"The people cannot be self-governed. If the people can be self-governed, what will the temple be?" Zheng Xuan frowned and waved his arm, emphasizing his tone, "The temple governs the people, builds roads and bridges, and opens canals and mines. All of them need to be dispatched. How can the people deal with themselves? If the people govern themselves, they must only be farming and weaving! How can the county be able to do so? Can the country be strong? Without the law of the temple, there is no good for the people!"
"The saying of Huang Lao is to take the people to do their own things and hope for great governance is a mistake! It is a big mistake!" Zheng Xuan said very seriously, "The people's actions are all out of their own selfishness! However, the great masters in the world will definitely harm small selfishness! If the great victory on the battlefield will inevitably lead to casualties. If the people are concerned about personal gain, they will fear casualties and do not advance, and they are afraid that their wife will not be raised, how can they win?"
"Why can the people do it for labor service, taxes, wars, etc.?" Zheng Xuan continued, "How can the people in ancient times compare to what they have gained in one day? Why? The court has its own disadvantages, but you should not give up the food because of choking! The Taoist law is natural, but the people's autonomy is not the principle of self-governance!"
Zheng Xuan spoke very seriously and seriously.
He was not angry or quibbling, but was really discussing with Sima Hui.
Because that's what he thinks.
In his early academic thoughts, Zheng Xuan believed that there was a god and also recognized the theory of the emperor. This can be seen in his annotation of the "Shangshu" before he came to Chang'an. Moreover, Zheng Xuan also believed that the five elements should have five materials, and then there were sun, moon, five stars, etc. Then, because of the political and political principles, the gods would be angry, and the gods would be angry, and the gods would be angry, and if they were not used, they would be against the people's hearts, and if they were against the people's hearts, they would be in trouble...
Obviously, this is a logic that seems to be smooth but not reasonable.
The mistakes of this logic can be pointed out by elementary school students in later generations, but for people in the Han Dynasty, it was very marketable, because this theory of the inflection of heaven and man has been used for three or four hundred years. Think about it, after only a few years, the academic sects in later generations have been entrenched in the top position of the academy, controlling the mouthpiece, colluding with others, openly making fakes and hyping each other, and then controlling the time for three or four hundred years, what should the children of Confucianism in the Han Dynasty look like?
This kind of heavenly and man in the Han Dynasty originally only promoted the divine authority of the king and deified the emperor. If the monarch's behavior conforms to the will of the gods, all kinds of good fortune and fu Rui will be brought down from heaven to show prosperity. On the contrary, if the monarch's faults, the monarch will bring down all kinds of disasters and wonders to show warnings. From this, it is further inferred that all people's life and death, noble and humbleness, wealth, misfortune and fortune are determined by destiny, so they should obey the destiny and obey feudal rule.
This is actually a bit back.
Liu Bang finally snatched power from the old nobles with "noble" bloodline, but his grandson had another celestial response, and then returned it step by step...
However, after Zheng Xuan arrived in Chang'an, due to the serious arguments and defenses, he began to re-examine some of his previous comments on scriptures, began to get rid of the original theory of induction of heaven and man, and gradually moved from idealism to materialism.
Zheng Xuan gradually began to emphasize the subjective and active role of people, indicating that as long as you act in an orderly manner and objective manner, you can get good results and no longer emphasize any auspicious things.
This change is due to the change in Zheng Xuan's political stance.
Zheng Xuan was originally inclined to be conservative and orthodox in his political position. He believed that the feudal system was reasonable, eternal and unchanging, and in line with the will of heaven. Therefore, he actively maintained the centralized system of feudal rule and opposed local separatist forces. Therefore, Zheng Xuan hated Yuan Shao very much at that time and did not like Cao Cao.
However, although Zheng Xuan also opposes local separatist forces, he also realizes that not all local separatist forces harm the people and are the root of troubled times...
Especially after Fei Qian achieved stability in Guanzhong, he did not attack Shandong in large quantities, but still expressed his compliance to the emperor. Although Zheng Xuan also understood that this was just a superficial compliance, it was enough to make Zheng Xuan feel very pleased.
Because Zheng Xuan fundamentally agreed with the Han Dynasty, he believed that as a minister, he must at least have one of the three virtues, loyalty, righteousness and courage, and must not be left out. If he is not completely gone, he is not qualified to be a minister at all. Therefore, in Zheng Xuan's overall theory of matters, although the prophecies and divinations have been removed, and no longer emphasizes gods and auspicious things, in terms of treating the relationship between the monarch and the subject, governing the people, Zheng Xuan still believes that it is necessary to strictly observe hierarchical order so that politics can be stable, good weather, and peace and prosperity can be achieved.
