Chapter 2042: The position of admonishment officer, Zhongzheng and peace
Basically speaking, what are the three strategies of upper, middle and lower? In fact, the "middle strategy" is relatively feasible. The upper strategies are mostly theoretical and extremely idealistic. The lower strategies are generally too slow and passive. The upper and lower strategies are all used.
It is for Zhongce to make up the numbers, and the same is true for Zheng Xuan's so-called three gains and three losses. In fact, it seems to be paving the way for the final "one loss", and the main purpose is probably to point out this last point.
Admonishment officer, is this an official position? Some people say that it started when Qi Huan Gong established the "Great Admonition" and Bao Shuya was appointed. However, some people also mentioned the history of admonishment officer to the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, saying that this "guarantor" was actually the original admonishment officer.
Officials, then the great protector of the Xing Zhou Dynasty, or Zhao Gongsi, who was called the Taibao, should be the beginning of admonishing the officials.
But in fact, before the Spring and Autumn Period, most of the admonishment officials were ministers and ministers, and they were not independent. It seemed that everyone from ministers to ordinary men could give advice to the princes and kings, and there were many beautiful stories circulating.
Come down...
Of course, what I borrowed is still Confucianism.
"Admonishment" mainly refers to enlightening others with honest words. "Admonishment" to admonish officials was not initially prepared for ordinary officials, but was to refute the monarch from beginning to end and "admonish the gains and losses of the government." "The court"
"Zheng" and "Shangfengshi" are the two main forms in which admonishers convey criticism and advice to the monarch.
In the Qin Dynasty, there was an "admonishing doctor", which belonged to the order of Lang Zhongling. It was still used in the Han Dynasty, but it belonged to Guangluxun. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was renamed "admonishing doctor" and was specifically responsible for admonishment. In addition, the so-called Guanglu doctor, Yilang, etc., as well as
Those who have the same title as a court official and an attendant, as a casual rider, or as a regular attendant, can actually give advice.
The main responsibility of the admonishment officer is to face the monarch. Although he can point out the monarch's shortcomings and mistakes to a certain extent and discuss government affairs, this position has been led by the prime minister since the Han Dynasty. Most of the time, he follows the prime minister's color and acts.
One of the important means of restricting the monarch's power. As a monarch, he is naturally dissatisfied with this. After all, no one likes a person who talks in his ear full-time, from the beginning to the end of the year, year after year...
Therefore, starting from Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the admonishment officers were gradually divided and the functions of the admonition officers were differentiated. Those who were originally responsible for admonishing the emperor were transformed into advisors to the monarch, while those who were responsible for discussing affairs gradually became a tool to restrict the power of the prime minister.
The admonishment officer satirizes the king, and the censor supervises all officials. However, after the Song Dynasty, the two merged and were called "Tai Jian". The function of the governor of the government and the hundred officials to satirize and admonish the monarch shrank day by day. As a result, the monarchy in the Song Dynasty became stronger.
And it lasted for future generations. The centralized monarchy system of the Chinese feudal dynasty gradually took shape and improved after the confluence of Taiwan and Jian.
Of course, all dynasties and dynasties will say that when officials reach a certain level, they can write letters accusing the monarch of his faults. There are even various copper boxes to receive anonymous watches and seals, but in fact they do not last long, and there are many
Disadvantages.
Zheng Xuan specifically brought it up today, implicitly saying that the Xijing Shangshutai is actually a small imperial court at present, and since Fei Qian has recruited talents widely and has set up many institutions, it can be regarded as relatively rigorous and harmonious from both military and political aspects.
It’s perfect, but why aren’t there any remonstrance officers? In the court, the remonstrance officers were set up to admonish the king, but in the Xijing Shangshutai, the hussar generals had monopoly power and no one could restrict it. If there were no remonstrance officers,
, if you point out mistakes and omissions in the governance process at any time, are you not afraid of doing the wrong thing?
Haha, will I do something wrong?
This was naturally the first thought that came to Fei Qian's mind, but looking at Zheng Xuan, Fei Qian realized that when he had this thought, he was actually not far from doing the wrong thing.
It is true that Fei Qian did not consider admonishing officials before. Nowadays, there is a Senate Law Yuan, a Zhiyin Supervisor, one responsible for legislation, and one responsible for records, and then coupled with the Si Zhi system under the control of Pang Tong, generally speaking, they are all aimed at hundreds of officials.
Yes, there is indeed no official position for Fei Qian himself to be promoted.
Of course, on the whole, Fei Qian is still relatively open-minded. When making decisions on major issues, he often summons Pang Tong, Xun You and others to discuss before finalizing them. Therefore, it seems that there is no need to set up a special admonishment officer. At the same time, who will be there after all?
Neither of them is happy to have people watching their every move all day long and making mistakes at any time...
