The autumn wind is gradually tightening, and the temperature is getting colder day by day.
Fei Qian also felt that there seemed to be a bit more chill in his heart.
Although in the feudal dynasty, one life, or even hundreds or even thousands of lives, was not a big deal in many cases, Fei Qian still felt uncomfortable.
Because Fei potential in future generations was once one of these numbers that could be ignored.
Even now that Fei Qian is in this position, he understands that certain things need to be viewed from a macro perspective, but he still can't forget that he was held back and averaged back then, so he was much better than other big Han people.
Some of it comes from experience at the bottom.
Fei Qian understands that the Chinese people's standards, or requirements, for officials are very low. Ordinary people don't even need officials to do anything. No matter how big a project they are, they only need officials to not arbitrarily charge fees or apportion.
If you work hard and do not waste money or people, you can be called a "good official".
Just like people like Kong Rong, they don't know how to deal with people's livelihood and government affairs, and they don't know how to maintain peace and security for the people. They just need to do nothing and not disturb the people, and they can already get praise from the people. Think about it.
, this is such a helpless but ridiculous thing...
But unfortunately, even with such low requirements, officials can repeatedly break through the bottom line.
And year by year, the bottom line is getting lower and lower.
Regarding the understanding of the Western Regions, there is not much difference between Fei Qian and Xun You Kanze.
There were indeed some problems in the Western Regions under Lu Bu's leadership.
Even because of these problems, some people have died, and even more people will die.
"Counsellor Zhiyin Supervisor Wang..." Fei Qian searched his mind for the recorded impression of Counselor Zhiyin Supervisor, but unfortunately, he could not recall anything.
"Arrange personnel first, and provide pensions to this person's family according to the general personnel who died in the line of duty..." Fei Qian said to Xun You, "The specific merits and demerits will be added after the Western Regions..."
Xun You cupped his hands and said: "Reporting to my lord, this person is from Shandong. His family was in decline. He moved to Hedong to study, and later went to Chang'an for reference... He has no family records in Sanfu Hedong. If... he has to send people to Shandong to find...
…』
Xun You is the chief steward, and he is more familiar with these people than Fei Qian. Moreover, even if Xun You cannot remember them, he can still check the files kept at the Shangshu Desk.
Fei Qian sighed slightly, "Then we have to send someone."
Xun You agreed.
When facing the waves of the times, everyone is like a small wave in the sea, rolling and disappearing without knowing when. Perhaps this Counselor Wang once longed to rely on his own efforts to change his own life.
Destiny, build a family, live happily, and then quietly dissipate with his hopes and dreams in the wind and sand of the Western Regions.
"Tell me, what should you do? Don't worry, just say whatever comes to mind." Fei Qian asked after seeing Xun You and Kan Ze thinking for a while.
Of course, Fei Qian did not ask Xun You or Kan Ze to lead soldiers to attack Lu Bu.
Military generals have their own battlefields, and civil servants also have their own battlefields.
Isn't there an old saying that if military generals are not afraid of death and civil servants are not corrupt, then the court will naturally be good.
Comparing death and corruption can also prove from the side that government administration is actually a major issue about life and death.
The issue of how to handle the administration of officials that Fei Qian raised was not completely unexplored by anyone in the past dynasties. In fact, China was the leader in many aspects, and it was the leader for thousands of years, and then it fell behind at a certain stage.
Already...
In the early Han Dynasty, China had already put forward further requirements for the assessment of officials. Even Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty stated that he was actually ruling the world together with the good ministers of Erqianshi, and formulated the "Shangzhi" and "Supervision"
and other systems.
At that time, the central government set up the prime minister to be in charge of the county and state affairs, and the prefecture and state set up the chief planners and the chief planners to be in charge of the local affairs. According to the "Book of Han", Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty Liu Xun once "challenged the prime minister, and the censor inquired about the county and state."
In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty divided the country into 13 prefectures, and each prefecture set up a governor who was responsible for supervising the compliance of orders by counties and states. The Han Dynasty officially
Establish a national supervision system.
The subsequent feudal dynasties also had more detailed rules for the assessment of officials...
So, does it mean that the emperor has no idea what his officials are doing?
