Li Zhongxin was always worried a long time ago, worried that the things in his hands would be fake. After all, Li Zhongxin was a reborn person and had a lot of hearing about the fraud in the cultural relics market.

However, after identification by Huang Lao and others, they were basically authentic, but there were no good cultural relics in the basement.

According to Huang Lao, after the founding of New China, the antique industry was controlled by the state, and only state-owned cultural relics companies were operated on the market, and private antique shops were abolished. Moreover, the state did not allow individuals to buy and sell antiques and cultural relics. Therefore, before the 1980s

There is no way to talk about fake antiques. At this time, the antique market is not open yet. If you want to buy antiques and other things, you still need to go to the frivolous market. Therefore, under normal circumstances, buyers like Li Zhongxin will not have any fake antiques.

of.

In terms of porcelain! In the mid-to-late 1980s, people in Shaanxi, Henan and other places forged Tang Sancai and pottery. It can be said that those places were the origins of antiques and fakes. At this time, the atmosphere was damaged by them and they made fakes.

The wind has just become a rampant state.

Some people who don’t know how to do things say that counterfeiting antiques has been a habit of Chinese people for hundreds of years. For example, there were many fake calligraphy and paintings in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

However, according to Huang Lao, this is purely nonsense. Calligraphy and painting are the traditional Chinese culture and art passed down from generation to generation (one piece of paper and one pen has no capital to speak of). Both calligraphy and painting have traditions and habits of copying.

Many people mistakenly regard those copied works as fake works in ancient times, which is a huge misunderstanding!

Of course, people make fake calligraphy and paintings in ancient times or after liberation, but most of them are not for economic purposes, and there are fewer batch forgery.

As for Lang Tingwen's Chinese history, there were three periods of antique frauds that were rampant. The first was in the Song Dynasty, the second was in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and the third was in the Republic of China. Are these rumors true?

This is how Mr. Huang replied to Lang Ting. Mr. Huang said: "Before the Republic of China, all of them were feudal dynasties. The characteristics of these dynasties were that they were rigorous hierarchies and harsh codes. Any violation of regulations and rules would lead to death.

For example, for hundreds of years, the bright yellow, five-clawed dragon, nine-level steps all represent imperial power. Even if the prince is used in violation of regulations, he will be punished for rebellion.

For example, the official kiln porcelain was fired for the royal family. During the firing, the emperor sent a special person to serve as the chief pottery officer to supervise the production. After firing, the other items of the official must be selected, and the rest will be broken and buried deep underground. If someone

If you dare to keep it, you will be killed without mercy; if someone imitates the official kiln artifacts, they will kill nine clans for crimes of rebellion! Therefore, from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the official kiln artifacts were basically rewarded by the emperor before they flowed into the people.

It is worth mentioning that some people misunderstand the retro-style style of Song Dynasty culture and Emperor Qianlong's habit of worshipping ancients into fake styles.

There was a retro cultural trend in the Song Dynasty in China, especially in some rituals and ritual utensils, which advocated Shang and Zhou culture. Therefore, many of the Song Dynasty porcelains (mainly ritual utensils) were imitated in the shape of Shang and Zhou bronzes, but they all

It was just a model of Shang and Zhou utensils based on the unique materials and craftsmanship of the Song Dynasty.

In the Song Dynasty, copper was strictly prohibited from imitating bronze artifacts from Shang and Zhou dynasties. To put it in some examples, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty most praised the four famous kilns of the Song Dynasty and the Yongxuan blue and white porcelain of the Ming Dynasty. He worked hard throughout his life to restore these lost crafts. However, he tried to do so.

After spending his whole life, he spent countless money but all ended in failure. The results achieved thus created many new varieties of porcelain unique to the Qing Dynasty.

Only after the warlords in the Republic of China and Sun Dianying dug up the Eastern Qing Tombs, illegal businessmen in Beijing and Tianjin did have a tide of imitating the official kilns of various dynasties. Their main purpose was to deceive foreign antiques that were surging from foreign countries.

Merchants. However, this kind of counterfeiting trend only lasted for a few years (the cost of firing porcelain is very high, the risk is very high, so the scale is not large). Moreover, most of these utensils have distinct characteristics of the Republic of China in craftsmanship.

Regarding the fact that some Qing Dynasty porcelains were signed by Ming Dynasty porcelain, Huang Lao also taught a lesson to Lang Ting and Chen Chong.

The trend of descendants signing the previous dynasty's signature was exactly when Wei Zhongxian, the eunuch of the Tianqi period of the Ming Dynasty. After Wei Zhongxian controlled the government and emptied the emperor, he was ambitious to ascend the throne himself. He instructed his minions to write the previous dynasty's signature on some instruments, so

To reduce the authenticity of imperial power and confusing history. However, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty sometimes signed the Ming Dynasty signature on the unique porcelain he fired, which was to show his achievements. However, he did not allow objects similar to Ming Dynasty porcelain

The signing of the Ming Dynasty's Issue is to prevent confusion for future generations.

Huang Lao also gave an authoritative explanation for the fraud of representative Chinese cultural objects such as porcelain, calligraphy and painting, bronze and jade.

In feudal dynasties, copper was used to mint coins, so the court controlled the raw materials from copper ore to raw materials. The acquisition of copper raw materials by civilians and handicraft merchants was strictly restricted, and copper itself was very expensive, so who would be willing to fake it?

Besides, whether it is a wealthy person, if there is an ancient bronze ware, it is equivalent to making a fortune. Is it necessary to fake it to reduce the value of your treasure? The consequence of fraud is to lose your head, because those who collect bronze ware are all princes and nobles, and the court

Master, do you dare to deceive me?

Many things are based on the characteristics of each era. In feudal dynasties, people had a low understanding of antiques. They even spent enough time eating, so they had no time to consider counterfeiting.

The counterfeiting of jade wares was also impossible in the feudal era when productivity was backward. Because it took more than one month to saw a piece of jade material of about ten kilograms, and it often took several years to process it into a finished product.

What's more, a good jade is more expensive than a goldware. Who would be willing to fake it? Is it necessary to take this risk? Jade industry is an extremely difficult industry. Until liberation, jade workers had to use foot tools and pure handicrafts.

If someone can find a jade piece that was faked and used in the Republic of China, it would really become a myth.

When I was in elementary school, most people learned the story of "carrying thorns and apologizing for guilt" and the Heshi Bi. In ancient China, the Heshi Bi can be said to be the "treasure of the country" in ancient my country. It is unparalleled in the world and is respected as a symbol of the country. "Jingshan The jade, the pearl of the spiritual snake" (i.e. the "Hebi Sui Pearl") is a magical treasure, and the "national treasure" is a priceless treasure, which cannot be described by "priceless city". "Records of the Grand Historian" calls the Heshi Bi "a treasure shared by the world also".
Chapter completed!