Sima Hui felt that the "true scriptures" of the five gods actually implemented one of Fei Qian's concepts, which was that only genuine scriptures were needed, not things fabricated by later generations in the name of their predecessors.
There is no problem in saying that the predecessors wrote the scriptures of the predecessors, and the descendants wrote the books of the descendants, but the descendants must involve the predecessors, and the scriptures of the predecessors serve as the standards or endorsements of the descendants.
Using this to prove that your new work is okay is actually a fundamental mistake.
The idea of China's progress should be as brilliant as newly blooming flowers every year, rather than being the same and old like ancient flowers.
The birth of the Ancient Classics was separated by a generation from the Modern Classics.
Moreover, Sima Hui now discovered that there are actually three batches, or three versions, of the Ancient Classics.
There may even be more versions out there...
That is, from Emperor Xiaowen to Emperor Xiaojing.
Why did Sima Hui think that the ancient scriptures were true before? It was mainly because one of the ancient scriptures was found in the Kong family's house, and the other one was Liu Yu. It is said that he had a stutter since he was a child, had a good voice, raised dogs and horses, and did not compete for the throne.
ability, there is no need to use ancient scriptures to gain credit...
What King Lu Gong obtained may be true, but there has been no subsequent movement on those books, and they have disappeared without a trace.
Sima Hui once felt that this matter was a pity, but now that he thinks about it, besides being a pity, it is a bit more suspicious.
After all, according to common sense, since the book was obtained by King Lu Gong from destroying Confucius' house, it seems that this book should not be presented again by the Kong Anguo family. The so-called family version of Kong Anguo and the Kongbi version of King Lu Gong are probably not
the same one.
Kong Anguo's Ancient Classics should be the second edition.
Kong Anguo's version is "from the past to the present", that is, it interprets the ancient text in the way of modern text. Therefore, although it is called ancient text in name, it may not actually be completely ancient text.
So in whose hands should the first edition be?
Sima Hui felt that it should be in the hands of Liu Xin. Liu Xin was the son of Huainan King Liu Xiang. Liu Xiang's father was Liu De, and Liu De was Liu Yu's elder brother. So if Liu Yu, King of Lu Gong, obtained the collection of books, then
As a guy who likes stooges and voluptuous beauties, it seems to be a reasonable inference to give out books to those among his brothers who like these scriptures.
Liu Xin was very dissatisfied that the doctors at that time only taught the Modern Classics and not the Ancient Classics. So he wrote to Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty, accusing the Modern Classics of being a newly compiled scripture after the Qin Dynasty's Xianshu, and it was incomplete compared with the ancient "Shangshu".
.Request to establish the ancient Chinese classics "Mao Shi", "Zuo Zhuan", "Li" and other ancient Chinese classics among the academic officials.
What a pity...
Liu Xin's Ancient Classics did not catch up with the good times, and the scriptures compiled by him may be true, but within a few years, Wang Mang took control of the real power. In order to facilitate the implementation of his own reforms, Wang Mang thought of "reforming the ancient scriptures".
So the "Ancient Classics", which had just established a foothold, was preparing to start a big fight and carry forward its own theory. However, due to the fall of Wang Mang and the rise of Liu Xiu, sudden changes occurred and all of them were wiped out.
In addition, Sima Hui discovered in the Dongguan collection that in fact, when the Han Dynasty became emperor, there was a man named Zhang who produced 102 chapters of "Shangshu" and presented it to the emperor. The emperor ordered people to find out the book from the warehouse.
Comparing the books presented by Kong Anguo, he found that the same chapter title had completely different contents. Therefore, at least when the Han Dynasty became emperor, there were already many versions of the Ancient Classics, and Kong Anguo's version, at least when the Han Dynasty became emperor,
Still in the royal family.
In fact, in history, it was not only the Han Dynasty where some people faked the names of ancient and modern texts to make trouble. Even in the later feudal dynasties, there were also a large number of people who faked the names of ancients and often said that they were written by so-and-so ancients. In fact?
…
The authenticity of this ancient and modern text has always been a complex among Chinese literati. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the imperial court wrote a special letter of credence and sent it to North Korea, asking North Korea to look for any ancient texts, that is, ancient texts before the Song Dynasty.
