. "The Twelve Methods of the Western Qin Dynasty?", silently pondered." This should have been produced by Suzhou Tongshi Translation Bureau, so I took a closer look.

It turns out that the so-called "Twelve Appearances" of the Western Qin Dynasty is the ancient Roman "Twelve Appearances" he knew. This code was advocated by the ancient Romans around 500 BC, that is, in the pre-Qin period of our country, and a written legislation from bottom to top. Its legislative background is that after the establishment of the Roman republic system, the situation of citizens was not much better than before. Most of them were small peasants and merchants. They had to charge in wartime and risked their lives to fight, and were excluded from official positions in normal times, and they might be sold as slaves because of debts. At that time, the law was unwritten, "the right to interpret the law was in the hands of the Senate" and would naturally be used by the nobles and become a tool for persecution and destruction of civilians.

Later, a long period of civilians gathered to rebel, forcing the Senate to agree to the election of the people to protect their rights. In 450 BC, the Twelve Table Laws required by civilians were promulgated to the world, and in the form of legal provisions, they stipulated the power of citizens in political, economic and legal status. Although ten of the twelve copper pieces were used to guarantee the rights of the nobles, there were two, which reflected the will of the common people, and somewhat restricted the arrogance of the nobles, and were always regarded as the norm by the ancient Romans.

In the Roman Empire era, the Twelve Table Laws were gradually improved into Roman law. They still clearly recognized the principles of buying, selling, cooperating and contracting private property, especially reflecting the sacredness of justice and justice. The law overrides the monarch and has become a consensus among citizens across the country. Any ruler who opposes this principle will become a tyrant on his own! It is pointed out by thousands of people.

The article I read by Chen Si first briefly introduced the "Twelve Tables Methods", and then focused the pen and ink on one point. It said: "The (Twelve Tables) Law has certain regulations, and the residential land of citizens" and its surroundings are personal private property. Citizens have supreme rights in this regard. Its effectiveness is unparalleled between heaven and earth. It is still regarded as a criterion by Europa. There is a Western proverb that says "Wind can enter, rain can enter, but only the king cannot enter." , This is the extension of this ancient method. "I think my Chinese sages have such a strong spirit." Yang Zhu said: "It is not worth the benefit of the world." All the people are not worth the benefit of the whole world. Everyone does not lose a single piece of money, and everyone is not beneficial to the world. The world is governed. Mencius took this sentence and said, "Yang Zi took it for me, and he pulled out a hair to benefit the world, and he did not do it. One note records that the Roman Republic and I lived together in the same time as the pre-Qin period." It can be seen that at the beginning of life, people are selfish and people are beneficial to each other."

It is said that Yang Zhu and Mozi's student Qin Huali had a real and direct debate. Qin Huali asked him: If you pull out a hair on your body, it will benefit the people of the world. Will you do it?" The problem of the people of the world cannot be solved by pulling out a hair," Yang Zhu replied.

Qin Huali asked again, saying: If you can, would you like it? Yang Zhu ignored him... because this was simply impossible.

The so-called "pull a hair to benefit the world" is actually the lie of the ruler. "You can pull a hair today" and you can tear a piece of skin tomorrow; you can dig a piece of meat the day after tomorrow, and you can have a leg! You can hurt your body today and kill you tomorrow. The thousand-mile dike will collapse into an ant hole: once the hole is opened, it will be uncontrollable. Therefore, if you want to save your life, you must block a hair from the most subtle source, and a dime cannot be illegally captured.

It can be seen that what Yang Zhu opposed was that he wanted to capture civilian property in the name of righteousness. "He believed that this was just drinking poison to quench thirst" and could not solve the problem. It is already amazing that the author of this article could think of these.

Silently, he continued to look at it, "It will be different from later generations. People are ashamed of talking about profit. Even if people are for themselves, it is difficult to express their feelings. He said, "All the world under the king is the king's land, and the shores of the land is the king's ministers! Therefore, the king is the master, the people are the slaves, the world's benefits are all the best, and the world's harm is all the people! Why? It's because people in the world dare not speak about their own benefits and dare not be selfish."

