Chapter 1877 The evolution of arithmetic, everyone’s heart
Although Fei Qian cannot be said to have won a great victory this time, he has also gained a lot, especially the "Xijing Xingfu Shangshu Station", which basically means that Fei Qian has the right to be appointed by the imperial court.
In other words, the official positions conferred by Fei Qian before were all "private conferrals", but after this title was given, the official positions conferred by Fei Qian were equivalent to enfeoffments by the imperial court.
Just like the previous Sichuan-Shu Rebellion, those guys could be said to be Fei Qian's rebellious officials and refused to comply. If they are still restless, Fei Qian can label them as rebels.
Status is very important, otherwise there wouldn’t be so many mistresses eager to kill the yellow-faced woman...
After hearing the news of Fei Qian's return, Pang Tong also rushed to Tongguan from Guanzhong Chang'an and specially met Fei Qian with Ma Yan.
Ma Yan is now older. Although Tongguan has been relatively peaceful during this period, as time goes by, he is somewhat unable to do what he wants. After meeting Fei Qian, Ma Yan deliberately found Fei Qian and met Fei Qian.
Qian expressed his intention to "retire".
Of course, Ma Yan would rather hand over the position at hand to his son.
Fei Qian thought about it and expressed a limited agreement, which meant that his son Ma Yue could be brought back, but it would have to wait for a while. After all, Ma Yue was basically equivalent to Fei Qian's current cavalry instructor. It was not just a matter of swapping.
It's just that Ma Yue has indeed been in Yinshan for a long time, and it's time for a rotation, so Fei Qian plans to let Li Dian go to Yinshan first, and then hand over to Ma Yue, and it will take about a year to get used to it before he can be transferred.
In this way, the embarrassment between Li Dian and Cao was avoided. On the other hand, as a training officer, Li Dian was not bad at military management skills. At the same time, Fei Qian also needed to assign Li Dian another deputy position, so that he could
Helping each other is also a check and balance.
Of course Ma Yan was happy and thanked him without mentioning it.
"Let Captain Zhang go to Yinshan..." Pang Tong, who was called later, suggested, "Under Zilong, Captain Zhang also attacked the royal court of Xianbei. His merits are outstanding and he can be a partial general..."
Fei Qian thought for a moment and nodded. Zhang Xiu is indeed a good candidate. Firstly, Zhang Xiu has also stayed in Yinshan and is familiar with the Southern Huns. Secondly, Zhang Xiu is a cavalryman, so his riding skills are naturally not needed.
Say, thirdly, it would be just right to take this opportunity to become a side general.
Pang Tong asked Fei Qian again about the arrangements for the rewarded official positions. Fei Qian did not tell him first, but asked Pang Tong to make adjustments based on the previous arrangements and then add in the changes during this period...
Anyway, Pang Tong has to worry about it, Fei Qian will just do the final review.
Pang Tong was also helpless, but also a little excited. After all, in this way, the Xijing Shangshu Ling he had on hand should not be able to escape. It was almost equivalent to the organizational minister of later generations. Although he was not the top leader, his power of suggestion was still very powerful.
.
Pang Tong also informed Fei Qian of another incident, which was that after receiving Huang Chengyan's request, Pang Tong sent Xu Huang to Wuguan to support Huang's strategy for the Nanxiang area.
Although Fei Qian felt that using Xu Huang to deal with the remaining Yellow Turban thieves in Runan was a bit like killing a chicken with a knife. Maybe Liao Hua from Wuguan would be enough, but to be on the safe side, sending Xu Huang was not a mistake, so he didn't
What adjustments to make.
"Besides...there are two other things..." While drinking tea, Fei Qian told Pang Tong his thoughts on the road. The main purpose was to prepare for the promotion of medicine and mathematics in the next stage.
Pang Tong didn't have many opinions on medicine, because this matter was of obvious benefit. After all, if Zhang Yun and others had not controlled the plague, Fei Qian strictly required military health regulations, etc., there would be no telling the number of people who died in Guanzhong due to the disease and plague infection.
It will be doubled several times!
What's more, building a "Hundred Medical Clinic" in Chang'an is not a huge project. Pang Tong, who has worked on the architectural system of Qinglong Temple, said it is a piece of cake.
However, regarding mathematics, Pang Tong had some ideas that were not quite consistent with Fei Qian's.
In fact, the Chinese nation opened up this branch of mathematics very early.
At the end of primitive society, after the emergence of private ownership and goods exchange, the Chinese people had already opened up the science and technology tree of mathematics. The crude method of counting with knots was soon replaced by formal numbers. When Xia Yu was controlling floods, comparisons were made
Complete measurement and measurement tools, so-called rules, moments, standards, and ropes, are the earliest mapping and measurement tools.
