The new model of the College of Engineering created by Huang Chengyan generally follows the architectural style of the Han Dynasty, with flat squares and graceful grandeur.
The College of Engineering naturally trains bachelors of engineering, but this time, it wants to train more workers.
In any new ruling class that tries to replace the old class, it will package the interests of its own class into the interests of all, and Fei Qian is certainly no exception. But we cannot say that this is wrong and cannot be packaged, but it depends on whether there are specific provisions.
Society brings more space for the development of productivity.
Ma Dabeard can't decide everything, and Fei Qian can't decide everything either. He can only plant the seeds.
Obviously, the Han Dynasty was a society based on agriculture, with the agricultural population accounting for the majority. In such an environment, it would go against productivity to engage in industry regardless of agriculture, and it would be impossible to promote a working class. Fei Qian knew this very well.
But the new engineering college he built had nothing to do with class, because both agriculture and industry were ruled in the Han Dynasty. It was just that the characteristics of the industrial population determined that it was easier to acquire more knowledge than the agricultural population.
It is more relatively centralized and easier to achieve specialization, just like the popular education promoted by Fiji in the military.
To put it simply, promoting industrial development now will, to a certain extent, make it easier to develop people's wisdom and is more conducive to improving productivity.
Development, dialectics.
The beauty of first birth.
On the whole, the engineering college that Huang Chengyan is involved in is generally composed of four courtyards. The first courtyard is a vast teaching field, used for gatherings or preaching.
What was unexpected was Master Lu Ban. On both sides there were couplets boasting Lu Ban's achievements, made of small wooden pieces and pasted on the red painted pillars...
Fei Qian clicked here, "Just add one more."
Huang Chengyan blurted out, "Mozi?"
Fei Qian nodded.
Huang Chengyan said: "I have thought about it before, but I am worried that if I add it, it will attract criticism..."
Lu Ban did not engage in politics, so Lu Ban was popular, but Mozi was not.
Fei Qian pondered for a moment and said, "You can't be partial to everything. Mozi deserves this position."
Huang Chengyan's eyes moved slightly and he nodded in agreement.
On both sides of the entire cathedral, there are two identical courtyards stacked on top of each other. Surrounding the corridor in the middle, there is a long series of teaching buildings, with pink tiles and black tiles, and some artificial trees made of twigs.
Spaced apart.
Fei Qian also deliberately staggered some angles and lifted the roofs of these teaching buildings. He saw that the inside was basically the same as the previous teaching buildings, with a seating model without blackboards...
"Let's make some changes here..." Fei Qian pointed at the teaching building, "There will be tables and benches for students, and podiums, back chairs, and blackboards for teachers..."
It is similar to the classrooms of later generations, but with an extra back chair for the teacher. If a back chair is prepared, it is the teacher's own business if the teacher does not sit down, but if not, in the current era, it is impossible for the teacher to stand and teach the students
The lecturers and students did not dare to sit and listen to the teacher stand up and speak freely.
"Hu stools and tables?" Huang Chengyan was still a little worried, "Could it be..."
"It doesn't matter." Fei Qian knew what Huang Chengyan was worried about, "I don't mean to change all of them, but to change half... The teaching building with wooden benches and tables is used to teach the art of engineering, while the teaching building with seats is still the way of studying Confucian classics.
...Father-in-law, think about it, in the art of craftsmanship, does the craftsman have to get up frequently to see how well these apprentices imitate the craftsmanship? Does he often have to patrol back and forth? If he is sitting, stepping on it will make it more indecent and sawdust.
It is also difficult to clean up dirt and dust. In addition, getting up and sitting down will inevitably make it more cumbersome. It is better to use a bench or a table, which is easy to clean after teaching."
"That's true." Huang Chengyan thought for a moment and nodded in agreement, "My lord is very worried."
The troubles Fei Qian mentioned were indeed encountered in the previous engineering colleges. Generally speaking, there is no problem in teaching Confucian classics and culture courses, but when it comes to practical operations, the sitting mode teaching buildings often
All are a bit troublesome.
Students have to sit on their knees, and the desk table is inconvenient and difficult to hold. It is also easy for sawdust and gravel to fall on the seats. Then it is very troublesome to clean up the arranged seats.
If you don't clean it up, someone's anus will be pierced in the next class...
If it is changed to a wooden floor with wooden stools and tables, then just sweep it and it will be done, which will naturally be more convenient and clean.
Of course, something more profound is that cognition can be changed through daily life...
