In the later generations where Fei Qian lived, we often heard a saying called "material and spiritual", both of which must be grasped hard. Unfortunately, this is the conclusion that the Chinese people came to after learning from the pain, and it remains the same in later generations.
Some people will forget, let alone during this period of time when they were still in the Han Dynasty. Most people are not very clear about the concept of "material and spiritual", let alone its extension...
Feiqian's visit to the Translation Center allowed Guo Tu to not only continue to collect relevant materials about the Western Regions, but also focus on collecting, sorting and translating the "Colossal Scholars", that is, Aristotle's books.
Maybe it smells like a foreign monk, but in fact it is because during the three to four hundred years of the Han Dynasty, the original materialistic seedlings of China have been destroyed, died, or parasitized in other places, just like a
If you want to repair a dilapidated house, it is better to tear it down and rebuild it.
Aristotle's relevant literature is undoubtedly the most solid foundation for this new house.
Because any scientific research, whether it is natural science or social science, always obtains unknown knowledge based on the known, so how to correctly reveal the unknown from the known is the research scope of logic.
The birth of Aristotle's logic was derived from the developed debating skills of ancient Greece on the one hand, and directly from the most popular geometry at the time. His discussion of scientific proofs was abstracted from the proofs of geometry.
, and precisely because of this, Aristotle’s logical deduction system is inherently rigorous and reliable in mathematics.
Ancient Greece, ancient India, and ancient China all developed the seeds of materialism, debate, and logic at almost the same time period, but the seeds of ancient India eventually grew into Buddhism, and after the seeds of China first grew, they
Suppressed by the rulers, they were torn apart...
For human society, the more important significance of Aristotle's logic is that it opens up a new way for us to understand the truth that is different from epistemology, that is, we can also gain knowledge of the truth in unknown areas through logic.
This is undoubtedly a more objective, less controversial, easier to understand and easier to inherit method of understanding, and it is also the basis for the establishment of a scientific system.
As for the Chinese civilization, it was precisely because of the lack of logic that the entire late Chinese feudal dynasty fell into ambiguity and sophistry. It all depended on one mouth, two flips, and arbitrary standards of right and wrong, making the rule of law impossible.
It is often reduced to empty talk, and when things come up, it becomes a rule of thumb, and the sense of trust between the top, bottom, left and right is almost zero.
The simplest example is like someone saying in front of others, "A small person is not a gentleman", and then turning around and muttering to himself, "No poison, no husband"; when he wants to climb up, he means "people go to higher places", and then
He turned around and told the person behind him to stop climbing, because "it's too cold at high places."
This kind of severe schizophrenia is a stubborn disease that lacks overall logic. The behavioral logic is in a state of yin and yang that can be split and cannot be unified at any time and anywhere. Therefore, in future generations, there will still be theories of victim guilt, and there will be a slap in the face that cannot make a sound.
When you are taking advantage, you should give priority, but when you are suffering, it means that others should show their style.
It is precisely because there is no logic that China's subsequent social concepts of right and wrong are so vague.
Regardless of whether it is social science or natural science, if you want to pursue the truth, you must be objective and rigorous, eliminate all subjective interference, and not be careless at all.
This is why after hundreds of Chinese schools of civilization, there are no more.
Because only idealism is left.
After the splendor, all that remains is withering.
Deposing hundreds of schools of thought and killing Xunzi's materialism also killed objectivity. Respecting Confucianism alone buries Mozi's logical theory and also buries rigor!
What? Legal studies? They serve the emperor. There is no such thing as idealism. They only serve the emperor.
Can this Qinglong Temple lecture stimulate China’s local materialism again?
In fact, there is a rather ironic fact that Mozi had established a similar logical system decades earlier than Aristotle. In "Mozi", the "Mo Jing" composed of six expositions, and other
Each article is different in nature. Its main content is not political ethics, but scientific definitions and theories, which can enable people to establish correct viewpoints and refute wrong viewpoints through logical methods.
Of course, Mozi's final failure was not due to logical materialism, but to his opposition to rulers. This is the same problem as Huang Lao, but in any society where rulers exist, such a theory will not be allowed to spread.
