People say that you should not judge people by their appearance, but they often still habitually judge people by their appearance. Even though human aesthetic standards change with the changes of the times, most of the time, some clues can still be seen from history, which means good looks.
Not only can they get more opportunities, but they can even save their lives. This is true for women, and it is the same for men.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a guy who had been stripped naked and was going to be beaten. However, another minister passed by and saw his body of meat. He immediately turned around and found the king, saying that such a body of fine skin and tender meat could not be wasted, so
Almost absolved...
So, good looks always have advantages, and you either take advantage or others take advantage of you. If you come out to hang out, you have to pay it back. Just like Confucius, after he was praised to the sky, it would be miserable for him to fall down.
Confucianism can still be regarded as Confucianism in the Han Dynasty. But if it waits until later dynasties, when Confucianism becomes Confucianism, even the emperor will not be able to say a bad word about Confucius. Therefore, Fei Qian wanted to be able to
To clarify this point, and to pass on this idea through the Han Dynasty nobles and Confucian disciples who studied scriptures, Confucius was an individual, a person who made certain contributions, not a saint or a god.
Confucius himself did not judge people by their appearance, and he often didn't care much about others' evaluations of him. Even if he was said to be a lost dog, Confucius laughed and was not angry. On the contrary, those in later generations who claimed to be his disciples
But people are anxious to get angry and can't bear to hear even a bad word.
According to Fei Qian's judgment, the unique appearance on Confucius' head was actually caused by malnutrition in childhood. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, what were the concepts of eugenics and eugenics? Whether you can survive or not depends on God. Just like Qin Shi Huang
The same as his unique appearance, it is also due to the body deformation produced during the long-term proton career. They are not the bones of a saint or a great man...
In the Han Dynasty, there were also many people who suffered from physical deformation due to childhood or long-term labor. After Fei Qian went out, he asked Huang Xu to send people to the surrounding areas and bring several similar people over.
When Zheng Xuan saw it, he laughed and pointed at one of the common people who had a shape similar to the top of Confucius' head and said: "Mr. Shui Jing, is this also the bone of a saint?"
Sima Hui was obviously unhappy, but he looked at Fei Qian, shook his head, and said nothing more. Apparently Sima Hui was still somewhat dissatisfied, but because of Fei Qian's identity and status, he didn't want to make the situation too tense.
Fei Qian smiled, waved his hand and asked Huang Xu to take him away. He did not pursue Sima Hui on the issue, but said to Zheng Xuan: "I heard that Mr. Zheng used Mao's poems for writing?"
Zheng Xuan's smile suddenly faded, he was silent for a moment and nodded.
Sima Hui suddenly smiled a little more, looked at Fei Qian with interest, and then turned his attention to Zheng Xuan.
There are four schools of Chinese poetry, called the Four Schools of Poetry. The last three schools are Lu poetry, Qi poetry, and Han poetry. These three poetry schools were originally established in the Taixue of the Han Dynasty in the early Western Han Dynasty, but then the rise of Mao poetry gradually replaced them.
The status of the three families was basically lost after Zheng Xuan wrote notes on Mao's poems again.
Mao Shi refers to the ancient Chinese poem "Poetry" compiled and annotated by Mao Heng and Mao Chang, while Zheng Jian refers to Zheng Xuan's reinterpretation of Er Mao's annotations, which is called Jian. On the one hand, it is a second explanation after annotation.
It will be easier to understand. On the one hand, Ma Rong and Zheng Xuan both admired Mao's poetry, which had a great influence, which later led to the gradual rise of Mao's poetry and the natural decline of the other three.
But the question is whether it is reading comprehension, which is always done from the heart.
Fei Qian also did some reading comprehension when he was a teenager. Some questions are correct, but some questions...
Ma Rong, Zheng Xuan and others have a characteristic. They are opposition parties, and Mao's poems can also be regarded as "opposition poems", so they have a resonance with each other, especially in the Eastern Han Dynasty when the entire court gradually came to an end. In fact, as Ma Rong,
Rong Zhengxuan already has some sense of worry...
At the same time, Ma Rong, Zheng Xuan and others had a deeper sense of worry than Jia Yi and Sima Qian in the early Western Han Dynasty, because after all, although Jia Yi shed tears and lamented the current social situation at that time, and Sima Qian was frustrated and wrote books, the Han Dynasty, after all,
It rose again, turned the crisis around, and regained the glory of the Han Dynasty.
For Zheng Xuan and others, including Sima Hui, and many other great Confucians at this stage, what they encountered was different from before. The entire court was currently in violent turmoil, and the entire country fell into a state of disorder. In the past,
The glorious Han Empire is on the verge of collapse. Traditional beliefs have lost the power to maintain people's hearts, and new order and beliefs have not been formed. War, famine, natural disasters, corruption, and precarious conditions naturally lead to more thinking.
