Chapter 3285 Implementation and Trial Implementation
Chapter 3284 Implementation and Trial Implementation
On the Emei Mountains.
Fei Qian stood with his hands behind his back, while Xun Chen stood aside and humbly trailed half a step behind.
Far and near, the mountains are verdant and lush, like a beautiful picture of nature.
In later generations, most of this Emei Mountains have been deserted, with mostly yellow and few green.
At present, there are still many ferns on the Emei Mountains. These tall or low ferns occupy most of the area, making the entire Emei Mountains seem to be covered with a soft green carpet if viewed from the air.
.
However, these ferns that seem to be extremely prosperous at present have gradually degraded due to changes in temperature and human damage...
Just like Hangu Pass was a huge headache for the Six Kingdoms during the Warring States Period, but by the time of the Han Dynasty, it had been reduced to an ordinary city.
Depending on the time, place, and person, there will be different changes in different situations.
Plants will evolve, and those that do not evolve will perish. How long has it been since humans last evolved?
Fei Qian, who was imagining his thoughts, was interrupted by the message delivered by Zhang Xiu on horseback.
The events described by Zhang Xiu were indeed as Fei Qian expected.
Hedong and Hedong, and common people are not exactly the same.
After reading it and being silent for a while, Fei Qian handed the letter to Xun Chen.
Regarding the "ignorant" situation of the tenant farmers in the Yuncheng Basin of Hedong Province reported by Zhang Xiu in the letter, Xun Chen also frowned, pondered for a moment and then said, "My lord, I have heard that the sun is yang virtue, and the moon is yin spirit."
.The rise and fall have meanings, and the clouds and clearings have their passages. The reason for the mountains and rivers is the gushing of the rivers. The mountains have winding hills, high peaks, and jagged peaks, but they cannot cover the sun and moon.
Man, its edge is like a big river, but it cannot accommodate the stars. Today in Shandong, the sun is like when it rises and sets, and when the moon is full and waning, the river is too high to cover the sky, and the river is too deep to contain the four seas. These people are like shrubs in the mountains and rivers.
How can the fish and shrimps in the river know how the heaven, earth, sun, moon, and stars work, and how can they understand right and wrong?"
Fei Qian nodded slightly.
Xun Chen was indeed very smart, and he even guessed part of Fei Qian's thoughts.
The land east of Hedong can be divided into upper and lower parts along the Emei Mountains. The upper part is centered on Linfen and Pingyang, while the lower part is naturally focused on Anyi and Xie County.
The area around Linfen and Pingyang was basically given up in the later period of Emperor Ling, so much so that Ding Yuan, the governor of Bingzhou at the time, hurriedly ran back as soon as he heard that there was an opportunity from the central government. He did not want to return to Bingzhou at all. This shows that at that time, the east of the river was north of the river.
Distress and distress in the region.
The Yuncheng Basin in the south has always been under the control of the Han gentry and gentry.
This kind of control is very similar to the method used to control the people in Shandong.
After all, before Feiqian came to Fenpingyang to build a school, and before he built Qinglong Temple in Chang'an, the gentry and gentry in Hedong followed the footsteps of Shandong.
It is very difficult to change a person's habits, and it is extremely difficult to change the customs of a place.
Therefore, the customs of Shangxia Hedong are very different.
So what about the customs in Shandong and Shanxi?
Although Xun Chen's words do make some sense, they are actually more of a relief.
Fei Qian put his hands behind his hands, looked at the vast land at the foot of the Emei Mountains, and said in a deep voice: "No one in the world dared to disobey the hegemony of Qin in the past. However, its defeat was as unstoppable as a mountain collapse. The reason why Qin was defeated was because of
If the soldiers are not strong, the soldiers are not brave, the generals are not good, and the laws are not strict, this is because they have lost the hearts of the people and the hearts of the world."
"The word "people's heart" is often unclear. What is "people's heart"? At the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, the country was governed by law, focusing on agriculture and suppressing commerce, so that the people had no two aspirations. However, when looking at the world, some people said that the laws were too strict and the people could not survive.