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Book of Rites states that the aristocratic children of the Western Zhou Dynasty should start learning arithmetic from the age of nine, and be familiar with the recording and calculation methods of numbers, and this was used as an assessment method for the "Six Arts of the Gentleman". By the Spring and Autumn Period, arithmetic had become a
It has developed a basically universal calculation tool and determined the decimal system as the main counting method. This is a very important link for the entire mathematical system.
The contention of a hundred schools of thought during the Warring States period further promoted the further development of mathematics. Along with the philosophical system, concepts such as "big one", "small one", and "non-half" were born, which produced brilliant and colorful brilliance in the collision of ideas.
Then……
What Pang Tong wants to say is this and then.
"Do you want to be an official?" Pang Tong frowned, "My lord, please forgive me for speaking frankly... I'm afraid it's inappropriate..."
"Why?" Fei Qian asked.
Pang Tong hesitated for a moment, as if something was not easy to say, but after a moment he said: "My lord, do you know that there were hundreds of schools of thought in the Spring and Autumn Period, why only Confucianism survives today?"
Fei Qian scratched his head. Is this mathematics also related to the contention of a hundred schools of thought in the Spring and Autumn Period?
"In the early Han Dynasty, Huang Lao was also used, but why was he defeated?" Pang Tong smiled slightly bitterly, "It's not Huang Lao's intention to be poorer than Confucianism... but it's not the right time..."
"Untimely" sounds like the choice of the so-called "Heaven", but Fei Qian understood that what Pang Tong said about "untimely" is actually not the real "Heaven", but the ruler.
Fei Qian, who was also born under the inheritance of Pang Degong, naturally also knew some of the thoughts and ideas of Huang Lao's studies. Even according to the concepts of later generations, Huang Lao's things still have many shining points, such as Comrade Shi Chuan Jianguo.
"Sari" and "I have" are often mentioned...
Just like Lao Tzu, he emphasizes "doing nothing and doing everything". To give the people sufficient "now", it makes it very difficult for the rulers. They cannot control it in the early stage, or if they don't want to control it, they can still "do nothing" and just treat it as
I can't see it, but now that the land is going to be sold and demolished, how can those shanty towns continue to be regarded as "doing nothing"?
Zhuangzi, who developed on the basis of Laozi, although he did not belong to the Huanglao sect, was also incompatible with the rulers. What Zhuangzi pursued was unrestrained personal life. The rulers looked at it and said, "How can this be done? You haven't fucked up yet"
What about taxes? Haven't you heard that every dynasty in the past dynasties would shout "ten thousand taxes, ten thousand taxes, ten thousand taxes" when they came to see the emperor?
After understanding this, you will naturally understand why Chinese mathematics has been cut off...
Fei Qian fell silent, he really didn't think that much before.
Pang Tong looked at Fei Qian, and Fei Qian waved his hand, indicating to Pang Tong to continue.
According to Pang Tong's statement, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were generally three more outstanding schools for those who had the opportunity to open the mathematics technology tree. The first was the "famous scholars". The famous scholars were the first to study the definition of language and the exploration of logical ideas.
You are most likely to click on logic, but in politics, Dengzi proposed "no kindness" and Huizi proposed "respect", and then they also required that the logic should not be wrong, the language should not be vague, it must be clear and clear, and there should not be any
Ambiguity prevents rulers from confusing right and wrong, confuses the public, suppresses speech, and deceives people's hearts...
When the ruler saw it, how could he do this? He labeled the "famous master" as a sophist and fucked him!
The famous man died.
Then there is the Mohist family.
The Mohist school is also a huge school that can potentially open up the mathematics technology tree. After all, many things in the Mohist school are linked to mathematics, and there are even some branches of scientific practice. Unfortunately, the Mohist school expresses "non-attack", "universal love" and so on.
The incompatible ideas of the rulers were also suppressed.
The last one is Huang Lao and the Taoism derived from Huang Lao's school. Not to mention other things, just the sentence "Human follows the earth, earth follows the sky, heaven follows the Tao, and Tao follows nature" has already made the rulers frown, and even more
Needless to say, "quiet and inactive", how can the ruler deprive individuals of their freedom in the name of "heaven"?
The ruler feels that he is not mellow at all, so cross him!
As a result, many of the edges and corners of Huang Lao and Taoism were polished off, and merged with alchemy, immortal witchcraft, yin and yang, etc., to become Taoism with Tao as its skin and mysticism as its bones. By the way, it has been dedicated to providing education for thousands of years.
The old emperor sells counterfeit medicines, which on the one hand proves that he is useful, and on the other hand, he takes revenge.
