Chapter 2810 Ordinary farmers are happy to join the army and are busy with multiple planting and rotation farming
Guanzhong, right Fufeng.
Meiyang.
"Patriarch..." Another young man walked up to the patriarch timidly.
The old man is the patriarch of the Su family in Meiyang.
There was something that gave him a headache recently, especially when he saw "another" young man coming to him, "Are you going to be a soldier too?"
"Yes, yes..." The young man nodded repeatedly, with an expectant look in his eyes.
"I remember you only have two brothers in your family? Your father's legs and feet are not very convenient. If you join the army, your brothers will have to work on your family's land. Will you be able to handle it?" asked the patriarch.
The young man said a little cautiously: "I'm busy, I'm busy... My father said, if it doesn't work, just hire a laborer to help..."
Because of the existence of the Qinling labor camp, some laborers who have served for a long time and have performed well and are about to expire will be given the option of short-term work. On the one hand, these laborers can be exposed to the outside world in advance, and on the other hand, they can
Let these laborers know where they should go to earn money to support themselves after leaving the camp.
This method was very common in later generations.
This method and method may not all involve labor or criminals, but may also involve some normal occupations, such as college students, or the social practice of migrant households. In fact, the intention is similar, to allow these people to leave their familiar environment and move into a strange world.
There was a familiar process before, but during the actual implementation, due to various reasons, it was often not implemented.
The patriarch sighed. In the past two days, there have been no less than twenty young people who have come to him to apply for employment. Coupled with the young apprentices recruited by the Agricultural Society and the Engineering Society, the youth labor force in his village has been greatly reduced.
Thirty people, if this continues, let’s not talk about the current spring plowing problem, the subsequent impact of these labor shortages may be even greater...
Nowadays, the treatment of being a soldier is too good!
The patriarch thought a little depressed.
There is even settlement fee...
Five shi of millet can also be exchanged for corresponding money.
Not only the settling-in allowance, but also the military pay is paid out for the full term. You can keep it for yourself, or you can transfer the money under the hussar back to your home. If you have achieved meritorious service on the battlefield, you can use it for military purposes, and then use it for military service.
Coupled with the fact that the army provides all-inclusive food and clothing, it is no wonder that these young people want to join the army.
"Being a soldier requires hard work and your life is in danger. You have to think carefully..." the old patriarch reminded.
The young man obviously doesn't understand the meaning of death very well, or he knows it but doesn't care too much, "It's okay, what if it really happens... the pension will be given to my father, and my brother will get a wife..."
"Okay, I'll write you a note..." the patriarch said helplessly, shaking his head. Although he was not very willing for young people to become soldiers, now, this is indeed a good way, and he also
There is no reason to stop these young people from chasing their dreams.
……(o??▽??)o……
Fei Qian was currently in the Agricultural Society located in Youfufeng.
Originally this place was only used as a test field base for jujube, but later it expanded and occupied more and more land. Later, even the training of agricultural bachelors was placed here, and it became a place integrating academic research and practice.
Comprehensive emerging small towns.
After Fei Qian and Cao Cao reached an armistice agreement, Fei Qian clearly realized that such a short period of peace building between the two sides would not last long.
As time goes by, this short-lived peace agreement will become increasingly unstable. As the differences between Shandong and Shanxi become larger and larger, conflicts will naturally increase.
Such irreconcilable political differences and conflicts will eventually lead to war.
Both Shandong and Shanxi are accumulating strength, and then at some point, they will solve the problem violently, or solve the person who caused the problem. After all, this is a fine tradition of China. From ancient times, Yanhuang violently beat up Manyou.
Initially, the means to resolve differences include but are not limited to physically annihilating the opponent.
Even if we ignore the conflicts between Shandong and Shanxi, in the long run, no matter what political system or feudal dynasty, we must maintain a certain degree of military strength, otherwise the surrounding "good neighbors" will happily come to China.
Yuan Gou.
To support a sufficiently strong military force, a good economic foundation is needed.