In fact, it is not true, otherwise there would be no need for successive dynasties to repeatedly strengthen the requirements for official governance and improve the evaluation system for officials. Most of the time, as long as the emperor is more or less sensible and understands some things, then he will basically have no problem with the officials' obedience and disobedience.
It's all very hateful.
In fact, the fundamental problem of official administration lies in class interests and the bad nature of the feudal dynasty.
The emperor's basic interest is the world and the popular support of all people. As for the bureaucracy that assists the left emperor, they don't care what the world does, and the world is not their home...
So what should we do?
Fei Qian himself had some ideas, but he gave the question to Xun You and Kan Ze first.
Kan Ze was silent for a moment and said: "According to what I have seen, today's officials' questioning of matters is superficial. There is neither on-the-spot verification nor examination and comparison. Therefore, officials have no worries and mostly take chances. Therefore.
We should implement the method of examination, formulate a system, declare it clearly in the court, inform the people in the countryside, let the officials know their responsibilities, let the people know their system, and everyone above and below will self-assess and depose Zhi."
Kan Ze further elaborated, saying that the court should set up a special supervisory agency to be responsible for the evaluation of officials in various places, such as dividing the prefectures and counties, and being responsible for monitoring the administrative effectiveness of prefectures and counties. At the same time, he further clarified the requirements for officials to hold office, based on "morality, justice, purity and justice".
Prudence, public and private affairs, diligence, etc. are considered. On the one hand, we focus on the achievements of the officials while in office, and on the other hand, we must also consider the moral conduct of the officials.
And the assessment is divided into local assessment, that is, the preliminary examination, which can be presided over by the local governor or department head. It mainly assesses the merits and demerits of the year. The assessment director must announce the assessment results in public, publicly evaluate the merits, grade the performance, etc., and then conduct the assessment.
The results are reported to the court.
The court will also conduct re-examinations. The re-examinations are divided into fixed examinations and unscheduled examinations. The fixed examination is held once every three years and is combined with the above plan. The irregular examination is to send personnel to go deep into the local area to understand the actual situation and verify whether the local reports are correct.
true……
Fei Qian pondered for a moment and nodded slightly, but did not say yes or no, but looked at Xun You.
Xun You stroked his beard and seemed to be still thinking about something.
Fei Qian did not rush to urge, but waited quietly.
After a while, Xun You bowed his hands to Fei Qian as a courtesy, and then said: "I think that if the Lord wants to treat the disease before he is ill, he should be more important than the official before he takes office. In the early Han Dynasty, filial piety and honesty were regarded as talents, which led to exaggeration.
As the day progresses, there are many people who are not worthy of their reputation. This is the cause of the ills. Now the method of scientific examination by the Lord is to eliminate this cause and the ills will be eliminated. The current chaos in the Western Region is caused by the local responsibility, such as Xiaolian's
The disadvantages are that there are no committees and no responsibilities. The responsibilities are not determined and the duties are not clear. How can there be no reason for chaos? Therefore, I invite the lord, establish the official regulations, appoint the chiefs, control the awards, test merits and demerits, and evaluate the performance of the officials.
Evaluation will be given before, during and after the appointment to encourage the good and punish the mediocre."
Xun You said that after Fei Qian promoted the scientific examination and changed from "Renming" to "Renneng", it is necessary to strengthen the control of officials, and strengthen the management of officials from the front, middle and back aspects.
Before an official takes office, his character should be investigated and records should be kept for future reference. At the same time, before taking office, the local chief official should interview him, observe his words and deeds, and make corresponding records. If problems arise during the official's tenure, then the investigation
Individuals and local officials need to make corresponding inspections and bear certain punishments based on the offending official's guilt.
In the appointment of officials, those with outstanding political performance will be ranked first, those with poor performance will be ranked middle, and those who are slack in handling matters will be ranked lower. They will be given promotion, promotion, dismissal and other punishments respectively. This is somewhat similar to the previous assessment, but Xun You proposed
The biggest change during the term of office is that not all officials can serve for the full term. If there are major problems during the inspection during the term, they should be removed and their adjutants will temporarily take over. Subsequent performance will be recorded in the adjutant’s assessment. After the expiration of the term,
After that, the adjutant also faced the result of "promotion and exemption from third class".