Therefore, the tyrants and only men "can record the rough bones of the world" and "disperse the children of the world! The villain has no words to bear it", and eventually loses his property and loses his place. "The desperate situation is to rise up and rise up, and the world is in chaos! Therefore, I said that the profits of the villain are not guaranteed, and those who are the best wanton to occupy their wealth will be a major harm to the world! To make everyone dare to be selfish, everyone will benefit themselves! Then how can they pay bribes and taxes to "take away the robbery? Then the upper and lower levels are at peace, and the world is called governance."

, Alas, Mencius did not like Yang Zhu, and said, "The wise men are arrogant and unrestrained, and there is no such thing as a king! But today, I will make Yang Zhu's words fill the world, so that our Chinese people will be free from chaos, and the suffering of dynasty changes will be great for the whole world."

One, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one

After reading these short five or six hundred words, his silent back was wet with sweat. He read it twice again. Then he remembered to look at the author's signature, saying "Qingdu Individual Guest". Obviously, the other party also knew that this article was rebellious and wanted to avoid trouble, so he used a number.

"I really underestimated the ancients!" Silence couldn't help but sighed, but his heart was surging in his chest and was overwhelmed with excitement. He couldn't eat the food anymore. He picked up the half-small silk hanging on his lips and walked to the window next to the lake to see that there were water birds playing with lotus outside.

He grabbed the window frame with both hands, took a deep breath, and lowered his voice: "My way" is nothing wrong! The huge rock that had been pressing on his heart for a long time finally loosened a little, which could make him breathe a little.

Looking at the elder Chen, whose eyes were red and epilepsy, the servants were all frightened and thought to themselves, what was wrong? Is the dish too salty?

How could they know that silent waited for this moment for a full ten years. When he planted the first seed in the southeast, he hoped that one day he could open the country, introduce Western scientific ideas, and spread new ideas through newspapers, but he did not have the ability to forcefully change people's thoughts. "He could only wait for the seed to sprout, wait for people's hearts to burst out with unprecedented fire!

Silence was originally worried that the Chinese people would be arrogant and would rather be stubborn and always be stubborn in the laws of the ancestors. But the facts proved that he underestimated the ancients, just as Shabby said: "The Chinese people's arrogance comes from their ignorance. Once they learn something that others are better than themselves, they will learn with the greatest enthusiasm. He thought that what he did would take twenty or thirty years, or even forty or fifty years, would what he did be effective. But now, just ten years have passed, someone has begun to "discuss the inviolability of private property". This is the most original source of dreams of realizing him, protecting civil rights, limiting dictatorship, and!

Because all rights can be attributed to property rights in the end. "Only when personal property is inviolable and the thoughts of being deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, the Ming Dynasty will transition to a contract society. And only in a contract society, there will be no unlimited power" to realize its ideals... With the development of the Ming Dynasty's commodity economy, personal property no longer belongs to the powerful class. A large number of small businessmen and skilled workers have their own property. Silently believe that the idea of ​​protecting private property will surely appear in China!

However, in the long river of history, this idea and its proposer Yang Zhu were demonized by the ruling class spared no effort. The call to defend its own interests was degenerate and selfish. Unfortunately, the "Qingdu individual tourists' views are also one-sided and have not escaped the ruling of inertial thinking. If people, as he said, blindly under the banner of "it is important to themselves, they may only know their own pleasure" without any spirit of sacrifice, and even the morality of society has been degraded, then the world must be in chaos.

In fact, Yang Zhu’s true meaning cannot be understood one-sidedly. In his full words, not only does it mean that the world will not benefit the world. "There is also the world that is not to take it." Moreover, these two sentences are connected. It is necessary to understand that while defending one's own interests, it cannot infringe on the interests of others, let alone sacrifice the entire society to satisfy the selfish desires of a very small number of people.