Also, who can bear his fate? When Chen Wu shouted angrily, he responded to the hearts of the people in the world. What is the heart of the people? Whose heart do you mean?"
"Those who win the hearts of the people win the world, and those who lose the hearts of the people lose the world. Qin's defeat is unknown. But now that a chariot is overturned, what can we learn from it?"
When Xun Chen heard this, he couldn't help but think deeply. Of course, he would not say that the people's hearts are the hearts of ordinary people. After all, in the current era of the Han Dynasty, the vast majority of ordinary people are ignorant and do not even have names, let alone understand the so-called
political regulations,
After thinking for a long time, Xun Chen raised his hands and asked, "My lord, please enlighten me, what is the meaning of the word "people's hearts"?"
Talking about the people's hearts and talking about the people's hearts, but what is the real "people's hearts"?
To be honest, Xun Chen is also worried.
If Fei Qian fights against Cao Cao, then there is no problem at all, but if Fei Qian is "crazy" and wants to be like "Classmate Wang" and carry out land reform...
Feiqian cultivated land and granted acres of land to the people who cultivated it, but Feiqian was still the "big landowner" of this era.
To put it simply, it’s like the salary of a cleaner at Fatty’s Supermarket is six to seven thousand. The capitalists will only laugh at the stupid fat guy, and then yell at the employees, if you think it’s good, you can go, but if Fatty’s Supermarket wants other capitalists to join
Give the cleaner six to seven thousand...
If Fei Qian allocates his own or ownerless land to the common people who are working in the fields, then the noble landowners will not fart at all, at least not in public. But if all the landowners in the world are to allocate land to their tenant farmers
, then that’s haha.
Fei Qian smiled and said, "The people's heart is not the preciousness of gold and jade, nor the splendor of beauty. It is the foundation of the country and the cornerstone of the country. What the people want is what the king wants; what the people hate is what the king should avoid."
Xun Chen smiled helplessly. He was about to say something, but then he changed his mind and frowned again.
Fei Qian seemed to have said a lot of clichés, but if you think about it carefully, there is a lot of truth in it.
What is fundamental?
What are cornerstones?
What do people want and hate?
If the ruling class of a country does not know what the people want and hate, or if they want to force ordinary people to distort their hopes and anesthetize themselves, then even if they delete and block all information about Chen Sheng and Wu Guang
, and after all, the roar in the big swamp is unavoidable.
Fei Qian waved his hand, "The issue of people's hearts is a big one, let's just talk about people's opinions."
Xun Chen couldn't help but exhale and nodded repeatedly.
It’s okay to say these two words in a nutshell. If anyone really trembles inside, then who won’t shiver?
"The people's opinions are based on the people's opinions, but the people's opinions are not the people's opinions. Just like the rivers are in the four seas, they are unified and unified." Fei Qian said slowly, "However, the people's opinions in the Han Dynasty are mostly based on fallacies, and there are many people who only listen and believe.
There are few people who are prudent and clear-minded.』
This is not only true in the Han Dynasty, but even in many feudal dynasties. What is very interesting is that the more ordinary people are, the easier it is for them to sympathize with capital. This capital is not necessarily limited to future generations.
Capitalists can also be landowners, nobles, powerful, or aristocratic families who own a large amount of means of production and living.
"The theory of salt and iron is to compete with the people for profit. There is no distinction between right and wrong. Regardless of gains and losses, we can only give up if we avoid it." Fei Qian shook his head and said, "But if the Han Dynasty loses salt and iron, the people will benefit from it? Xiaoxiao
What was the price of salt when the country was fighting for salt and iron? How much is it now?"
Xun Chen could not answer.
In the Western Han Dynasty, the price of salt was relatively cheap. In some years during the Western Han Dynasty, the prices of salt and grain were even equal or similar. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty implemented the salt and iron system, the price of salt
It is indeed a larger increase than before, but after the salt and iron franchise was cancelled, the price of salt did not fall in response, but rose sharply.
