." Bai Fu replied.

"There is no gain or loss in the mountains and rivers, and gain or loss lies in people's hearts."

Xu Taifu said: "The virtue of my Tang Dynasty gardens is only the mountains and water. Picking mountains and water to regulate water is the basic key to designing a courtyard.

We have also appreciated the garden courtyards of famous families such as Dugu and Changsun in Chang'an. Tell me, what is the meaning of 'collecting mountains and rivers'? What is the difference between the courtyards in Chang'an and here?"

Seeing that Xu Taifu was considerate of himself, Bai Fu laughed secretly in his heart and said with a reserved moment: "'Picking mountains', also known as building mountains and stacking mountains, is the craftsmanship of stacking rockery with soil, stones, etc. to form rockery.'Preparing water' refers to the use of water and using water to build a landscape.

In Chang'an, the miniature mountain pool with "gathering fist stones to make mountains, and surrounding water to make pools" is popular. The composition of peak stones imitates mountains, the more realistic the better.

The mountain scenery is necessary in the garden, and rockery must be stacked in the courtyards of wealthy and prominent families. The earthy mountains are solidified with stones, like human bones; the stone mountains are cultivated and full of vitality.

Today's royal relatives often focus on the mountains, lush and lush, forests and wild, although they spend less, they have obvious results. They form the posture of "Hirooka Kosaka, curved banks return to the sand". "Woods and stones are embellished, every stroke of cloud forest, combined with trees and jagged hillsides, and the coiled roots are embedded in stone, just like a painting.

Dugu, Changsun and other famous families mainly use stones, and require stones to be "small imitated cloud forests, large clans have been long, and even though the blocks are stubborn, they are even more steadily. The difficulty of stacking stones is very high, and mountain craftsmen cannot become good scenery unless they are masters. Once the scenery is completed, the core scenery in the garden is high and steep, and the streams and caves are twisted thousands of times, and the landscape is painted. "The walls are hidden around the windows, like a picture of Xiao Li; the rocks are piled up and the rocks are split, and the walls are unkempt, making the viewer "just open the dust and think about it, and plan to walk into the painting."

Apart from the mountain scenery, most families have water views in their courtyards. Some are vast and the sky is shining with clouds; some are green lotus and the sky is connected to the sky, and lotus blooms and fish swim. If the water interest is combined with mountains and rocks, surrounded by water and connected by mountains and rivers, then the water will be "the water follows the mountains and the mountains live by water", which is the most poetic and picturesque."

Mr. Xu was stunned and said, "I didn't expect that Master Qingxuan also had research on landscapes, which really made me admire him."

"Tao Fu, he teases you."

A silver bell-like laughter came, and it turned out that the little novice monk called Li Xuexuan too. Some time ago, thanks to Li Xuexuan's careful care, the Taifu recovered so quickly. The Taifu really liked this child, and when he saw it, he was warm and happy.

The Grand Tutor turned his head and looked at Bai Fu, and was having fun. Grand Tutor Xu knew that it was necessary to be strange, so he pretended to be angry and said, "Don't you come to the real thing?"

Bai Fu finally stopped laughing and said, "Don't blame the Grand Tutor. On that day, he visited the courtyard of Mr. Changsun's house. Mr. Changsun secretly sent me a note, saying that the family of the Dugu old master would definitely take the questions about gardens in the future, so that I could remember the answers carefully. I didn't think so at that time, but they didn't expect that they didn't ask, Mr. Tai, you took the exam. Haha."

The Grand Tutor changed his mind and laughed silently, saying in his heart: "This old guy is good at being good and secretly understands the topic. Cough, why am I the same? Haha."

Li Xuexuan held the Grand Tutor and smiled and said, "Tribute, Senior Brother Fu guessed the question according to the answer to the riddle, but it didn't count. You can tell us a good idea."

Mr. Xu smiled and said, "Okay, the garden next door is also a classic courtyard. Let's talk while walking."

The little novice monk led the three of them into another garden and smiled and said, "Mr. Xu, please ask first. I will wait for Master here and meet you later."

After saying goodbye, Xu Taifu pointed to the garden and said, "This garden is the work of Zen Master Kong before he became a monk. When it was completed, it was also famous in Luoyang, and even Emperor Wu Zhao was lingering."

Bai and Li increased their interests greatly.

Xu Taifu said: "'Doshan' originated from the 'tai' in the 'yuan' of classical gardens, and the 'tai' is a symbol of the high mountain.

Myths and legends: There are three fairy mountains, Penglai, Japan and Fangzhang above the East China Sea. The three fairy mountains are mysterious and beautiful, empty and ethereal, coming and going with the wind, appearing and looming. The clouds hide their appearance, and the waves hide their shapes. Only immortals with deep Taoism and square roots can climb to the three fairy islands and see the fairy.

The First Emperor imitated three fairy mountains and dug pools to build islands in Shanglinyuan, forming a pattern of "one pool and three mountains" and officially began the "mountain" craftsmanship method in the garden. The use of real stones to pile mountains began in the Han Dynasty, with "the structure of stones being made into mountains, more than ten feet high and several miles long."

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the subtle influence of landscape poetry and painting, "There are many scenic spots, and the mountains and forests are within reach, and the beauty lies in the one person." The method of picking mountains and craftsmen with the mountains and peaks gradually became a style and became popular all over the world. Du Gongbu's "Rock Mountains·Preface" says: "The soil in the hall is built into a mountain, and a foot of it is enough to replace the rotten wood..."

According to the shape of the mountain, the mountain can be divided into mountain peaks, secondary peaks, matching peaks, and foot of the mountain. The mountain peaks are the highest peaks of the entire garden.

According to the stone materials for picking mountains, they can be divided into three types: earth mountains, stone mountains and earth stone mountains. Earth mountains are mainly soil, pile up high slopes, and build "big mountains". Build pavilions along the mountain, plant trees widely. Tree roots consolidate soil, and branches and leaves line the pavilions. People are in the pavilions, and the pavilions are in the mountains. The heaven and man are united and natural.

The stone mountains are built with stones, cliffs, and "gull mountains". Most of the stones to build mountains are lake stones, yellow stones, yellow stones, bamboo stones, and pebbles. The lake stones are built with thick and thick, gentle and colorful, and less artificial"; the yellow stones are mixed with mountains, and the yellow stones are mixed with ethereality, and there are many twists and turns.

The earth and stone mountains are built with earth and stones, which have both the charm of the earth and mountains stacked with mountains and the lofty stone mountains that are towering into the clouds.

According to the landscape, you can divide the seventeen kinds of mountain scenery, including Garden Mountain, Hall Mountain, Lou Mountain, Ge Mountain, Study Mountain, Chi Mountain, Inner Room Mountain, Cliff Mountain, Mountain Stone Pool, Goldfish Tank, Peaks, Rocks, Caves, Streams, Curved Water, Waterfalls, etc.

References:

1. "What is the relationship between Japanese dry landscapes and Chinese landscape paintings?", Wang Shuyao, Harper's Bazaar Art, June 9.
Chapter completed!