As for why Feiqian can use less land and manpower to support more soldiers and carry out more commercial activities, most people in Shandong think it is the economic benefits brought by Feiqian's business.
But in fact, many Shandong people have been deceived by Fei Qian...
Many Shandong people think that Fei Qian is a mercantilist. In fact, Fei Qian is still a physiocrat in his heart, but he has evolved from a simple physiocrat to a physiocrat who emphasizes science and technology.
Every spring, Fei Qian would come to see Zao Zhi. Accompanied by Zao Zhi, he would check out the relevant improvements and developments in agriculture, and together they would discuss the next direction of agriculture.
Compared with later generations, the agriculture of the Han Dynasty was very rough.
Fei Qian knows this very well, but for Fei Qian, he knows that there is a big gap between modern agriculture and Han agriculture. At the same time, it is not difficult for Fei Qian to tell the determinants of the gap, which are nothing more than pesticides and chemical fertilizers.
, improved seeds, water conservancy, genetic modification, soil chemistry, etc...
That's right, that's all.
But it is not easy to change these "just" things.
In the current Han Dynasty, many agricultural things of later generations cannot be copied.
Without him, the conditions are too bad.
In the Han Dynasty, there were only two ways to "immediately" increase food production, one was farmland irrigation, and the other was to promote improved seeds. Basic organic fertilizers could only be supplementary, because fertilizer standards could not be unified, and the situation in different places varied.
They are all the same, so fertilizer is not a decisive and very important factor. As for the general-purpose phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers in later generations, don't even think about it. It is impossible for big men to do it now.
Fei Qian was also very glad that he had kidnapped a Zao Zhi as an assistant in agriculture, so that Fei Qian's sporadic agricultural knowledge could be localized through Zao Zhi.
Fei Qian was a person who grew up in the environment of great division of labor in later society. Under the system of great social division of labor, Fei Qian's agricultural knowledge, and even other aspects of knowledge, were actually somewhat one-sided and discontinuous.
If future generations of Fei Qian want to grow a few vegetables, they only need to buy seeds and plant them. At most, they can understand how to identify the quality of seeds and the precautions for planting. The rest, such as how seeds are produced,
Fei Qian doesn't need to know how many processes are required, and there is no need to know. However, in the Han Dynasty, without the assistance of Zao Zhi and others, Fei Qian would not be able to transform what he knew into real products.
productivity...
If the original agricultural system of the Han Dynasty is regarded as an ordinary iron chain, then Fei Qian’s knowledge of future generations is like golden beads. But the problem is that Fei Qian’s golden beads are all individual, which is incompatible with the original agricultural system of the Han Dynasty.
.
And the person who acts as a bridge in the middle and carries out the transformation is Zao Zhi.
Zao Zhi provided Fei Qian with military confidence, and the people who laid some foundation stones for Fei Qian's hussar throne were the Southern Huns.
In fact, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had already touched a bit of the peak form of the feudal dynasty that year, but unfortunately, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not insist on exploring or solidifying it, and he did not solve the problems that arose in time, so he quickly fell into disrepair.
It turned into two legs. Later, the feudal dynasty even chopped off the legs and nailed them to the manor. User registration and strict laws made the grassroots people forever able to make a living in a limited area.
Until death, one generation after another.
Although the Southern Huns also have the word Xiongnu, they can be said to be two completely different series from the Huns they met in the early days of the Han Dynasty. The Southern Huns, who prefer a stable life, chose to be close to the Han people, and the Han people originally gave
The attitude towards these Southern Huns is not good. On the one hand, they do not allow these Southern Huns to have more opportunities to integrate. On the other hand, they try to suppress and bully these people. They hire them but do not give them money or food...
Feiqian has now used various means to divide and absorb these southern Huns. Although these southern Huns are indeed not as useful as the Han people in farming, their abilities in animal husbandry are indeed remarkable, especially in raising pigs.
In terms of breeding, he gave Fei Qian a lot of help.