.
Like Aristotle, who only talks about logic, it can be preserved and even introduced into Christian theory later...
After modern Western thought surged into China, Liang Hu and other scholars used Western scientific methods to study the Mohist Scripture, allowing the world to understand how advanced the logic and scientific thinking of our ancestors was in the world at that time.
But at that time, will it be useful to lament the progress and the age?
Might as well do it now.
What you can do is a little.
Stones from other mountains can attack jade, and jade from other mountains can also attack rocks.
No matter whether it is stone or wood, as long as it can knock people's heads, it is good.
Fei Qian has been thinking about this issue before, and it is obvious that if Fei Qian wants to re-establish the trademark of Mozi or Xunzi, the Confucian disciples will definitely refuse to do it and will oppose it, and then he will enter the favorite place of the Confucian disciples.
During the session, he was also the ancestor of later generations of gangsters. He opposed purely for the sake of opposition, without even knowing what he was objecting to!
Therefore, instead of reopening and repairing the broken houses of Mozi and Xunzi, it is better to find an excuse and let these Confucian scholars go to the houses destroyed by their ancestors to sort out and build a new foundation of materialist logic and dialectics.
Of course, Fei Qian also knows that Confucianism has deep-seated old habits, and the overall concept of students cannot suddenly change due to impact from some aspects. This still needs a process.
What Feiqian is doing now is to speed up this process.
Like a catalyst.
Of course, it takes time to collect, translate, and publish to influence gentry students. Fei Qian estimates that it will take at least three years. Obviously, it will not be able to catch up with this Qinglong Temple lecture, but it can be done in
In the process of Qinglong Temple's lecture, some hooks were laid first, and the boy waited for time to slowly pull them out.
This hook is industry.
Of course, for today's big men, these industries may be said to be "scientific" proof in some aspects.
This was not a spur-of-the-moment idea. In fact, Fei Qian had wanted to do this for a long time.
If you want to develop agricultural industry, what you need is strict discipline, logic, and materialism, not just a few, a few, and some approximations.
Agriculture is relatively good, but during this period, conflicts in industry have become somewhat obvious.
On the one hand, with the rapid development of the commodity economy and the increase in population in Sanfu, Guanzhong, there are more and higher output and quality requirements for both agriculture and industry. On the other hand, with the
With the complexity and refinement of craftsmanship, the requirements for industrial workers are also increasing, and the value of pure coolie brute force is declining.
Therefore, the demand for professional and specialized craftsmen, or "workers" in industry, is naturally increasing. However, the traditional method of teaching master-to-apprentice is not only time-consuming, slow to produce results, inefficient, but also sometimes harmful.
It cannot keep up with the speed of technological development and is far from meeting the industry's demand for skilled workers.
At the same time, wars in Shandong and Shanxi in the Han Dynasty, the influx of refugees, and the replenishment of slave labor in Longxi, Longyou, and other places made the low-cost pure hard labor less and less remunerative.
In the densely populated areas of Sanfu, Guanzhong, farmland is relatively limited and cannot accommodate so many laborers. Therefore, the development of industry has enabled industrial workshops to accommodate more industrial workers. This is after Feiqian stabilized agriculture.
, we must take a new step forward-looking.
You can't just build a latrine when shit is about to happen, right?
After the environment is stabilized and the basic food and clothing are provided, there will inevitably be a large number of new people. In addition, a large number of poor refugees will flow into Guanzhong from other places, which will inevitably bring about a series of social problems.
This issue is difficult for Pang Tong, Xun You, and even other first-rate counselors to estimate and predict. Only people like Fei Qian, who has a lot of experience in later generations, can deduce future changes and make corresponding decisions accordingly.
Measures.
Because I have no skills, I can only engage in the most basic physical labor. With such an income, I might have been able to survive in Guanzhong Sanfu before, but as time goes by, this kind of purely physical labor will become more and more difficult.
Support your family.
In the same weaving factory, the wages of small workers who are only engaged in carrying, carrying water, and riding bicycles are different from those of skilled weavers or satin workers.