Therefore, the establishment of an admonishment officer has never entered Fei Qian's mind. Hearing Zheng Xuan's words, Fei Qian couldn't help but frown, "Xijing is only a platform for travel, and the emperor is located in Xu County, why is there a need to set up an admonition officer here?"
』
"If a person is not a sage, how can he have no faults?" Zheng Xuan looked at Fei Qian and said slowly, "Admonishment officers are not just for the use of masters... People in high positions must have their eyes closed if they have faults but have nothing to criticize."
Listen, and even act arbitrarily and harm the affairs of the country. There are prime ministers in counties and counties, and there are separate governors in the states. However, in Xijing, only the general of the cavalry is the sole authority. If there is no remonstrance officer, he will listen to the criticism and criticize the good way, and he will not be far behind.
That’s it.』
"Hmm..." Fei Qian glanced at Old Man Zheng, do you mean that listening to you means not closing your eyes and plugging your ears?
According to the rules of the admonishment officer, generally speaking, "the speaker is not guilty". Even if he points his finger at the monarch's nose and scolds him, as long as he talks about the matter and does not intentionally insult the monarch, the monarch can pretend not to hear it, or not do anything after hearing it, but he cannot
Therefore, he was punished by the admonishment officer.
Moreover, although other officials also have the authority to remonstrate with the monarch, if they choose to remain silent, others cannot force them to write a letter of remonstrance. However, only the remonstrating officer cannot do this. If the remonstrating officer does not speak, he will be derelict in his duty. Therefore, the establishment of the remonstrating officer,
The original intention was to create a culture so that the monarch would be accustomed to listening to his subordinates and his ministers would be accustomed to expressing their opinions.
This system, like most systems, started out with good intentions.
According to Zheng Xuan, no one is free from mistakes, so even if you are a hussar general, you are doing well now, but can you guarantee that you will not make any mistakes in the future? Only when you make mistakes, can you be pointed out immediately and corrected.
Only then can the entire Xijing tour tend to be good and righteous.
Zheng Xuan said that Feiqian was compared with the system of counties, counties and states, but in fact it can be viewed the other way around.
Fei Qian, as the supreme leader of Xijing, has admonishers to provide advice. So, can local counties and counties at all levels act arbitrarily?
On the other hand, although Zheng Xuan did not say it explicitly, he also expressed it implicitly. You, Qiaoqi, also know that there is no "master" here? So what laws and regulations have come out in Xu County, Qiaoqi, do you comply with them or not? Just like before
For those few things, you Fei Qian suffered the loss of not having an admonishment officer. Otherwise, there was some evil order from Xu County. As soon as the admonishment officer stood up and complained, you Qiaoqi could naturally follow the trend and still have a good reputation...
…
As a result, when the amnesty came, Fei Qian could only delay, and then the examination came, and Fei Qian could only delay. He could delay one or two, but it is difficult to delay three or four. He would delay every day, although delaying is also a kind of Chinese.
That's fine, but it won't be a problem if it takes too long.
Even if you make good use of the remonstrance officer, you can also turn it around and create some trouble for the people in Xu County...
It's just that, in the same way, no matter what it is, there are two sides.
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Of course, setting up a special admonishment officer has some advantages, but Fei Qian also has to pay a certain price. For example, Zheng Xuan raised the issue of industry and commerce and female officials before, and then wrote every day to lighten industry and commerce and dismiss female officials. He wrote thousands of words and spoke eloquently.
If you attack in public opinion, isn't that just making yourself uncomfortable?
Fei Qian pinched the beard on his chin and began to weigh the pros and cons. Nothing can be completely without cons. The main issue is how to choose between the pros and cons.
Zheng Xuan was not in a hurry, nor did he say anything to urge him. He sat quietly aside, his eyes seeming to be closed...
Overall, many of Fei Qian's concepts and systems have been tested in history, and it can be determined that they are relatively advanced for the Han Dynasty, but this does not mean that these advanced systems will definitely have curative effects.
, because if the local officials who implement it do not obey sincerely, then there must be too many ways to turn what was originally a good policy into a vicious policy that harms the people, disturbs the people, and even ruins the reputation of the country's court!
Orders and regulations are issued from the top. Local officials don’t know anything. If they have any questions, they go to the top...
Anyway, just seize the loopholes that ordinary people cannot fully understand the government decrees, only do what is beneficial to themselves, pretend to be aggrieved, and wait until the people are forced to come up with real regulations and regulations in front of them, then
It was like a sudden enlightenment, and a "la" sound indicated that there were some deviations in the understanding.
I don’t even think about how sad it is when a common person who is not a law enforcement officer is forced to know more about the law than a professional law enforcement official?