After all, the descendants of Fei Qian only know how to buy pork in wet markets and supermarkets. They don’t know how many vaccines and medicines a piglet needs to take from birth to slaughter in a modern pig farm, and what is the daily disinfection in the pig pen. What is needed?
How many medicines should be used, etc. Even if pigs are raised in later generations, if one person accidentally develops swine fever, a large number of them will die.
Therefore, with the help of the Southern Huns who are very skilled in animal husbandry, the large-scale, semi-free range and semi-pig farm model animal husbandry industry in Feiqian Shangjun and other places was established, and it was only then that these people in the northeastern area of the Sanfu River in Chang'an were able to
and military personnel, providing a high-fat, high-calorie food source.
Only when the right people do the right things can the entire team function properly.
As the person in charge of agriculture, Zao Zhi is undoubtedly the most suitable. Agriculture is not done by sitting in a temple and writing plans and writing articles. It relies on each agricultural technician to work step by step on the land, fish ponds and fruit trees.
Made of footprints.
For an agricultural technician, you have to live close to farmland.
The entire Agricultural Society is built with the latest blue bricks produced by the brick kiln, and the neat buildings exude a calm demeanor.
Among these buildings, the glass greenhouse is obviously the most conspicuous building. This was originally a product for Fei Qian who wanted to solve the problem of eating vegetables in winter. Now, because it can maintain a suitable temperature all year round, it has become an important tool for breeding and selection.
important places.
Water drawn from the Wei River flows along the canals between farmland.
Here not only grain crops such as crops are cultivated, but vegetables are also cultivated, as well as some economic plants, such as cotton.
There are relatively few fruit trees, which is not surprising. After all, the cultivation and selection of fruit trees has only been carried out in recent times.
In the farmland, there are dug fish ponds where carp and grass carp are raised. The scale is not large, but it is also a new beginning.
Even in the open space around the building of the Agricultural Society, there is no waste. Alfalfa is planted on both sides of the road, and grape trellises are built in the middle of the patio...
While introducing Fei Qian, Zao Zhi complained to Fei Qian that the labor force was too small. There were some highly repetitive and less technical jobs that were not suitable for bachelors of agriculture. After all, bachelors of agriculture needed more knowledge in agricultural technology.
Improve yourself instead of spending a lot of time in the agricultural society to master field weeding.
Regarding this issue, Fei Qian could only smile bitterly. After agreeing to Zao Zhi to send more laborers, he turned the conversation to Zhuang He.
Labor is always a scarce resource. The so-called surplus labor is just that there is no place to use this labor, or it is deliberately surplus.
Just like the so-called unemployment rate, capitalism deliberately turns a blind eye or even emphasizes it in order to ensure that there is cheap labor in the long term and to maintain the supply of human goods in excess of demand. Every capitalist is very happy to do so.
He yells at employees all the time, "If you don't work hard today, you will work hard to find a job tomorrow", "If you like to work hard, if you don't want to, get out, there are plenty of people who want to work"...
There is basically no surplus labor here in Feiqian, because everyone in Feiqian needs people, so there is even a shortage of labor, which has restricted the pace of rapid development.
This time Fei Qian came to see Zao Zhi mainly to see the development of legume crops and other farming techniques.
Soybean-crop rotation is not Fei Qian's initiative, but studying this rotation as a technology, and recording and developing it specifically is indeed a path that Fei Qian pointed out to Dahan Agriculture to increase the total yield per mu.
China is a traditional agricultural society, and farming technology is the core that maintains the development of the entire Chinese society. As early as ancient times, rotational farming technology had already appeared, but it was still very extensive at that time. After the arable land in an area was cultivated, in a short period of time
If the fertility of the interior cannot be restored, people will migrate as a family to reclaim farmland elsewhere.
The so-called reclamation at that time was to set fire to it, then use wooden sticks to dig a few holes, throw in the seeds, pour some water, or even not water, and it was done. This farming system was also called the abandonment system or the wasteland abandonment system.
Travel farming is a predatory agricultural management method. This farming model has a long cycle, usually twenty to thirty years or even longer, and has low land utilization and weak artificial land cultivation capabilities.