Even in brick factories or smelting plants where coolies are most needed, the income of those responsible for carrying, fanning, and keeping an eye on the fire lags far behind those of workers in loading, pouring, smelting, and other processes.
This difference is sometimes even more than ten times.
Under such circumstances, on the one hand, Fei Qian needs to expand production, and on the other hand, most craftsmen have concerns about teaching their apprentices to starve the master to death, so that the master-disciple teaching model of hiding one skill and shortcoming the other makes it difficult to keep up.
needs of industrial development.
In an industry with a relatively small market, teaching apprentices will indeed starve the master to death. But now Fei Qian wants to spread the industry out of Guanzhong and form a center with three supporting points on the east and west of the Sichuan-Shu River and Longxi, and continue to use the old
mode, it is naturally very troublesome.
Instead of overcoming the old ideas in the minds of these craftsmen and dispelling their so-called concerns about "starving their masters to death", it is as unrealistic as trying to re-respect Mozi and Xunzi among Confucian scholars today.
Just like when it is a small group of officials who are acting in a shady manner, it is naturally the problem of this small group of officials. But if it is the scholars, craftsmen, or a wider range of ordinary people all over the world who are acting in a shady manner, on the surface
They all talk about morality, but in fact they do whatever it takes to get money. On the surface they say they are happy but they feel numb in their hearts. That is not an ordinary problem.
Does Fei Qian need to stand on the opposite side of all Confucian students?
unnecessary.
Fei Qian found an "enemy" for these Confucian students, so now Fei Qian also found another "enemy" for these craftsmen.
Whether it is a stone from another mountain or a jade from another mountain, it all has the same goal and serves a purpose.
Leaving Baling, crossing the Weishui River and heading north, Feiqian headed for Maoling.
The so-called Wulingyuan of Chang'an actually contains eleven tombs. This is common sense.
Two of the tombs are to the south of the Wei River, and the rest are to the north of the Wei River.
Maoling is the largest, but big trees attract wind, and big tombs attract thieves. Maoling has been stolen not once or twice, but even the army excavated it on a large scale at least twice. The most recent one was done by Lu Bu.
So the situation in Maoling was actually very bad when Fei Qian took over Chang'an.
Maoling was very prosperous at first, but in economic geography, there is a term called deconvergent decline, which means that when a region develops to a certain level, it will begin to decline due to the destruction of the environment and resources. And Maoling,
It is this typical case of dissociative decline, and even the city of Chang'an has embarked on such a path in history.
Hundreds of years later, Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty declined like this and could never turn around again.
Fortunately, Chang'an met Fei Qian and turned a corner from the road of decline.
Feiqian looked over and saw that many trees could still be seen in the surrounding mountains and forests, but these early fern-dominated woodlands would soon degrade and die under the double attack of human nature.
So the focus is still on technological improvement and moving forward.
Improvements in stoves have improved combustion efficiency and saved fuel.
Improvements in fuel and briquettes converted from coal have greatly reduced the amount of wood cut down for heating in winter.
The improvement of water conservancy has dredged the silt, expanded the irrigation area, improved the fertility of the fields, and increased the yield per mu.
Zhuang He's improvements...
Instead of just chopping, chopping, burning, burning.
Otherwise, even the rich and advanced Qinchuan, which is three hundred miles away, will definitely be doomed as soon as it stops moving forward. How long did it take from the former Qin to the Tang Dynasty? It was only a little over a thousand years ago, and it was so devastated that it would never be seen again.
The spirit of dominating the world.
Technology is very important, but if you want to develop technology, you cannot just be idealistic, you also need to be materialistic...
I kept thinking all the way, and before I knew it, I arrived outside Maoling.
Seeing that it was Fei Qian's flag, the guards outside Maoling quickly opened the middle door, and then ordered all pedestrians around to get out of the way.
Fei Qian was not polite, he just nodded slightly and walked straight in.
Entering Maoling City and heading east, you will see that earth-shaking changes have taken place here.
This place used to be dilapidated and crowded, and the ground was full of potholes. If it rained, the ground would be so muddy that it was impossible to put a foot in.