So since Fei Qian has decided to embark on a new road of greatness, and is determined to overcome difficulties, and is willing to listen to opinions from all sides, for the sake of collective unity, and in order not to be proud and lead to mistakes, then the setting of the admonishment officer,
What's not to do?
This is taking the initiative to use the system to restrain one's power, which will definitely cause a lot of troubles. However, at the same time, the improvement of the system also means that more possible mistakes can be nipped in the bud. This may not necessarily be a simple matter.
bad thing.
What's more, in order to more effectively supervise local governance issues, even if it costs me a little more trouble, what's unacceptable?
In comparison, local authorities need more and should establish relevant job supervision systems.
The official supervision system before Fei Qian focused more on the aftermath, while the admonishment system focused more on before and during the event. This is undoubtedly a great improvement and supplement for Fei Qian's future governance.
Previously, one reason was the scarcity of talents, and the other reason was that for administrative convenience, the civil and military affairs were under the control of the cavalry. Although the supervisor was directly responsible for supervision, it was mainly for individual officials rather than supervising the operation of the entire policy. Xun You mainly focused on
In terms of finance, Pang Tong mainly focused on the military. It would be difficult for them to supervise the affairs of local counties.
Shenluyuan was a place where Fei Qian used to mix things up, so it was naturally impossible to give too much authority. It had a high reputation, but it did not give real power. Zhiyinyuan paved the way for female officials, and they had just stepped onto the path.
The burden should not be too heavy, otherwise it will easily reach the waist...
Therefore, it is actually not bad to set up the line of admonishing officials from Guang Luxun alone.
As a result, Fei Qian looked at Zheng Xuan and said word by word: "What Mr. Zheng said is indeed reasonable. However, the position of an admonishment officer cannot be filled by a person who is not a prudent person. If he falls into the hands of a small person, he uses the name of the people to carry out his own desires."
, seeking personal gain through the people's mouth is really harmful. Therefore, if this position is set up, it cannot be held by people who are not publicly respected. Is Mr. Zheng willing to work hard on writing documents and speaking out for the people?"
Zheng Xuan was stunned.
Zheng Xuan also made a lot of psychological preparations when he came this time.
After all, the Confucian scholars in the Han Dynasty were somewhat different from those in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Many of the Confucian descendants of the gentry in the Wei and Jin Dynasties fell into drunkenness, drinking, singing and debauchery, and even took the Five Stone Powder Golden Pill to numb themselves. However, in the current Han Dynasty,
There are still many scholars and Confucian students who still have a sincere heart.
Zheng Xuan is willing to come to Fei Qian. On the one hand, Zheng Xuan has indeed re-understood some things in the Qinglong Temple Great Treatise, not only about the scriptures between ancient and modern texts, but also about Fei Qian.
For a more direct understanding.
When Yuan Shao called Zheng Xuan to serve as an official, Zheng Xuan rejected it because Zheng Xuan felt that Yuan Shao was no different from many other Han officials. They had a big name but did nothing.
However, here in Hussar, Zheng Xuan saw many policy adjustments made by General Fei Qian of Hussar for the sake of ordinary people, and these policies were things that Zheng Xuan felt were wrong before but could not tell.
In contrast, Zheng Xuan is more willing to believe in Fei Qian, and is more willing to make some efforts of his own to change the bad habits he has seen over the years...
However, Zheng Xuan also understood that not everyone liked the position of admonishment officer, and it was not easy to hold it.
So when Fei Qian agreed with Zheng Xuan's advice so easily without any evasion or even argument, Zheng Xuan was still holding back his energy, preparing to continue persuading for a long time before he could get results.
After all, I had a dispute with Fei Qian about business matters...
As a result, Zheng Xuan was prepared to give many speeches and even bitter remonstrances, and then he punched the air with all his strength, somewhat unable to breathe.
After a while, Zheng Xuan recovered from his shock and smiled slightly.
"General Hussar, you are really good at what you do..." Zheng Xuan sighed, "If General Hussar does not think that he is mysterious and humble, but pretends to be responsible for admonishing someone, he will naturally know everything."
Fei Qian smiled and said, "Mr. Zheng, wait a moment to make your promise... If Mr. Zheng makes a suggestion but someone doesn't listen, what should I do?"
Zheng Xuan was stunned for a moment again, stroked his beard, and said word by word, "You should remonstrate again."
"But if Duke Zheng doesn't obey any of his repeated or three remonstrances, what should we do?" Fei Qian continued to ask.
Zheng Xuan couldn't help but let out a long sigh, then rolled his eyelids and said in a deep voice: "Whether you listen or not depends on the hussar, and whether you speak or not depends on the remonstrating officer."
Fei Qian laughed, "I thought that Zheng Gonggui said, "If you can't do it, you can ride a raft and float in the sea." That's right..."