There is no need to tell Lao Huang about this.
Fei Qian also nodded slightly and put the roof back on the model of the teaching building.
Now we are only changing half of it. If it is implemented well and the impact is great, we may require all teaching buildings to be changed to the "Hu tables and Hu stools" model.
The Han Dynasty still uses the sitting system, but it is just because productivity and production materials have not reached a certain level. After all, carpenters are not available everywhere. Iron nails, copper nails, etc. are still equivalent to money within a certain period of time, while carpenters are more professional in mortise and tenon.
Mao structure is not something that just anyone can figure out.
Therefore, sitting under the sky with a stone as a seat is a last resort. Otherwise, who doesn’t want to make their legs and feet more comfortable and make the chrysanthemums feel better?
Now of course there is no need to follow the "old habits".
Worshiping Mozi is breaking some habits.
Changing the teaching building also breaks some habits.
And this kind of "habit" is more like a circle, a kind of imprisonment.
Come little by little.
Behind the two teaching buildings on the left and right, going around to the back, are the office areas and dormitories for faculty and staff. There are also various small-scale practical workshops...
On one side are wood, gold and clay.
On the other side are silk, cloth, and textiles.
Metallurgy and other industries that require the use of fire are naturally located elsewhere.
"Such workshops should be placed outside..." Fei Qian pointed to those workshops and said, "Although there are workshops in the courtyard, which are convenient to come and go, there are many hidden dangers. Open fires are easy to prevent, but candlelight is difficult to control... Apart from the kitchens, these
If there is a firewood shed, etc., we can build a smaller courtyard, pavilion, etc. in the spare space, which is also convenient for professors and doctors to gather and relax on weekdays..."
Huang Chengyan did not hesitate to make this change, he nodded in agreement, and then said that he would thank Fei Qian for the arrangement on behalf of those professors, doctors, and craftsmen. After all, the backyard was almost a comfortable place, and the treatment index skyrocketed.
Fei Qian waved his hand, then put the model aside and asked Huang Chengyan about the improvement of some equipment.
Fei Qian came to see Huang Chengyan. In fact, the model of the new engineering college was secondary. The seeds were arranged casually, mainly for the machine.
The most important of them is the machine for cotton.
The output of cotton is gradually expanding, which requires Feiqian to have corresponding machines to increase production efficiency. Originally, it might be possible to divert manpower from other textiles, but if too much is diverted, it will naturally affect the production of other fabrics.
This is a contradiction that Fei Qian must resolve.
There is linen in China, and most of the cloths in the Han Dynasty are not cotton, but linen.
Hemp is not equal to cotton and cannot be used universally.
Cotton is also not equal to silk.
But there is a similarity, that is, these raw materials are not directly usable. They all need to be processed and then turned into threads before they can finally become finished products.
The raw materials of silk and linen are silkworm cocoons and flax, but they cannot be used directly. Silkworm cocoons must be reeled before they can be turned into raw silk for spinning; flax also needs to be soaked and broken, twisted together and spun into thread or yarn before it can be used
To weave into cloth. Silk reeling requires a reeling machine, and spinning requires a spinning machine.
Similarly, a machine that turns cotton into yarn after it has been processed by rods, elastics, etc. is a cotton spinning machine.
Fei Qian knew that there was a spinning machine in later generations, a three-spindle spinning wheel invented by Huang Daopo, which could spin three yarns at the same time. It was a very remarkable invention...
But unfortunately, Fei Qian only knew its name and did not know its craftsmanship.
Although Huang Chengyan and Huang Daopo both have the surname Huang, they are not the same. Just like if they both have the surname Ma, one is named Ma and the other is named Ma, the attention is immediately different.
Now in front of Fei Qian are equipment models of various fabrics.
Everything from silk to cotton.
It’s just that there are relatively few instruments that fall into the cotton category.
Cotton is a new thing for Dahan. It is obviously unrealistic and economical to train apprentices to veterans from scratch. Therefore, if Fei Qian needs to expand the production of cotton cloth, he must recruit craftsmen or veterans from other fabrics, which is what Fei Qian is doing now.
An inevitable choice.
Similarly, although other fabric industries say that the textile principles are similar, it will save some trouble to transfer to cotton. However, in other fabric industries, it is not that simple to train a veteran.
So, this is the current dilemma.
Because in the Qin and Han Dynasties, most of the processes such as spinning and reeling were done manually, even if machinery was involved. This was completely different from the later generations who pressed a button and ignored everything.