Fei Qian didn't know where he saw a saying, that is, if most of the people in a country start to mess up, the country will not be in a good place.
Not long after Fei Qian arrived in Chang'an, the mausoleum was in ruins.
The road is broken and there is no one to repair it.
The wall collapsed and no one took care of it.
Refugees poop and urinate directly on the road, even in the ditch...
Not to mention that the Maoling Mausoleum that was being excavated at that time had yellow and black holes with yellow mud flowing out, just like pus wounds.
The more broken it is, the more rotten it is, and the more rotten it is.
Is it the broken window effect? Everyone else is broken anyway, so I don’t care if there is one more.
Now, under Fei Qian's feet is a road paved with gravel, soil and cement. The middle is slightly higher and the sides are slightly lower. There are also specially dug underground ditches on both sides of the road, covered with stone slabs, so that even if it rains heavily,
Even if it pours, the road can basically remain free of water.
On both sides of the street, most of the buildings are rebuilt. The ones along the street are basically two-story buildings, some are three-story buildings, and there are fewer four-story buildings. One is due to imperfect architectural technology, and the other is
The reason for the safety factor is not the safety factor of the building, but the safety factor of the defense system. A four-story building is enough to cover a large area. If a gangster really climbs to the top and shoots from above, it will be a very troublesome thing.
In addition to the shops along the street, there are small courtyards in the alleys.
Mulberry trees, locust trees, willow trees, osmanthus trees, plum trees, peach trees, etc. are crisscrossed around the alleys and courtyards. In the grand atmosphere of the Han Dynasty, some exquisiteness and smallness are also revealed.
This is of course Fei Qian's handiwork.
Only those who have seen the garden design of Jiangnan small schools and large schools, one step at a time, will change the heads of these Han people. Otherwise, if we follow the original design drawings of the Han officials, it will be to cross a street and erect a road, a staggered grid.
Inside is the inner courtyard, and there is not even any green space, fire isolation zone, etc. Finally, a few large water tanks were temporarily added, and people had to watch them from time to time, fearing that they would be smashed by others, or that little bears would fall into the tanks themselves.
inside.
After all, not everyone is Sima Guang. His family is rich and he is not afraid of losing money.
Housing prices in Maoling are not low either.
This was even accomplished by Fei Qian.
Such a unique courtyard, such a novel layout, such complete supporting facilities, surrounded by a ten-minute living area...
At this price, of course it’s hehehe.
Fei Qian came to see his father-in-law, Huang Chengyan.
Huang Chengyan disliked being bothered in Chang'an City, so he went to the small courtyard in Lingyi. Anyway, there were many such courtyards in Lingyi in Fei Qian's hands. Even like Pingyang City, the entire square belonged to Fei Qian. Therefore, the money
For Feiqian, it really doesn't mean much, what's more important is how to spend money in useful places.
When Fei Qian arrived, Huang Chengyan was working on a model with two or three master craftsmen in the courtyard.
Fei Qian's guards habitually entered the hall and occupied a strategic position.
These soldiers who suddenly came in startled Huang Chengyan and others, and they didn't understand until they saw Fei Qian. The craftsmen quickly bowed down, and Huang Chengyan was stunned for a moment, "The hussars are coming, why can't you tell me?! Okay?"
Let me welcome you!"
Fei Qian waved his hand and said, "We are all a family, so there is no need to be so polite. I told them not to report... What is this?" Fei Qian saw the obvious model of a housing complex.
Huang Chengyan rolled his sleeves, and after asking the master craftsmen and assistants to leave, he said to Fei Qian: "This is the new engineering college..."
With the increase in enrollment and the expansion of enrollment scope, the original Agricultural College and Engineering College were somewhat insufficient and already seemed a bit cramped. Naturally, larger colleges need to be built, and this time, the Engineering College and the Agricultural College will be separated.
In two places.
The Agricultural College will be closer to the dense farmland area of Chang'an, while the Engineering College is naturally close to the Qinling area and close to the workshops.
Fei Qian nodded, looked carefully at the model of the School of Engineering, and suddenly frowned...