It can be said that Zheng Jian was born in such an environment, and also led many people in later dynasties to follow this path...
"Poems about Guan Guan..." Fei Qian looked at Zheng Xuan and said, "Mao's poems are annotated to express interest, and Zheng Gongjia has also commented on them... He said that this poem is "Happy to win a lady, to match a gentleman, love is to promote talents, not to
I wonder if this is the case?"
Zheng Xuandao: "Exactly, I am happy to win a lady. I think that a gentleman loves hatred and does not want to be lustful. I think about it all the time. I mourn the loss of a couple in the world. I don't want this person, and I don't want to destroy his love..."
Fei Qian didn't know whether it was acceptable or not, so he went on to say: "However, Duke Zheng also noted that the sentence 'I am happy that a lady is married to a gentleman' means mourning for a graceful lady, thinking about talents, without any intention of harming kindness, and 'sorrow' is a variation of 'heartfelt'."
Is this a mistake...is this also the case?"
Zheng Xuan nodded and said: "The annotation of Mao's poem has an explanation for Yaoyao's sorrow, so the word 'sorrow' in a certain dialect is mistaken for 'heart'."
"So the poems written by Juan Er are not about the pain of lovesickness, but the happiness of those who are worried?" Fei Qian laughed and continued, "Taoyao is not about the joy of getting married, but the peace of the world and the peace of people?"
Zheng Xuan rolled his eyes, somewhat understanding what Fei Qian meant. He frowned slightly, but still nodded and said, "Well...exactly..."
Literature seems to have been inextricably linked with politics from the beginning. It can be said that this is the tradition of Chinese literature, but it has also taken many wrong paths. The most important thing is that it often focuses on the role of literature in politics.
function, and obliterated the original purpose of literature itself to convey emotions. This is also the root cause of many literary inquisitions in later generations. It is like "the breeze turns over the books randomly", among which there are some who are arrogant and self-righteous, but it is said that they are rebelling against the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty.
It's okay to have evil intentions. After all, the author was happily serving as an official in the Qing Dynasty at that time, taking his salary with a smile. He had nothing to do with the bitter anti-Qing and Fuming martyrs, but maybe it was used to satirize those Eight Banners disciples.
Just don't understand anything.
Speaking of this kind of political interpretation, Mao’s poems and Zheng Jian can be regarded as the founder.
Just like the poem "Juan Er" mentioned by Fei Qian, it was originally an expression of lovesickness, but Mao's poem turned out to have a subtle meaning. It was not an ordinary lovesickness emotion, but the concubines in the harem were worried that the king would not be able to seek talents.
So much so that I worry day and night...
The same is true for "Tao Yao" and the like. Basically all the Book of Songs, whether they are emotional poems or not, Mao Chuan and Zheng Jian all believe that they are related to politics. The superficial meaning of the poems is literal, and the deeper meaning is more important.
of……
Just like the "Back View" in later generations, it was originally the most sincere expression of emotion, but someone must say that it reflects the collision and conflict between old morality and new ideas through a unique way of expression.
Inheritance has special revolutionary nature and historical content, and has profound ideological connotation...
At that time, Fei Qian just wanted to express the orange in the tangerine peel.
So now that I have seen the founder of this kind of forced political explanation, well, I can’t say that Zheng Xuan is the founder. After all, there was an Ermao before, but Zheng Xuan is undoubtedly one of the important figures who made him shine, so he said a little rudely
: "If according to Zheng Gong's intention, all the poems in the world have small words, and all the songs in the world have great meanings? When a man seeks the love of a woman, it is like a king seeking virtue? When he feels sad, he is thinking about the injustice of the world? What everyone thinks
, are all for the sake of the common people in the world, and what everyone says and does is for the sake of the family, country, and country?"
Zheng Xuan's old face was a bit unflattering, but Sima Hui on the side put his hands on his hands and smiled, "Okay! That's it! That's it! Open your mouth to see the beauty of today, shut your mouth to see the loss of today! Let's ask the ancients how they knew the present? Articles are about the past.
, how can they all be beautiful? The ancient poems express their feelings in the ink, and convey the meaning in the articles. They do not rely on official words or political power, and they are autobiographical through the ages! How can all the articles refer to the court? Kangcheng! This is yours.
Go ahead!"
Sima Hui was frustrated before, but now he felt happy when he saw Zheng Xuan being picked on by Fei Qian.