Finally, Xun You elaborated that officials after taking office are equally important. Officials who serve in a local area cannot just walk away after taking office. A local chronicle system must be established, that is, what the officials have done in the local area will be recorded.
All achievements or consequences should be recorded. You should write about saving people, and you should also write about killing people. After all, the merits and demerits will be judged by future generations, and predecessors will not dare to go too far. After all, most people still want to be shameless.
.
As for a small number of people, just punish them directly. After all, as Fei Qian said before, focus on prevention first, but you will inevitably still get sick. If you get sick, just take medicine and have surgery according to the condition.
Fei Qian smiled and nodded.
In fact, the suggestions put forward by Kan Ze and Xun You also have their own personal characteristics.
Kan Ze mainly focused on inspection, while Xun You said that the most important thing was to serve. The plans proposed by the two people were based on their thinking on the administration of officials, and their suggested solutions were also operational.
After listening to the two people's suggestions, Fei Qian thought for a while, and then said: "At the time when Qiu was planning to make plans, he first revised the official administration in the name of verifying the plans, and first issued official documents to participate in the court of law... By the way,
Gongda, didn’t the Law Council just happen to lose its chief responsibility?』
Xun You understood Fei Qian's meaning almost immediately, "My lord, do you mean to practice official administration in the name of participating in the law?"
Fei Qian smiled and nodded, "The Chancellery issued an official document, asking officials from all over the country to state their suggestions... He is responsible for participating in the Law Academy to offer wine, participate in laws, etc., study the matter, formulate laws, improve standards, and select the best ones."
You can take the opportunity to take part in the legal proceedings until the expiration of the term..."
Fei Qian said slowly: "The first thing to do is to complete the official examination. Now we can focus on the states and counties, define their laws, clarify their standards, and formulate their methods, so that the officials know how to take the test, how good the test is, and how to grade and weigh it."
Administration. Preparation before the exam, record of the exam, and submission after the exam.』
Fei Qian had also dealt with administrative issues for a period of time before, but during that period most of them were based on the autumn harvest and autumn tax. The content of the assessment was mainly tax issues, or issues related to tax, such as people's livelihood and agriculture.
Mulberry water conservancy roads, etc. On the one hand, at that time, the tax issue was the most important and the main point of contradiction faced by Fei Qian. On the other hand, most of the official assessments in the Han Dynasty were also based on this matter, and the tax issue was implemented.
The assessment will basically not cause any unexpected backlash from local officials and gentry.
After all, even if it were not Fei Qian, could it be that someone else would not be taxed?
Therefore, the implementation of the official administration assessment at that time was actually not too difficult. Most people were wondering whether their own tax standards were too high, whether the number of other counties and townships was low, and whether they should have this standard or not.
It is about whether or not to take this assessment, and basically there is no big opinion.
But now it's different. It doesn't just refer to the autumn tax, but also to the usual conduct. Completing the taxation task of the court does not mean that you can do whatever you want in the place. Paying the money and food to the court does not mean that you can do whatever you want in the place.
The rest can be spent and drunk. This will naturally cause some people to feel uncomfortable, and may even feel that it violates their interests.
Just like the Western Region.
In the traditional concept of the Han Dynasty, local officials are the lords of the place. To break this concept, it does not mean that you can change the person in charge. What is more important is to change your mind and change this concept...
Therefore, the first step is to promote changes in the mindset of state and county officials.
And this change does not mean that they immediately make a 180-degree change, but that they push forward gently and slowly, so that they can't even feel it, as if they are going forward by themselves.
Same step.
Did Fei Qian immediately make high demands?
not at all.
On the surface, the prefects of each county are still the officials in charge. They now have one more job. They are responsible for the assessment of local officials. Of course, this is the same as their previous work, but the difference is that their assessment is no longer just
In order to take responsibility for myself, I also need to report it.
Clear requirements must be reported.
The key point is this "reporting".
How is it assessed, what is assessed, and what are the results.
These contents may not seem very important, but they are actually very crucial.
Xun You's eyes moved slightly, as if he thought of something...