As for Sima Hui, he thought Fei Qian was doing very well now.
The political system recognized by Sima Hui is completely different from that of Zheng Xuan.
Simply put, Sima Hui believes that the court is too far away from the place, and the court’s responsibility is to only manage the officials in various places, but it should not formulate some useless policies to bind the hands and feet of various prefectures and counties.
And from a certain perspective, the courts in the Han Dynasty were indeed not very good...
"The temple... OK, since Mr. Zheng talks about the temple, then the temple..." Sima Hui stroked his beard and said, "In the past, Emperor Xiaoshu died, and Emperor Chong was in his infancy. What was the temple? What did the queen mother do? He asked the empress dowager to come to the court? What did the empress dowager do? He ordered Ji and the Taifu and the Taiwei to take charge of the Shangshu. Ji was in a high position and was in charge of the court, but he was very extravagant and violent. Later, Emperor Xiaochong died again, and Ji established the emperor. The emperor was young and intelligent, and knew that Ji was arrogant and arrogant. He once looked at Ji and spoke ill of his ministers. However, what did the ministers in the court do? Haha, let the domineering and the emperor died on the same day."
"Why did Emperor Xiaohuan ascend the throne and be close to the eunuchs and stay away from the Qingliu River? The lesson of Emperor Xiaozhi's previous car!" Sima Hui sneered, "If there were ministers in the court who were brave enough to serve and eliminate violence and surrender evil, how could the eunuchs cause disaster? He was domineering and cruel, but eunuchs could be eliminated, but the Qingliu River could not be done? After Emperor Xiaohuan, the court struggle became more and more intense, and each thought of his own desires, and it was difficult to have public intentions. What is the benefit of such a temple?"
Emperor Zhi of Han was still counting on court officials at the beginning. He publicly stated that he drew a clear line with Liang Ji and scolded Liang Ji in court. As a person who was rated as "few but smart", of course, it was impossible for him to be unclear about the consequences of falling in love with Liang Ji. Therefore, Emperor Zhi of Han was probably aware of the consequences but still did it.
This chapter is not finished yet, please click on the next page to continue reading the exciting content behind! So who gave Emperor Zhi of Han the courage?
It must not be Miss Liang, but of course it was the deceptive person behind this incident, the ministers who claimed to be clear and liu in the court.
This is like the later public officials who received national salary and enjoyed high treatment. After the curtain of his butt was opened, they turned from being called beasts to being called money. Emperor Zhi of Han once believed in these clean and high-ranking ministers in the court, but what did these people do for Emperor Zhi of Han in the end?
These people did nothing during the lifetime of Emperor Zhi of Han, and did nothing after their death.
After Emperor Zhi of Han passed away, he discussed the choice of the new emperor into two factions. One was Liang Ji who wanted to establish Liu Zhi, the Marquis of Liwu as the emperor, and the other was Li Gu, Hu Guang, Zhao Jie, the Great Honglu Du Qiao, etc., who wanted to establish Liu Lian, the King of Qinghe. As a result, Liang Ji only dismissed Li Gu, so he easily made Liu Zhi as the emperor. This was Emperor Huan of Han.
So later Emperor Huan of Han did not follow the route of a minister of Qingliu at all, just like the few rat shit public officials who later generations destroyed all the original good pot of porridge.
If the king and his subjects lose their trust, what other good use can be used in the temple?
Liu Zhi finally relied on eunuchs to launch a coup, kill Liang Ji, and eliminated his gangsters. Then, starting from Emperor Huan, he entered the era of eunuchs' rule.
There is no need to say more about the final consequences of eunuchs' rule, it is the current war...
Therefore, Sima Hui believes that a foolish court is not as good as non-existent. A powerful and intelligent local princes like Fei Qian can do better than a foolish court. The Three Auxiliary of Chang'an is a clear proof. The court, or the emperor, just be a mascot, don't command blindly. Just make good restrictions, just like the prime minister of each country, the prince is the name of the prince and the prime minister is the reality.
Of course, the system conceived by Sima Hui is also problematic...
'No! No!' Zheng Xuan shook his head and said, 'This is a fallacy. The chaos in the temple is a bad choice of ministers. If the cavalry is in the hall, it will be more than the three auxiliary servants in Guanzhong. If the temple is light, the place will be heavy. If it is long, it will be chaos, and it will be like the seven countries. At that time, the world will be a giant clan of the vassal state, and the laws and regulations will be confused. If the country is not a country, the world will be overthrown!'
