The so-called squeeze of large industry on handicraft industry is a characteristic of China's unique semi-feudal, semi-colonial and involution-type society. The reason for this is not only the rise of large industry, but also many complex causes.

For example, a series of comprehensive factors include low labor costs, a closed market that is being dumped, weak product demand, and brutal plunder by external forces.

In the West, rulers lack the concept of "benevolence" in governance, and the idea that those who don't have money for medical treatment can just die will be fine. There will be no shortage of markets until thousands of years later.

The current Song Dynasty does not have these problems. Just look at the surrounding small countries who are addicted to stealing the copper coins of the Song Dynasty. You should know that it is completely different from the situation in the late Qing Dynasty where even the currency had to use Mexican eagles.

As for whether the sales of glass to the Western Regions would have an impact on Heihan Tianfang's glazed industry, Su You couldn't worry about it right now in the Song Dynasty, so would he care about that?

In the history of China, the impact of large industry on handicraft industry has a background, that is, foreign countries used their technology to plunder China's wealth.

In the Song Dynasty, this would be called the meat rotten in the pot, which is the same as the vigorous development of various industries after the reform and opening up of New China.

Moreover, Suyou paid great attention to this aspect. What he developed was coal and iron, chemicals, precious metals, woolen cloth, cotton cloth, meat, and large livestock. What consumed these was infrastructure, the military, the prosperous hinterland of the Song Dynasty, and exports to surrounding areas.

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Includes currency exports.

Su You now only cares about the overall situation. What he is currently focusing on is basically military-civilian coordination, government-civilian relations, clean government, and education.

Not only should we educate the people, but we should also educate officials.

To this end, Suyou held a crash course for government officials. In addition to the selected officials sent by the court, there were also local officials currently in office.

Anyway, the imperial court now does not collect two taxes from the three roads. The new Xixia also required "governing by doing nothing" in the past few years. Local officials have time to take turns coming to Xingzhou for training.

The current local government's main affairs include justice, administration, taxation, education, etiquette, and prevention of military and theft.

But this alone was obviously too crude. Later, it was gradually improved and its functions were clarified, and relevant professional books began to appear.

For example, the Song Dynasty's "Removal of Injustices", the Qing Dynasty's "Baojian Cleansing of Injustices", "Execution Money Zhizhang", "Fuhui Quanshu", etc. are all related to criminal investigation, forensics, and hearings.

For example, books about taxation such as "Qian Gu Da Yao".

When the feudal official of the Qing Dynasty was resolutely appointed as the envoy to Yunnan, he ordered people to compile a "Must-read for Officialdom", which classified various official documents and gave them to his staff for assistance;

Wang Longzhuang once served as the master of fourteen officials, and also served as a county magistrate. He had extremely rich experience in officialdom. He wrote a book "Xue Zhi Zhi Shuo", which is called the textbook of county magistrates.

Su You also has rich political experience. He has held training courses in Jiaozhi before, and also published a textbook to guide officials below the prefecture level in managing government affairs, called "Current Affairs and Essentials".

This is a large official encyclopedia, including the implementation of laws, state and county events, the responsibilities of each Cao, the pursuit of limits, how to appease the people, listen to public sentiment, how to supervise subordinates, and even the format of official documents, the corresponding yamen for each matter, and how to submit them.

Wait, it's a "Guide to Being an Official".

In addition to management, this book also focuses on how to cultivate local folk customs, education, how to develop farmland and water conservancy, how to develop industry and commerce according to local conditions, and even points out the importance of emerging industries to local development.

For example, the "Five Small Industries" model.

That is, small steel, small coal mines, small machinery, small cement, small chemicals, and how the establishment of these industries promote local prosperity.

This book caused a strange phenomenon in the Song Dynasty. Although Zhengtang published it again and again, it was nowhere to be seen in official circles.

The officials are all talking about it in private, saying it with their mouths, and it feels so good in their hearts.

He secretly rummaged under the covers at night, but you couldn't see it in any official's study.

This is also the trend of the Song Dynasty. Look at this, show this, you are passionate about official positions, you just want to seek promotion and promotion, and you just...retreat from humility and indifference, not only Feng Jiyue, not so...a gentleman.

But Su You didn't care. Many things were circulated secretly and had better results than published publicly.

This is the experience he gained in later generations, well, for example...

For example, "Zi Buyu". If you think wrongly, leave a message to review and accept criticism.

But this style of approach is not yet needed in places like Jiaozhi and Ningxia, because the people in these places have not yet complicated their ideas to such a fake level.

The officials of the Xia people were very bad, not to mention the Xia State and the Liao State. Even the weapons and iron smelting related to the national economy were under the tribal contract responsibility system.

That's why Chaogu took advantage of him.

Language is not a problem for senior officials above the third-level road level, but it is a bit of a problem for county magistrates and prefects below.

Su You shamelessly recommended a hot product to these people - Meishan Master.

The origin of the master comes from the official of the Zhou king - "the curtain man".