, if you have any, you must send it. Then Mr. Ouyang Xiu also wrote a poem, which said, "It is strictly prohibited to spread to China, and no one in the world knows the ancient texts. The ancient kings have great collections of barbarians, and the blue waves are vast and have no access." If you can
Anyone who can find out will definitely shed tears of gratitude. From this aspect, it also proves from a certain perspective that the entire East Asian cultural circle developed from the origin of China.
For thousands of years, China's traffic code has been the word "respect the ancients". For the traditional feudal dynasty, there is a self-evident truth. The older the era, the more authoritative and closer to the truth what is said.
On the one hand, this standard has brought benefits. The spirit of "respecting the ancients" has stimulated the vigorous development of Chinese history. It has also made Chinese people attach great importance to history and all dynasties, so that future generations can still read these thousand-year-old books.
On the other hand, this standard also brings disadvantages. A large part of these traditional scripture books are explained layer by layer, and at the same time they rely on the ancients' words layer by layer. They form "jing, zhuan, commentaries,
In the form of matryoshka dolls, one layer explains the next, and there is a clear arrangement of interpretation power between each layer. The explanation of the lower layer will never question or change the layer above.
"This...maybe this is what Qiaoqi really wants us to do..." Sima Hui stretched out his hand, perhaps originally wanting to pat Zheng Xuan's arm, but when he landed, he still patted him gently on the side of the bed, "Mr. Zheng
...Old guy, you need to get better soon... I don’t want to be the only one on stage to do this..."
"After all...this is also the road you have walked half way...ancient and modern, true and false, haha," Sima Hui sighed longly, "It's not as good as...a serious explanation...Now you have missed the scripture conferring ceremony,
But this is a serious explanation, you have to get better...you can’t miss it..."
……(￣o￣).zZ……
Hussar General's Mansion.
"Father..."
Fei Zhen ran up to the back hall, first made a pretentious bow, and then said eagerly, "Father, I want to go to the scripture conferment ceremony!"
Fei Qian curled his lips slightly. He had turned a blind eye to all kinds of celebrations in later generations. The scripture conferring ceremony really didn't arouse any curiosity in him.
But when she turned around and saw Fei Zhen's eyes, Fei Qian seemed to understand a little bit.
"Well, if you want to go see it, it's not impossible...I can have someone take you to the best place to see it..." Fei Qian smiled and put down the book in his hand, "But..."
Feizhen slumped her shoulders and sighed sadly, "I knew it... Come on, father, what is the topic this time?"
"Well, let me think about it..." Fei Qian pinched the beard on his chin, "By the way, since we want to observe etiquette, we might as well try to talk about the word "ritual"!"
"Etiquette?" Feizhen swallowed, "Father, are you serious? Such a big topic!"
Fei Qian let out a laugh, "Now that we know that "rituals" are not easy, it means that we have gained some truth, how about it? Well, you can also choose not to read it... If you do, of course you have to write it down..."
Although "ritual" is a core of traditional Chinese culture, it is not easy to use concise words or to define a clear scope of "ritual" because its connotation is so vast.
Too rich and difficult to contain.
The contents covered in "Rites", "Li" of Zhou and "Book of Rites" of Dai and Dadai include the establishment of the emperor's kingdom and the division of territories, as well as politics, law, culture and education, rituals, music, military punishment, taxes, servitude, finance, and crowns and mourning.
Sacrifice, clothing and meals, palace carriages and horses, agriculture, business, medicine, divination, astronomy, laws and calendars, etc., and even the craftsmanship of some utensils are included. It can be said that everything is included.
However, just like a long sword with a double edge, because it is too inclusive, it seems very complicated, and it can even be said that there is no core focus.
In fact, there is no core, and it doesn’t matter. Just like many subjects, we actually don’t know what the real core is. For example, in mathematics, is zero and one the core, or is it operations, applications, or geometric space, microscopic
Macro is the core? But subjects such as mathematics have a gradual process, starting from the initial understanding of numbers to advanced mathematics, from easy to difficult.
But this "ritual" seems to have never been prepared for people to learn from the beginning.
At any rate, there were some Nine Chapters on Arithmetic in the Han Dynasty, which told people that if they were interested in mathematics, they could start studying and researching these mathematical problems in daily life. There were no dedicated people to study how to teach mathematics, but it could be regarded as pointing out a direction.
, you can start to climb the peak of mathematics by starting with these problems around you every day.