"No, no!" Sima Hui also shook his head and said, "What I have discussed is the strategy of the queen. Once it is determined, there should be no war, and there will be no danger to the seven countries. What's more, even if there are giant clans in the vassal states, just like Lantian in Lian County, what are you afraid of?"
"It's wrong, it's wrong..."
『Wrong, wrong…』
The two old men argued from daytime to evening, and then the two stopped and drank water and ate silently. They were thinking about each other's words, thinking about their arguments, and then went to bed separately, washed up in the morning the next morning, and after using premature sausage, the two began a new round of arguments.
Perhaps neither side could directly determine the outcome of the dispute between the temple, so the two quickly extended to the debate on differences in other aspects.
For example, the law.
Zheng Xuan said that strict laws are needed, more detailed and complete, and no one can violate the law, even including the monarch. The monarch should take the lead in abide by the law, so that the law can be effectively implemented.
Sima Hui felt that the law should be implemented first, and that it should give people more opportunities for correction and establish moral standards in the countryside, which can solve most of the problems and reduce the legal pressure on local administration.
Zheng Xuan said that he would increase the publicity of the law and increase the number of officials in the law so that there would be broader justice.
Sima Hui said that too many officials will increase the burden on the people and reduce the propaganda of the law, because the law is the lowest bottom line, what is the glorious thing about the propaganda line all day long? So what is needed is to increase moral guidance so that the people can be improved.
Zheng Xuan said that the law is an important way to resolve conflicts between people. A good law can guide people to be more kind and afraid of doing evil; but Sima Hui felt that since conflicts are prone to conflicts between people, the root of the conflict should be directly resolved, and strengthening the law only treats the symptoms but not the root cause, will increasingly guide the people to see if there are loopholes in the law...
So the two had a fierce quarrel.
Zheng Xuan is somewhat biased towards the foolish loyalists.
In Zheng Xuan's concept, the minister must be loyal to the monarch, regardless of whether the monarch is good or bad.
Sima Hui is a relative faction.
Sima Hui’s concept is actually somewhat like that of later generations. The amount of salary the boss gives determines the loyalty.
In fact, Confucian concepts of monarch and ministers, especially during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, did not mean absolute loyalty and obedience, but emphasized that monarch and ministers have their own obligations and must respect each other. "The king and ministers use courtesy, and the ministers serve the king with loyalty." If the king does not respect the ministers, the ministers do not have to be loyal to the king. Although the monarch is noble, he must accept constraints. If the monarch's actions violate constraints, the ministers can also terminate the relationship between the monarch and the ministers and violate their own kings.
The subsequent Mencius and Xunzi were even more extreme, especially Mencius, who directly said that the king did not regard you as a human being, but treated him as an enemy. Xunzi also said that the king and his subjects had different responsibilities, and no matter who they were, they were very important and they had to fulfill their responsibilities.
Therefore, the Confucian scholars in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were not obedient. If the monarch violated his promise or did something evil, the Confucian scholars would scold him if they were lightly, and the more serious they would draw their swords to face each other.
As for completely obeying the monarch, that is the business of the Legalists.
Therefore, many people say that Dong Zhongshu is a literary thief. It is basically because of this matter, because he not only steals things, but also takes the legalist Yin and Yang family for himself, but also loses the original Confucian scholar's hard bones, leaving him with a thief spirit.
The Han Dynasty was the last glory of bloody Confucian scholars. After the Tang Dynasty, civil and military officials were basically separated, and there were some so-called "romantic talents" who held fans and sang in restaurants. When they were cowardly in the Song Dynasty, there were even some unconventional scholars who had no moral integrity and knelt down to the other side, and even pulled the Confucian scholars who "know the general and follow the trend" who knelt together.
This chapter is not over, please click on the next page to continue reading! Therefore, generally speaking, Zheng Xuan belonged to the concept of monarch and ministers after being influenced by Dong Zhongshu in the Han Dynasty, while Sima Hui still maintained the definition of loyalty in the early Han Dynasty, or the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
It was when Zheng Xuan and Sima Hui were arguing about the loyalty of the monarch and his subjects that Fei Qian came.
When the two were arguing on the first day, neither the Sima family nor the disciples of Zheng Xuan were too concerned. After all, academic debate is common. In Qinglong Temple, there was no argument that day. There was a blushing face and thick neck that could not be persuaded with words, and even physical persuasion was adopted.