Unless equipment in other textile industries can be improved, or a machine adapted to cotton can be invented.
Take silk reeling, which is developing relatively well, as an example. The most advanced reeling machine at the moment is the hand-operated reeling machine.
Mechanical, to a certain extent, represents repetitive stability.
At the beginning, the reeling machine was probably just a simple H-shaped wooden frame, which was simply used for winding.
Later, during the Warring States Period, it was improved into a windlass-type silk reeling machine. The silk reeling machine basically has the prototype of a hand-operated reeling machine. It is generally made of bamboo, with four or hexagonal corners, interconnected by short spokes, and a central thread.
The shaft is placed on the reeling kettle when in use. When in use, it is directly pulled to make it rotate continuously, and the silk strips drawn out of the reeling kettle are directly wound around the reel frame.
After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the hand-operated reeling machine appeared.
This is a set of equipment that is very crude in the eyes of later generations, and can even be said to be very inconvenient. However, even so, it is still considered the most advanced production tool in the Han Dynasty. It consists of stoves, cauldrons, pots, eyes, hooks and other components.
The simple deconstruction of the components allows the silk thread output to have a certain stability during constant repetition, and relatively high-quality silk threads can be obtained to enter the next production link.
Perhaps due to the backward conditions in some areas, or perhaps the government's indifference to the handicraft industry, the hand-operated reeling machine invented between the Qin and Han Dynasties was still in use in some places even in the Ming Dynasty, which makes people admire its vitality.
, on the other hand, it really makes people sigh with emotion about China’s scientific and technological progress, which is really speechless.
Although this hand-operated reel is simple, it cannot be used by a single person. To put it simply, most people cannot draw a square with one hand and a circle with one hand, and repeat it without making mistakes.
Generally speaking, it takes two people to ensure the orderly production of a hand-operated reeling machine. Otherwise, unless you are like an old naughty boy or a little dragon girl, you can make the spinning motion with one hand and draw circles with the other hand.
action……
Fei Qian looked at the hand-operated reeling model, flipping it left and right, and then sighed slightly and said: "This is the disadvantage of the present. One person's power is limited after all. Even if he collects it by himself throughout his life,
It is made from silk and thread, and it is made by itself. All the links are extremely skillful. How many pieces can you get? The New Institute of Technology, the word "new", was born from this."
Huang Chengyan nodded.
Perhaps among the many scholars of the older generation, only Huang Chengyan is better able to understand the meaning of some of Fei Qian's measures. The strength of a country is multifaceted, including scriptures, armor, weapons, and even iron.
Nail thread.
At present, the economy of Feiqian's territories, especially Guanzhong Sanfu, is strong. The most critical point is that there are more products than other regions. The basis of this "more" is that Feiqian uses a large number of machines and constantly requires craftsmen.
To improve, innovate, and use, so that more items can be produced with the same manpower, or even less manpower.
Cao Cao, Xun Yu, and some people in Shandong racked their brains and couldn't understand why Fei Potential had so much money. Then they couldn't understand why there was such a big difference for the same piece of land. In fact, it's very simple.
In later generations, there was a proper term for this, "scissors difference".
The price difference between industry and agriculture is huge.
People in Shandong are fixated on agricultural products such as grain, grass, crops, and crops, trying to pass down the classics of small-scale farmer economics to their families for thousands of years, but Fei Qian has focused on developing industry and commerce from the beginning, and Fei Qian is very clear that agriculture is the foundation, and only
Energy is the foundation, not the whole of a society.
Just like people prefer to sit on mats and chairs rather than having chrysanthemums clinging to cold stones every day, if conditions permit, people will choose better ones.
Cotton quilts and cotton robes were undoubtedly the cheapest and most comfortable "mats or chairs" during the Little Ice Age.
However, if we increase the manpower in this area, it will affect the output in other areas.
Especially silk.
Silk in the Western Regions, especially among the Hu merchants, was simply equivalent to gold.
In the same way, although Hu Shang did not like linen, linen was needed by almost all industries, especially the military, which used it more and could not be cut at will.
Therefore, at the moment, we can only start with machinery.
"Your great craftsmen... don't have any ideas?" Fei Qian put down the hand-operated reeling model and asked Huang Chengyan.
Huang Chengyan smiled bitterly and said: "Yes, there are some, but they are not very practical..."
"Tell me about it." Fei Qian said while looking at the other equipment.