Yang Zhu saw through the result of the sacrifice of the little people, and was just to satisfy other very few individuals. This is called "extreme selfishness," the problem is that this extremely selfish behavior is carried out under the banner of "the world is for the public" and selfless. However, the "selfishness" advocated by Yang Zhu is essentially truly selfless!

What makes Yang Zhu's thought difficult to be accepted is here, but its profoundness is also here. This is to achieve any social goal, and cannot be sacrificed at the cost of everyone's personal interests. Because "the happiness of the world" is composed of everyone's happiness and is the sum of happiness for everyone in the world. If everyone is not happy, but say that the world is happy, can this kind of happiness be gathered? If everyone must be unhappy for the happiness of the world, they must sacrifice "that, happiness" and what should they do?

Selfless dedication is of course noble and great. As everyone, you can do this. If you do this sincerely, I will express your high respect to you. But if you ask others for this and everyone for this, then I can only say that you cannot ask for this, and you have no right to ask for this!

Because selfless dedication is a virtue, a noble spirit, which can only be promoted, and cannot be forced by law. Once forced, it will change. It cannot be called selfless dedication, but called forced demand. Only when everyone's life is not harmed and everyone's interests are not harmed, the world can be greatly governed, and it is also called great governance. This is called "Everyone does not lose a single piece of money, everyone is not beneficial to the world, and the world is governed" is Yang Zhu's true view, and also the view of Lao Tzu and Zhuangzi.

To put it bluntly, whether it is Yang Zhu's "Twelve Copper Table Law", it is all about defending the interests of ordinary people. Don't treat the common people as human beings! Let's make it clearer, that is, don't infringe on and seize the personal rights of the people in the name of the overall situation of the country!

If the individual tourists from Qingdu can straighten out the philosophy implied in it, then this article can even be regarded as the first "Declaration of Human Rights" in Chinese history. However, he did not make it clear, so what awaits him will be overwhelming attacks and insults...

Despite this, for a person who is constantly exploring and sneaking in the dark, this is already like a guiding light, enough to make him happy. "I am not fighting alone, more and more people will join in, and the salary will be passed down, and sparks will spread!

Yes, I believe! In order to protect this spark, I am willing to be enemies with anyone, even if I bear the eternal infamy!

One, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one, one,

After breakfast, Geng Dingxiang came to invite him as agreed. Although Shen Mo was responsible for the emperor's order this time and it was not easy to participate in too many additional activities, he still happily agreed to Geng Dingxiang's request and went to Chongzheng Academy to give a lesson. After getting the silent xx, Geng Dingxiang went back to actively prepare, but the news spread like wildfire," which attracted students from various prefectures in Jiangsu and Zhejiang to flock to Chongzheng Academy. Not only did they stuff Chongzheng Academy into a lot, but they even had students who came to see him.

In this case, Chen Mo certainly could not break the appointment, so he changed into a Confucian robe with soap and white silk, and took a car with Geng Dingxiang to the foot of Qingliang Mountain in the west corner of Nanjing. At that time, Zhuge Liang called Jinling the beautiful shape "the dragon coiled in the clock and the tiger squatting on the stone". The tiger squatting on the river bank pointed to Qingliang Mountain, which shows how prosperous its Feng Shui is.

As soon as the car arrived at the level of the mountain, he saw that there were fewer than five or six thousand scholars standing on both sides of the road up the mountain. He couldn't help but look at Geng Dingxiang and said, "It's a problem for Brother Tiantai."

"You're wronged me." Geng Dingxiang shook his head and said, "I know you have never liked pomp, so how could you do such unpleasant things?" He said, "I haven't seen it yet, this is spontaneous by the students!"

"Then I'd like to thank Brother Tiantai." A smile finally appeared on the silent face.

"You're welcome." Geng Dingxiang accepted this with a smile.

The first sentence of thanks in silence is actually a slight dissatisfaction, and I feel that Geng Dingxiang is too flattering; but the second sentence is different. It is a sincere thanks to Geng Dingxiang for his spare time and has made this shocking scene today.