However, as the two of them became more and more aggravated, it alarmed Fei Qian.
When Fei Qian arrived, it was already the next afternoon.
Zheng Xuan and Sima Hui seemed to have seen Fei Qian, but they seemed to have not seen him. The two old men quoted scriptures, refuted each other's arguments, and explained their own ideas...
"Can you record what the two officials said and said? Are there any omissions?" Fei Qian asked Guoyuan, "Where are drinking water? Are the food ready? Have the doctor prepared?"
Guoyuan had a subtle sweat on his head, "Most of today's theory has been recorded, but yesterday's theory has not been recorded...Food, drink, water, and there are all in the village, but the doctor...
Guoyuan was quite frightened.
But he was not afraid of facing Fei Qian.
As Zheng Xuan's disciple, Guoyuan did not expect things to turn into the current situation.
The differences in concepts between Zheng Xuan and Sima Hui are not only a word difference between ancient and modern texts, but more about specific matters of governance, including laws, systems, etc. During the previous serious theories, the two of them also had differences on which scriptures to choose, but the differences were not very obvious. After all, the important scriptures are those, which were passed down from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and have a context to be pursued.
But when the current correct solution is reached, the difference is naturally huge...
The words in the same scripture and different sentences have different understandings, not to mention that Zheng Xuan and Sima Hui can be said to be a disagreement between schools, and it can be even more touching the whole body.
At the beginning, Guoyuan only wanted to use Sima Hui's power to invite Zheng Xuan out of seclusion, but he did not expect that after he was invited, he fell into a more troublesome situation.
Zheng Xuan is old and weak, which is what everyone knows. Although there is Chang'an Hundred Clinic, Hundred Clinic cannot resist the erosion of time. Physical aging is irreversible, so Guoyuan is afraid that Zheng Xuan will have any problems in seclusion.
But now Guoyuan realized that there were even more problems after leaving the prison, because of such a high-intensity debate and a violent brain storm, let alone the elderly, even young people may not be able to persevere...
If so, Guoyuan dared not think about it, so he was very scared.
Looking at Guoyuan, Fei Qian was indeed a little angry.
Fei Qian took a breath, waved his hand, and asked Guoyuan to go to the hall to take charge of the records, so he didn't have to worry about other matters.
"Send someone to go to the Hundred Clinic to see if Dr. Hua is there and invite him to come. If Hua Tuo is not there, then let Dr. Zhang come first..." Fei Qian ordered while looking through Guoyuan's records.
This incident was indeed a bit beyond Fei Qian's expectations. However, after this, forcibly interrupting the two old men may not be a good thing.
Fei Qian's original idea was to debate bit by bit through the Qinglong Temple Great Treatise, and then determine who lost and who won and whose concept is more in line with social needs. However, Pang Shanmin, the spokesperson of Huang Lao, rushed back because of Pang Degong.
Pang Tong will leave quietly soon. Even if Pang Tong does not leave, as an important counselor under Fei Qian, Pang Tong is not suitable for participating in the game in person. This will make others think that Fei Qian is a platform, a referee and a player in Qinglong Temple...
So it is equivalent to the only Sima Hui left in the Huang-Lao School.
Perhaps it was because the candidate who could have come forward to protect Mr. Huang left, or perhaps it was because of the news about Mr. Pang Degong that made Sima Hui feel urgent, or perhaps it was for some other reason. Anyway, these two old people felt that long pain was better than short pain... Well, this is almost the same, so they naturally got together and started to fight in close contact.
Fei Qian quickly read the two people's arguments, then pulled out the remarks from the court and the local area, and said: "The discussions involving the emperor, the court and other things should be not expressed. The rest of the discussions will be copied and passed on to Ni Zhengping, Qinglong Temple, and asked him to preach them."
Ni Heng is a big speaker, with a concentric effect, so through him, he will quickly spread the content of the two people's arguments. In this way, those who are still referring to words in Qinglong Temple will be attracted, and then diverted, and eventually there will be greater and more debates...
"In addition, the number of soldiers in Qinglong Temple was increased," Fei Qian continued to instruct, "Strengthen the inspections in the three auxiliary areas of Chang'an... Also, let the bookstore prepare paper carvings first, and print them at any time..."
Fei Qian sighed slightly. If it were in the future, there would be at least some live broadcasts, but now it would be enough to make up for it.
What I worry most now is the bodies of the two old men, especially Zheng Xuan.
Qinglong Temple is a good explanation of the great theory. After a long accumulation, it finally reached the most brutal stage. I hope the two old people can hold on...