But what about "rituals"?
Three rites?
Is he the heavyweight king in one move?
Is there a three of diamonds to explore the way first or something?
Sorry, even the annotated version of the Three Rites is a one-stop process from three to A.
This is not a road at all, but a threshold!
Because it is very simple, it has been decided from the beginning, the so-called "courtesy is not disrespectful to common people".
But the question is, is it really good to "not be courteous to common people"?
In the minds of these people, etiquette is common among nobles, while common people only have vulgarity. However, this noble "etiquette" and the so-called lowly "vulgarity" have nothing to do with Yangchun Baixue and lower Liba people? Ala is a city man.
, these country bumpkins?
Fei Qian continued to read with a smile, while Fei Zhen held her head in her hands with a frown on her face.
Feizhen felt that his head must be very big and heavy now, at least bigger than before. It would be very uncomfortable if he didn't hold his neck.
To go or not to go, that is a difficult question.
It’s fun to go and watch the fun, of course, but you also have to do your homework!
Where did your father learn to write strategies on how to play?!
Moreover, this policy is not easy to write, it is like a formidable enemy baring its teeth and claws!
If you don’t go, first of all, there will be no fun to see, and...
Feizhen suddenly thought of something, tilted her head, and looked at Fei Qian with some suspicion, "Father, you just said, "If you go to see it, you will naturally write it." It seems that you did not say, "If you don't go to see it, you don't need to write it."
…Isn’t this a trick on me?』
Fei Qian groaned, "Oh? You guessed it? So, it seems I will have to pay more attention in the future... How about it, have you decided?"
Feizhen sighed, "It's already like this, what else should we decide?"
Fei Qian laughed loudly, "This is the best of both worlds! You go to see the fun and be happy, and I get your advice and I am also happy. Isn't this a win-win? The best of both worlds!"
Feizhen shook her head, "No, this doesn't have the best of both worlds at all."
"Well, that's right." Fei Qian nodded, "But at least I gave you a better choice. Remember, except for your parents who will take care of you, no one else will give you anything good.
Or it’s not a very good choice, it will only give you bad choices, and there are even worse choices...』
Feizhen was silent for a while, nodded, then said goodbye and came out. She stood in the hall and thought for a while. Instead of turning to her backyard, she followed the pebble path through the bamboo forest and arrived at another small courtyard. Just entered
Someone shouted at the door, "Er Niang! I'm coming!"
Cai Yanxi Jing, she and Huang Yueying are almost in two completely different directions.
From time to time, there will be clanging and clanking in one courtyard, while the other courtyard is quiet all year round, with the faint sound of the piano at most.
"I heard it..." Cai Yan said slowly, "Why do you want to ask me for help again? Did your father leave homework for you?"
"Uh..." Feizhen was startled for a moment, "Well, I just came to see my sister...and my future brother..."
"Humph." Cai Yan put down the book in his hand, "You and your father are the same. You only come here when you have something to do... Tell me, what is it?"
Cai Yan is pregnant again. Under the stimulation of endocrine hormones, her temper is in a state of ups and downs.
"This..." Feizhen hesitated for a moment, but decided to confess, "I also want to ask Erniang, what is "ritual"?"
"You want to write "Li"? Hahaha..." Cai Yan laughed unkindly, "This is a big topic!"
Feizhen sat down angrily, folding her hands in front of her chest, "Who says it's not the case? I just wanted to go to the scripture conferring ceremony tomorrow, and then my father asked me to write a policy paper on this! This
Aren't you trying to embarrass me?"
Cai Yan rolled his eyes, "Oh, I understand. But it seems you don't understand yet."
"Ah, ah?" Feizhen's eyes widened, and after a moment she honestly cupped her hands and said, "Please give me some advice."
"You said you were going to see the scripture conferment ceremony, right?" Cai Yan said calmly, "Isn't it obvious? What your father asked you to write was not such a big gift, but
How to go from the secular to the ritual...or in other words, how to go from the ritual to the secular..."
"From secularity to etiquette? From etiquette to vulgarity?" Feizhen repeated.
Being polite is naturally customary.
So what is vulgar?
"Shuowen Jiezi" says: "Customs, habits." That is to say, the habits of life. People live in their own specific environment, and over time, they form their own customs.