From then on, mathematics began to transform from "study" to "technique", from theory to application. Until later generations and into modern times, there are still cases that are not called "mathematics" but "arithmetic"...
It seems that China is not very interested in theorems and propositions that have nothing to do with specific applications and are abstractly proved by certain assumptions, as well as the so-called geometry. Therefore, Chinese mathematics is fragmented and fragmented. It is just a technique and cannot be called
For learning?
It's like "Zhou Bi Suan Jing" talks about Pythagorean but doesn't say how to prove it. This is even more obvious in "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic", all of which are in the form of problem sets. The 246 problems are divided into 9 chapters, in order: Field, corn, declining points, less and wider, business merit, loss in both, surplus and deficiency, equation, Pythagorean.
For a long time in history, China has been in the first echelon of the world, whether it is population, economy, or cultural development. The hard-working Chinese people are engaged in a large number of production and life processes. Naturally, there are problems of this kind or that, and we will also encounter mathematical doubts. In order to solve these problems, various arithmetic scriptures were produced. After "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic", many arithmetic scriptures were produced one after another, and these arithmetic scriptures were produced. The scriptures only focus on the problem, and once it is solved, it is considered settled, and there is basically very little in-depth study.
Pang Tong's general meaning is that this is because the common people understand the logic, proof, and deduction in mathematics, which makes it inconvenient to rule. They will inevitably argue over a certain answer. For example, when collecting taxes, if they all know how to calculate, one person When people calculate a pile of grains, the calculation methods are different, and the results may be different, and then they may fight over the difference of three to five buckets...
So it is better to do the calculation without knowing it, which is simpler.
On the other hand, the reason why the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were chaotic was because of ideological confusion, which led to the collapse of the original social structure. If Fei Qian had just published the Qinglong Temple Treatise, the wave of scriptures was still being digested. Will engaging in mathematics again lead to the entire Guanzhong cultural disorder, and eventually turn into two-sided dissatisfaction?
The third aspect, coupled with the official position, most of the time is a carrot or a pit. Using mathematics as the criterion for official positions will inevitably affect the current officials in the entire political system of Feiqian. These Most officials may not have relatively high mathematical abilities, so in this case, history is likely to repeat itself, that is, the old literary officials will unite to suppress the newly born mathematical faction... …
And this kind of suppression and the backlash of officials from the scripture faction may occur in Fei Qian's generation, or they may be tolerated by Fei Qian's next generation. Even if this generation of Fei Qian can stand up to mathematics, what can the next generation of Fei Qian do?
Lift the coffin board and climb out?
Um……
I have to say that Pang Tong’s statement does have some truth, and it is indeed a problem.
Fei Qian can indeed promote the Bachelor of Mathematics in the same way as the Bachelor of Agriculture and the Bachelor of Engineering, but the problem is that agriculture and engineering have great demand from the public, and the Bachelor of Mathematics is somewhat repetitive in this aspect, and secondly, it is missing. It must be supported by the public. After all, the public has demand for agriculture and industry, but also for mathematics...
There may be demand, but it is certainly not as strong as that of agriculture and industry.
Therefore, if the "Hongdu Academy Incident" happened again here in Fei Qian, wouldn't it make the Shandong nobles very happy?
For all these reasons, Pang Tong concluded that medicine can be promoted, but mathematics should be cautious.
Medicine is easy to talk about. After all, people will grow old, sick, and die, so promoting medicine will support it regardless of whether it is high or low. But for mathematics that cannot be eaten for a while, not everyone can understand its subsequent importance like Fei Qian. So Fei Qian
If we really want to promote the development of mathematics, relying only on temporary decrees may have an effect, but it is also likely to have counter-effects. Maybe it will be like the hundreds of schools of thought during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period...
The hundreds of schools of thought during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, whether they were Legalists, Confucians, or Taoists and Mohists, may not have been supported by some rulers when they were first developed and implemented, but those who could survive would only be able to live in line with the rulers' caliber.
, resulting in new fusions and changes in Confucianism.
After Pang Tong left, Fei Qian couldn't help but fall into a long test. Can Fei Qian alone and a generation of efforts overthrow the entire feudal social structure system and change the historical process of China?
Obviously it's impossible, because He Crab said it's not possible.
So how can we ensure that the wheel of history that Fei Qian is striving to push forward can find a reasonable and legal new angle of progress, so as not to fall back into the old track?
Pang Tong's reminder undoubtedly made Fei Qian face up to this problem. After all, what Fei Qian needs is not a short-term change, but a long-term change.
So, what exactly should be done? How can mathematics, like scriptures, have a path that is compatible with each other and can coexist and develop with China?