Huang Chengyan said: "At the beginning, some people wanted to talk about using water power... As a result, there is a lot of mud here, and the bearings are often stuck in the mud... Lord, you know, this is different from those forged instruments..."
Fei Qian nodded silently.
Water-powered sawing and water-powered forging are not about sawing or forging all the time. The water wheel is put down only when it is used. On the one hand, the machine may not be able to sustain the stress continuously. On the other hand, whether it is a saw piece or iron material,
, are not continuous, and empty sawing and empty punching are very harmful.
The textile industry is different. The thread needs to be continuous. If it breaks, it means that a lot of things have to be done again, so once you start, you can't stop halfway...
"Later, some people said that wind power was used," Huang Chengyan sighed, "This wind power is not reliable compared to water power... Even if the wind power is strong or small, just the wind direction... Bellows, it is better to just use people...
...Later, some people wanted to use animal power... but it didn't work. Are mules and donkeys used for pulling mills? It doesn't matter whether they are light or heavy, but they are used for pulling threads..."
Huang Chengyan smiled bitterly and said: "So I went around in a big circle and came back again. I can only use human power..."
Fei Qian also fell silent.
Although he said that he had not seen it with his own eyes, Fei Qian heard what Huang Chengyan said and knew how many hopes and disappointments he had gone through in this process. If it weren't for Fei Qian's persistence and Huang Chengyan's responsibility for the scientific research expenses of the college entrance examination,
, how many times can an ordinary craftsman carry out such improvements in craft equipment?
Later generations of textiles used electricity, a stable, convenient and fast energy source to drive textile machines, with people working in three shifts without resting.
Before electricity, there was steam. The boiling point of water was roughly fixed, so it could naturally be effectively controlled...
But the problem is that Fei Qian currently has neither electricity nor a steam engine. Let’s not mention electricity. The steam engine is also something that can only be unlocked after materials science, metallurgical technology, manufacturing technology, etc. are all up to standard. It does not mean that there is coal.
, water and steel are automatically synthesized with one click of the mouse.
So, after going round and round and coming back, there is still no progress?
So what should we do? It is necessary to train more apprentices. It is difficult for apprentices to become apprentices every three to five years. Maybe some of them are hidden secrets by the master, but more are limited by their personal abilities.
, just like in later generations, there are a large number of factory workers who do not want to continue their education and development at all.
This is very troublesome.
Fei Qian frowned and thought.
When Fei Qian first started, he might have looked at this problem a little too easily.
This is inevitable after all. For Fei Qian, the memory of the big machinery factories in later generations is too profound. It will affect Fei Qian to some extent and cause him to form misunderstandings accidentally. Now he has to make amends and corrections...
…
Fei Qian looked back and forth at the various mechanical models on the table.
There must be something that can be improved. Fei Qian believed this, but he just couldn't find it out for a while.
Fei Qian closed his eyes and thought about the various fragments in his mind. Suddenly, a picture jumped out and then flashed by.
Fei Qian pursued, then turned back, and looked carefully at the hand-operated reel he picked up first. After looking over it for a long time, he suddenly caught the fragment that had flashed past before, "
This...if it were changed to...a pedal method...』
"Foot pedal?!" Huang Chengyan murmured and repeated at first, and then clapped his hands and said, "Foot pedal! Yes, pedal! Why didn't I think of it?! Pedal, haha, pedal!"
The disadvantage of hand-operated reeling is that it requires the cooperation of two people. One person draws the silk from the cocoon cauldron to the thread, and the other person manually turns the reeling so that the silk thread can be wrapped around the reeling.
If two people do not cooperate tacitly, whether it is too fast or too slow will cause problems with the thread.
Now if it is changed to a pedal, it is just a small change in the rotation mode of the reeling machine. Then the weaver can control the speed by himself. When the spinning is smooth, pedal faster, and when there are some problems, slow down, and his hands can be freed.
Come out specifically for splicing, which not only frees up your hands, but also doubles the labor force!
"Where are the people! Go and call the big workers! Haha! Pedal, pedal!" Huang Chengyan took the hand reel in Fei Qian's hand and rushed out of the showroom in a hurry, shouting in the corridor.
He greeted the craftsmen and immediately made improvements according to Fei Qian's ideas, even throwing Fei Qian aside.
Fei Qian was stunned for a while, and then he couldn't help but smile when he looked at Huang Chengyan and others who were fully engaged and even quarreled loudly over some issue.
This world is in the hands of such people, and with little improvements, it becomes stronger and better...