Sure enough, Fei Qian went on to say, "Secondly, there should be dedicated personnel for assessment. So we used the Yushitai as a model to set up a Department of Examination, which is responsible for the assessment of officials. We have a director, a doctor, a foreigner, etc., who are dedicated to review the examination."
There was originally a Yushitai in the Han Dynasty, which was also responsible for the assessment of officials. However, the Yushitai was relatively more famous, so it was renamed the Kao Gongsi. The difference from the original Yushitai was that the Yushitai had the responsibility of impeachment.
Although there is also a Gongsi, it only has the authority to evaluate officials' performance and conduct. The other supervisory powers and the power to spy on rumors are in the Youwensi.
Neither Xun You nor Kan Ze were surprised by this arrangement.
After all, both of them have just said that the assessment of officials is very important. To strengthen management in this area, of course, a more efficient organization is needed. So is there any more effective method than dedicating dedicated personnel to full-time work?
Xun You asked Fei Qian for his opinion on the chief executive of Yu Kao Gong Department.
Fei Qian thought for a while and said that the magistrates of the surrounding counties of Chang'an Sanfu, who had excellent performance and were about to expire their term, would be selected and evaluated on the basis of merit.
Xun You also said that Fei Qian's decision was a wise one, and said that once the news is released, many people will be excited...
Feiqian smiled.
Xun You also smiled.
Kan Ze looked around, and then felt a little confused.
"Third," Fei Qian said about the third aspect, "What Gongda said about local chronicles is a good policy. There should be public review on assessment matters, and local chronicles should also be made public. Previously, it could only be done after the term of office has expired.
Assessment, the time limit will inevitably be lengthy, and adding years to local ambitions can make up for the shortcomings..."
Assessments are made public, as are local chronicles.
The matter of making assessments public existed in the early Han Dynasty.
There is a word in the Han Dynasty called "public review", which adopts the form of a meeting. The examiner asks various questions to the officials being evaluated, and the officials being evaluated must answer them in front of the audience. The examiner then combines the annual results submitted by the officials previously submitted.
Summarize reports and other relevant written materials, and determine the assessment levels.
Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, personally "summoned the county planners to inquire about their customs" and "publicly comment" on many occasions to evaluate the quality of the county officials' work. Emperor Guangwu took the lead in setting an example, and naturally the county governors and other local officials also followed suit.
It became a common practice during the Eastern Han Dynasty to evaluate subordinate officials in the same way and publicly evaluate officials.
Later, the Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty became lazy, and local officials became equally lazy.
Fei Qian has also said before that as an official, there will be evaluation after the term is completed. If the consecutive terms are not good, or major problems occur during a certain term, it will be like a posthumous title, and the official will be followed.
Comment, but China has a problem, that is, it is too friendly to bad people and too harsh to good people.
Of course, this was not the original intention of Master Confucius. His original intention was to persuade people to be good. In order to make more "bad people" become good, he said that as long as "the prodigal son returns, he will not be able to exchange for gold", but it was only "not exchanged for gold", and he did not say "
"Not guilty", but it has been distorted and exploited by some people.
So on the one hand, Fei Qian has not been in power for too long, and no official has ever been given an "evil posthumous title". On the other hand, many corrupt officials are also very cunning, and they will use some tricks, like
At the beginning of the year, he would silently embezzle money and use it for other purposes. At the end of the year, he would only spend two small sums of money to send a few farmers to repair water conservancy projects, and the whole city would know about it.
He first did bad things when he took office, and then did good things when his term was about to end. Then the people were inexplicably grateful and felt that they had influenced bad people and became good people. In order to make themselves more moved, they praised the official well, because this is the only thing
Only good officials can prove that their efforts over the years are effective and enjoyable...
Open local chronicles will avoid this problem to a certain extent.
For example, if it is written that water conservancy was repaired, it was repaired for one, two, or three years, and then it was not completed even after leaving office. What does that mean?
If it is not announced every year and is only recorded roughly, then in the end the official's resume may show that he paid attention to water conservancy and made meritorious repairs, but what about in reality?
Moreover, the local chronicles suggested by Xun You happen to be a point that Fei Qian values very much. It may also bring some new vitality and inject some new vitality into China's chaotic and cyclical bureaucratic structure...