The gap between etiquette and customs is not completely insurmountable. In the "Book of Rites and Kings", the customs of the four directions are also described as follows: "The people in the east are called barbarians, who are tattooed, and there are those who eat without fire."
The people in the south are called Barbarians, who live in caves with feathers, and there are people who eat without fire. The people in the west are called Rong, who have their skins peeled off, and there are people who don't eat grains. The people in the north are called Di, who live in caves with feathers, and there are people who don't eat grains."
"Therefore, those who eat without fire and without grains are called barbarians Rong Di..." Cai Yan said slowly, "This is a custom... Don't think that there are no people in China who eat without fire or grains."
Or... such as human sacrifice and human sacrifice... And for this topic, you have to start thinking about Xia, Shang and Zhou..."
"Xia, Shang and Zhou?" Fei Zhen swallowed again, "Er Niang, I just want to write a policy..."
"What?" Cai Yan smiled slightly, "Do you think it's better to be more casual or more serious?"
Feizhen let out a long sigh, feeling that everything was not going well today, and next time she would do some divination before going out.
Yes, Xia, Shang and Zhou also had customs.
The human sacrifice mentioned by Cai Yan just now is one aspect, and the other aspect is divination.
No matter how big or small, everything needs divination.
The custom of divination has appeared in the Longshan Culture period of China at the latest. From ancient times to the Yin and Shang Dynasties, from turtle bones to prophecies, after such a long time, it not only did not disappear, but became the Eastern Han Dynasty to prove its identity and obtain the power to govern.
It is an important tool. If Fei Qian hadn't cut off its source of infusion in Qinglong Temple's Great Treatise, it is impossible to say that it would have continued and become a tool for certain people or certain classes to deceive others and obtain benefits.
"Etiquette is a Zhou system." Cai Yan continued, "Before the Zhou Dynasty, it was rude. After the Zhou Dynasty, it was also rude. So why are there Zhou rites, and why are there no Zhou rites? These are enough for you to write a dozen
That's it... Okay, that's all I can teach you... By the way, take your sister outside to play, she makes me have a headache..."
Cai Yan doesn't have to worry about her daughter getting hurt if she goes to play with Fei Zhen. Anyway, there are a lot of old ladies and maids watching. It's just that children's natural instinct is to follow the older children, but they will listen to the older children but not
Listen to the adults.
Feizhen was helpless. He discovered that his father, mother, second mother, etc. were all the same. Anyway, he wanted to get benefits, which was fine, but he also had to work.
No, if he came to ask questions, he would have to pay the price of bringing the girl with him.
"Eh!"
Feizhen could only respond, then waited in the courtyard for a while, and then took the little guy to another courtyard.
No matter how noisy the little devils around her were, Feizhen was still thinking about the topic in her mind...
King Zhou conquered Zhou and established the Great Zhou Dynasty. However, the Zhou rites were not carried out by King Zhou alone, but by a core figure, Gongdan of Zhou.
Duke Zhou personally participated in the great struggle to conquer Zhou, and witnessed with his own eyes how powerful the Yin and Shang dynasty fell. As an outstanding politician, Zhou Gongdan was also thinking about what was behind this major historical event.
Isn't it destiny that plays a role in the dark? What should Zhou people do to achieve long-term peace and stability?
Thus, "ritual" was finally born.
Zhou Gongdan analyzed the political methods of the Yin and Shang kings, and came to the conclusion that the Yin and Shang Dynasties died due to "immorality". In view of this, Zhou Gong put forward a political program for the implementation of "virtuous government", and to ensure the implementation of "virtuous government"
, the first is to establish a new political system, and the second is to formulate a systematic set of behavioral norms. The combination of the two is the earliest "ritual".
This initial "Li" was later promoted by Confucius and developed by Xunzi, and gradually formed into a broad system, including not only political systems, but also moral standards and codes of conduct. "Li" is no longer just for governance.
The requirements of the scholar are also the requirements for the knowledgeable "gentleman", which has become a standard for nobles and ministers.
So to say……
"Oops! I understand!"
Feizhen clapped her hands and screamed excitedly, but the little girl next to her was startled, her eyes opened, her mouth curled up, and she burst into tears.
"Oops..." Feizhen was also startled, "Your loud voice is nothing like your mother... No, don't cry. Well, if you cry again, I won't play with you tomorrow."