The later emergence of irrigation technology and the well field system, coupled with the greatly improved agricultural production tools, brought agricultural production into a new stage of tillage and hoeing during the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Iron tools and oxen tillage also made the Zhou Dynasty's "Shen-Xin-She" three The annual cycle and the rotating farming model of the "Tian Lai System" or "Easy Field System" in the Spring and Autumn Period can be realized and developed.
The development of agricultural technologies such as fertilization, irrigation, weeding, and insect control has greatly increased agricultural productivity. The output of grain has brought about an increase in population, and the increase in population has also placed higher requirements on the yield per mu. Therefore, by the Han Dynasty, " The "Tian Lai System" or "Transformation of Field System" gradually could not meet people's needs, and the shifting shortages eventually turned into true shifting cultivation.
If similar crops are planted continuously, on the one hand, the same crops will absorb the same types of nutrients every year, causing a certain one-sided consumption of nutrients in the soil, resulting in an imbalance of soil nutrients; on the other hand, Crops do not receive sufficient nutrients, which can easily lead to overgrown weeds and the spread of pests and diseases, ultimately leading to reduced crop yields.
Therefore, during the Western Han Dynasty, the Dai Tian method and the District Tian method became popular.
Although the district field method has the advantages of higher yield and is not only applicable to flat land and mature fields, but also to slopes and wasteland, it is conducive to expanding the scope of land use and increasing the grain yield per mu, etc., but because of this kind of farming The method has high technical requirements and consumes a lot of manpower and material resources. Therefore, after the Han Dynasty, the generation field method was still the main method, while the district field method was only used in small-scale experimental fields...
But now, Fei Qian asked Zao Zhi to use Ou Tianfa again.
The land of Zhuanghe in front of Fei Qian is using the district field method. In the acres of land in front of him, some buds of Zhuanghe have been exposed, and many agriculturists and laborers are busy in the fields. The fields of the district field method There are two types of layouts, trenching on demand and pit hole on demand. This time both are useful, and the manpower and material resources used are recorded, which will eventually be used as a criterion to measure whether to adopt and promote it.
In another piece of land in the distance, Fei Qian's suggestion was used to adopt the multiple cropping and rotation model. Yes, now we have to see whether the harvest is higher with the district field method or the new multiple cropping rotation. The pattern is better.
Single-crop rotation is a planting method in which different crops or multiple cropping combinations are planted sequentially between seasons or years on the same field, including rotation of a single crop between years and multiple crops in a year. Crop rotation farming method below.
Multiple cropping and rotational farming is a method of planting two or more crops on the same field in one year, rotating them according to the year. The advantage of this model is that Zhuanghe planting is more intensive, which increases the sowing area without increasing the area of acres. Especially for areas with many people and little land, such as areas like Sanfu in Guanzhong, it is of great significance.
This multiple cropping and rotational farming model was relatively mature during the Song Dynasty and was widely promoted by officials. Especially during the Southern Song Dynasty, it became an inevitable choice for almost all farmers.
Feiqian applied this model hundreds of years in advance to the present. In theory, it should be suitable for Dahan's current productivity level. After all, Feiqian has already developed a lot of pre-technologies related to agriculture, such as Deep plowing methods, green manure cultivation, plowing tools, etc.
It is precisely with these advanced agricultural technologies that we can have the current experimental conditions for the multiple cropping rotation system.
Otherwise, it is just a process of sifting soil and gravel, plowing the soil deeply, mixing fertilizers, etc. If there are no corresponding tools to support the reduction of labor intensity, and it is just done by manual labor, it will not last long, and it will not be conducive to promotion.
However, the actual performance of this multiple cropping rotation method still needs to be verified by practical results.
Fei Qian and Zao Zhi were walking slowly in the field, watching the fresh and tender seedlings sprouting from the soil in the fields. When they were feeling delighted, suddenly there was a noise in the farm far away.
The sound came, which made Fei Qian and others look sideways...