Zheng Xuan argued: "Since ancient times, those who are good at birds and herbs have been compared to gentlemen, while those who hate birds and smelly things are mostly referred to as treachery and slander. Using words to describe politics and using chapters to outline principles are the great meaning of articles! Men and women love each other and miss each other, which is a small way!
Could it be that Qiaoqi only pursues the small path and neglects the great righteousness?"
"Haha..." Fei Qian waved his hand and said: "Let's not talk about the big roads and small roads for now... If I remember correctly, the two gentlemen don't seem to like prophecies very much, and they don't like the current students who often talk about righteousness, and they all want to get rid of the redundancy.
To seek truth, cut through the clutter and gather the key points..."
Zheng Xuan hesitated for a moment, understood what Fei Qian meant, and remained silent.
Sima Hui laughed loudly and looked at Zheng Xuan without saying anything, but he also pretended to be watching a good show. Sima Hui was also very dissatisfied with Zheng Xuan before. After all, no matter whether it was in the Han Dynasty or not, who had the right to interpret
Who is the boss, and Zheng Xuan had the right to explain before, but now this authority is being questioned by Fei Qian, which naturally makes Sima Hui forget all the little unhappiness he had before.
Zheng Xuan took a breath, and did not look angry. Instead, he raised his hands and said: "So, if we talk about it according to Hussar, how can we interpret the poem? Lu, Qi, Han and Mao all have similarities and differences, and there are differences in words, so how can we interpret it?
?" OK, you said there is a problem with my annotation, so how do you think the Book of Songs should be annotated?
Since Fei Qian raised this question, he naturally had his own answer, so he said: "Lu, Qi, Han and Mao are all correct, but also different. It is not the fault of poetry, but the reason of different styles of writing... The explanation of the annotation is,
Emphasis should be placed on text, not definition... As the saying goes, reading text is like drinking water. You know whether it is hot or cold. You can get what you want, so why not divide it into small and large roads?"
"The writing is different?" Zheng Xuan frowned and repeated.
Speaking of which, it is basically half of Qin Shihuang's fault. Basically, the original texts of some of the Book of Songs before the pre-Qin Dynasty are no longer available to later generations. It is not that Qin Shihuang burned books to harass Confucians, but because after Qin Shihuang unified the country, he
They began to share the same text, but the earliest Book of Songs was written in different languages in each country, so naturally some of them were lost during this process.
Since the Han Dynasty, scholars have begun to pay attention to the variations of the Book of Songs, but they have not paid as much attention to it as Fei Qian did. Just like the text of the Book of Songs at this time, it is actually between modern and ancient texts, and even
It has been circulated by all four schools, but there are some variations in the text of the Book of Songs passed down by each school. No one has specifically explained or studied this issue, and they often just pass it by casually.
The pre-Qin literature is a long time ago, the text fonts have undergone several major changes, and the document carrier has also undergone several transitions, which determines that the reasons for the emergence of different texts are very complicated.
The reasons are roughly as follows: First, the different glyphs produced by the changes in the characters themselves. For example, in the Warring States Period, Qi characters, Jin characters, Qin characters, Chu characters and Yan characters have certain differences in glyphs.
Differences: Qin Shihuang unified the writing system, changed the official script to regular script, changed the official script to regular script, and changed the popular characters into traditional Chinese characters, etc., etc., which will produce some changes in the glyphs, thus forming different scripts.
The second aspect is due to changes in characters, just like simplified and traditional Chinese characters in later generations. From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty, some fonts have undergone changes in radicals and radicals, and even some variant characters have been produced due to reasons such as avoiding taboos about kings.
, "辗 Zhuan", this writing is "Zhan Zhuan", and "辗" is a new word produced by later classification.
On the other hand, because the authors are of different ages, it is difficult to avoid typos and false characters, which also leads to problems in inheritance. Just like in the pre-Qin period, the usage of the two words "No, Fu" is
Different, but by the Han Dynasty, such differences had been eliminated, not to mention the typos accidentally written during the copying process...
"For example, in "Zhou Nan Ru Tomb", there is a sentence 'Xi Ru Tiao Hung'. The word 'Tiao' here should be '輖', which is the other word of 'Chao'. Mao's note uses 'Tiao', which is also the word Qian.
, so the form and meaning are both close..." Fei Qian explained with an example, "This is what we do, pass it on, and not limit it!"
"Both of you are full of knowledge, and both are extraordinary talents!" After being suppressed, he naturally wanted to praise him. Fei Qian continued, "It is common people to chew on words, and we should follow the correct path of writing! In the past, there was Cangjie who wrote books, and it rained in the sky.
Millet, ghosts cry at night! I wonder if there is a great sage who would like to correct the font and break the delusion and pass it down through the ages?!"