"The Rites of Zhou·Tianguan Tomb Chief No. 1": "The person holding the curtain, the curtain, the curtain, the curtain, the curtain, and the ribbon are all involved in the pilgrimage, together with the army, the field service, and the sacrifice."

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They can make suggestions for the emperor and participate in secrets; draft manuscripts and draft memorials; handle case files, make decisions and approve decisions; be ordered to go on missions and liaise with officials.

In fact, what he did was the position of "acting state official and county magistrate", so he was highly relied upon by officials.

And because of his special status, the officials and servants in the old mansion regarded him as a friend of the master.

Among them, Qian Gu's second seat was the heaviest in terms of punishment, and he was called "Master".

The officials called them "Guyou", and the master called the officials "Dong Weng".

For example, Chao Buzhi, Qin Guan, and Su Yuanzhen were all Su You's "secret friends" when he was in Hangzhou. While people around Su You came and went, one "master" remained the same, and that person was Zhang Qi.

In fact, this system is not good, but it is compared to modern times. In the original Xia Kingdom area where administrative management is outrageously extensive, it can be called a huge progress across the ages.

Well, the Song Dynasty crossed over to the Qing Dynasty... for a full eight hundred years... But then again, whether the system progressed or regressed during those eight hundred years is another matter.

In addition to training for officials, there is also education.

Suzhou has established primary schools in every state, but it has not yet dared to implement compulsory education, an unnatural good policy.

It can only be stipulated that, except for children with good conditions who do not need to go to school, parents of children who go to school will receive many preferential treatment in recruitment and employment.

In factories, literacy classes should also be opened, and there should be corresponding incentive policies such as promotion and salary.

In terms of administrative management, Su You has basically been well-distributed, including the judge Chao Buzhi who has a photographic memory; the Ningxia Road Transporter Su Yuanzhen who is familiar with Tibet, commerce, and Buddhism; and the shogunate secretary Bi Zhongyou who is more powerful than Cai Jing in execution.

Coupled with the strategic master Zhong Ji, Zhang Kai... now he himself has become a panacea.

Now is the spring sowing season, the focus is on farming and water conservancy projects.

The bumper harvest of Laishan No. 1 and rapeseed increased the harvest of farmers in Xingzhou by one-third. With vegetable oil, they became more motivated to replace millet with wheat and rapeseed.

The spring wheat planted in No. 3 Road in Ningxia has now been growing for two months, and the entire Xingzhou Valley Plain is a scene of green buckwheat.

Various armies from the imperial court also arrived one after another. Su You organized them into a construction corps, which was roughly divided into three groups. Those who knew how to write were workers, those who couldn't read, those who were over thirty-five were farmers, and the rest were repairmen.

road.

The steam engine has been successfully developed, and trains need to be put on the agenda.

If it is not water transportation and the coal is transported by land, the price will double every 100 miles.

The most difficult place in China is that the local coal-producing areas are on both sides of the Hetao, while the industrially developed areas are now in central Sichuan, Zhengzhou, and Zhejiang.

Later modern industries first appeared in Britain. The main reason was that coal, iron, industry, commerce, and navigation were almost all concentrated in one place, which provided unique development conditions.

Fortunately, now Jiangsu Oil has taken over the South China Sea, and the rich resources there can be transported to Zhejiang and Zhejiang by sea.

But this has caused the problem of uneven development.

The northwest is also blessed by nature, but the problem is that the Central Plains dynasty does not have enough control over the northwest, and there are also insufficient reserves of technical talents, population quality, etc.

Therefore, the most important thing now is to open up the connection channel between the Yellow River in the northwest and the Central Plains water system.

The easiest place is from Lanzhou to Qinzhou, connecting the Yellow River and Weishui River.

However, one mile of railway requires 30,000 kilograms of steel, and it is 600 miles from Lanzhou to Qinzhou. Even if Suyou can lower the price of one kilogram of steel to 200 guan, the cost of the railway track alone will cost 3.6 million guan.

Not counting countless bridges and culverts!

The world's first railway was built in London in the 19th century, with a total length of less than fifty miles. The official maturity of the railway was forty years later, with the completion of the metropolitan subway.

At that time, the UK's production capacity was already 7 million tons of pig iron, 3 million tons of crude steel, and nearly 200 million tons of coal per year.

Therefore, the Song Dynasty can only build railways in a limited number of places.

For example, the most economically developed areas - Bianjing to Chenliu;

Datieye area - Nanhai Tiezhou to Yezhou port;

As well as the important strategic area - the simple railway in central Sichuan to support Shaanxi.

Fortunately, there is a place in the northwest that also has such conditions, and that is fifty miles from Yinfeng Supervisor to Lanzhou.

Build railroads, pull precious metals and guns!

As for the other several roads, it would be good if the asphalt roads can be repaired now.

ps: Book recommendation, "The Man Behind the Empress"

A story about a working man and a female queen from two time and space, exchanging bodies every other day...
Chapter completed!