The two of them laughed and saw the students in the mountains rumble down and bowing down, singing like a tide: "Welcome to sir!" No matter how powerful you are outside, there are only two identities when you come to the academy, students and sir. This is the rule that the academy has been there since the day it was five hundred years ago.

"Please get up, everyone." Chen Si smiled faintly and reached out to help him, then reached out to Geng Ding and said, "Please please!"

"Sir, please!" Geng Dingxiang's face and the humility in the officialdom were replaced by a solemn face.

The two of them walked hand in hand on the stone road of climbing and headed towards the academy surrounded by students. Along the way, they saw towering ancient trees on the mountain, with heavy paths and white clouds and waterfalls, just like the fairy world... The academy is located on the eastern foot of the mountain. According to Geng Dingxiang, it is said that Ksitigarbha’s body is sitting here in meditation. After hearing silently, he smiled and said, “Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva said that he will not become a Buddha without being empty. You are Geng Tiantai, and you will not give up when you teach. Ah.

"I'm sorry." Geng Dingxiang smiled implicitly. At this time, he could see the whole picture of the academy. It was divided into three directions by the mountain nose. The first hall and the second hall were connected by the corridors on both sides. The second hall and the third hall was an extremely wide open bluestone platform, which was the place where the lectures were taught.

At this moment, a forum was set up at the highest point of the platform. There were futons, incense burners, small tables, tea and white towels on the forum. The students rushed to the stone platform, and soon they were shoulder to shoulder, densely packed with their heads.

When the students sat down, the platform became quiet and silent, they went up to the podium, sat cross-legged on the futon, looking around at the vastness, looking up at the distance, "A hundred miles in the radius, he suddenly remembered the poem by Taizu: Independence in the cold autumn, Xiangjiang River goes north, Orange Island.

Look at the red mountains and the forests are dyed; the river is green and the boats are competing for the current.

The eagle strikes the sky, and the fish swims in the shallow bottom, and all kinds of species compete for freedom in the frost sky.

I feel sad and ask the vast earth, who is responsible for the ups and downs?

What Taizu saw was the Xiangjiang River, what he saw was the Yangtze River, but the scene of the big river rolling waves was the same.

One "one" "one" "one" "one" "one", one "one", one "one" "one", one "one", one "one", one "one", one "one", one "one", one "one", one "one", one "one", one "one", one "one", one "one", one "one", one "one", one "one", one "one", one "one", one "one", one "one", one "one",

Silence in Chongzheng Academy, of course it is impossible to talk about that. Yang Zhu's study, "As a senior official of the Ming Dynasty," a positive figure who was noticed by Shilin, no matter how unrestrained he was, he had to follow the rules in his words and deeds." He must not make those shocking words.

So what he said was the study of the mind, and the theory of the revision of the Wang Xue "the mind has no essence, and the time comes, that is, its essence." This set of the theory of revisionism of the Wang Xue caused a lasting sensation in Beijing. Now it is said in front of the Southern scholars. The warning effect is better because the rightists in Wang Xue occupy a dominant position here, talk about empty talk, and leave the disadvantages of practice, and are even more important than those in the north.

Silence pointed out the disadvantages of Wang Xue itself in convincing language... He said that people attacked Wang Xue "empty talk without reality, not aimless, so they taught students to reflect on themselves" and "not to be empty and empty talk" and emphasized that the end of kung fu is the essence.

At the same time, he agreed with the "famous Luo Rufang among the scholars in the southeast, and there was no other trick except dressing and eating". He said that "acting in one place" and that the ontology of the world and the people and things in the world are in one place, and the words and deeds are different; he also agreed with Hu Zhi, that being an official is to do his best to do his best", believing that those who do their best to know their nature, and should not only seek their own lives, and regard the pain of the people and things has nothing to do with themselves. In theory, he placed the ontology and skills at the same level, "requiring scholars to pay attention to it, and the combination of practice and theory,...
Chapter completed!