Zheng Xuan said solemnly: "If you don't listen to what you say, it doesn't mean that you can't do it; if you listen to what you say, it doesn't mean that all the ways are clear. If the admonishment officer says, the master will listen, but it doesn't necessarily mean that he is being held hostage by the minister. If you do it because of admonishment,
If he doesn't accept it, he hangs up his crown and leaves. This may not mean that he is doing something wrong by asking for a name. If the knight makes a mistake, he should give his advice, but it will not lead to resentment between each other if he doesn't listen to something..."
Fei Qian stood up and bowed to Zheng Xuan, "Sure enough, Duke Zheng has the four words "Zhongzheng and Peace", and he received a certain bow..."
Zheng Xuan quickly stood up and returned the courtesy.
Zheng Xuan is so sensible that he deserves Fei Qian's respect.
After all, an admonisher is not the same as a keyboard warrior, nor is he a pure troll. An admonisher should provide well-founded feedback on issues, not just to find fault with others.
Zhuzi, or just resign and leave your job, without thinking about whether it can really have the effect of admonition? Is it really admonishment for the sake of admonishment, or is it just admonishment for the sake of admonishment?
Just like the previous calamity caused by the party's imprisonment, aren't those who are responsible for talking nonsense? They accuse this and criticize that every day. If they really want to come up with any practical solutions, they just stare and open their mouths, and let me come up with it.
What do you want those officials to do?
In the later Ming Dynasty, there were also many admonishers. Although their original intentions were good, their directions were wrong. These admonishers were not full-time admonishers. As a result, many of them were appointed purely for fame and reputation.
He was always talking loudly, scrutinizing everything he did, and making mistakes as big as the hair. In the end, no one did anything. All the officials practiced the national football kung fu very well. Part of the reason for this is
The more you do, the more mistakes you will make.
If the admonishers were all such keyboard warriors with a combination of power and essence, then it would be a good idea not to do it.
So Fei Qian said to Zheng Xuan: "Three days later, I will give you the duty of admonishing Duke Zheng. I hope you will not fail. If you fail to do what you said today... let's give advice first..." No matter how good it is, it is still
It depends on the specific actions.
Zheng Xuan was stunned again, then nodded slowly.
This matter is basically settled.
Although it is said that there is still a process to go through. After being canonized at the Xijing Shangshu Desk, it will be sent to Xu County for filing. Basically, Xu County can only say that it knows, and it is impossible to make any refutation of Fei Qian's decision.
.
Zheng Xuan stood up again, paid homage to Fei Qian, and then changed his name to call Fei Qian the Duke and called himself a minister.
This kind of etiquette for determining the affiliation of superiors and subordinates, especially between an official and his self-appointed subordinates, basically followed the style of the Qin and Han Dynasties, that is, the relationship between the king and his ministers was equal to that of the king and his ministers. This custom continued until the Wei and Jin Dynasties.
After the Wuhu chaos in China, the habit of calling oneself "minister" to the chief official rather than to the emperor gradually disappeared.
Just as Pang Tong came, he heard about this and couldn't help but smile and congratulate Zheng Xuan. The monarch and his ministers sat down again and chatted for a while. Zheng Xuan understood that Pang Tong must have important military affairs when he came, so he didn't wait too long.
I found an excuse and left...
Pang Tong watched Zheng Xuan leave, then turned and raised his eyebrows at Fei Qian.
Fei Qian smiled, stretched out his hand and pressed a weak button on the table.
As soon as the two people made eye contact, each understood what the other meant...
Pang Tong chuckled, "I'm afraid Mr. Shui Jing wouldn't have heard of it, so he would have known this..."
Fei Qian also laughed, but shook his head and didn't say anything. He was also a great scholar, and he also had the same invitation to be named, but Sima mostly did it for the Sima family. Zheng Xuan, whose son was promoted as a filial piety by Kong Rong, the Prime Minister of Beihai.
Lian, then Kong Rong was besieged by the Yellow Turban Army, Zheng Xuan's son died in the disaster, and then Kong Rong ran away...
Of course, Zheng Xuan couldn't feel the pain of hurting his son, but did Zheng Xuan stab Confucius every day? When he found an opportunity, he would vent on Confucius? He even vented his anger on Confucius and tampered with his scriptures? So Zheng Xuan came
, Fei Qian was willing to give his remonstrance to Zheng Xuan, but when Sima Hui came, Fei Qian did not dare to give his remonstrance to Mr. Shui Jing, who turned into a fox if he touched his hair.
Fei Qian asked: "But what happened to the military situation?"
Pang Tong took out a letter from his sleeve and said: "Cao's troops and horses have not seen any movement for the time being... But this is the case... The price of iron in Jizhou has increased sharply this year, and it has doubled now!"