There may be some inflationary factors involved, but if compared with grain, the price of salt in the early Han Dynasty went from one to one or one to two, to one to five in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and sometimes even
One to eight.
Therefore, it is obvious that the descendants of the gentry in the Han Dynasty led the people to criticize the government and abolished the state-owned salt and iron industry. However, the burden on the people did not lighten, but instead increased.
What Fei Qian said is indeed a typical problem in China.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was not the founder of state-owned enterprises.
After all, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, even the skin and meat business was state-run...
But the interesting phenomenon in China is that once there is a conflict between state-owned enterprises under the supervision of the court and private enterprises, public opinion will indiscriminately support private enterprises.
Even if this kind of conflict is a normal business competition or dispute, they still support private enterprises regardless of anything.
If you really want to think about it, the exploitation of ordinary people by these gentry and gentry among the people may be more serious. The rent-free tax exemption and disaster relief provided by the court are often appropriated and divided by local officials. And the local gentry is powerful.
How many people were free of original sin when they rose up? How many people did not get rich by trampling on legal norms and violating social morals?
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But here's the problem, public opinion is inherently inclined to these gentry and gentry.
Of course, there must be reasons why the gentry and gentry were secretly guiding public opinion, but more importantly, Dong Zhongshu equated the emperor with heaven.
That is to say, "Everyone is guilty, but I am the one to blame!"
The West gave all sins to God and Jesus, but in the East, this "God" is the Son of Heaven.
No matter what happens in the world, no matter what dissatisfaction the people have, the final blame belongs to the emperor, or to the court under the emperor. As for whether these issues really belong to the court or the emperor, most people
Wouldn't even think about it.
Of course, since the imperial power has the highest and greatest power in the world, it also needs to bear the greatest responsibility. Therefore, it was decided that the sentence "Everyone is guilty, but I am guilty" is correct. As the emperor, he must face all the problems of the people.
dissatisfied, to solve all the sufferings of the people.
But the problem is that these people foolishly classify the middle strata of the ruling class into their own chaotic and good camp, and they always regard the powerful nobles as their spiritual sustenance, praise and boast them, and have no regard for their interests.
I feel the same, just like the old tenant farmer who was deeply saddened by the loss of Mr. Wang...
This is not the first time Fei Qian has encountered something like this.
Before Cao Cao attacked Hedong, Fei Qian took Fei Zhen north to Yinshan Mountain, and encountered a group of people who blocked the carriage and horses to cry out for their master.
Fei Qian did not blame the people, but later punished the squire who encouraged the people to complain, and this was the only way to put an end to this drama of treating Fei Qian and the people as fools.
But such an incident also left a warning in Fei Qian's heart.
If Hedong is like this, what about Shandong?
An ordinary citizen, a tenant farmer who doesn't even have the means of production and living, is talking about the virtues of a squire?
Fei Qian believes that this is probably because the emperor is linked to God, just like the people always curse the thief God when they have no choice but to express their helplessness about their fate and vent their pain.
But for the current Han Dynasty, is a centralized dynasty really the enemy of the people?
For the common people of the Han Dynasty, was it better to have a strong centralized state or a Warring States period that was divided and divided into local governments?
History has made its choice, but the people are still in chaos.
It is true that in the centralized dynastic system, there are many policies that make the people dissatisfied and even deliberately exploit the people. But dissatisfaction does not mean that there will be a hostile relationship.
The main thing is the contradiction and unity of contradictions.
Fei Qian felt more and more that the knowledge imparted in the junior and senior studies of later generations was really a magical tool...
Human beings are social animals. They form societies with each other, divide labor and cooperate, and then create wealth. But since it is division of labor and cooperation, it must have a certain order, and order must be maintained by those in power, which inevitably forms power.
Then what organizational structure is used to control, control and supervise this power has become a different political system.
Therefore, specific issues need to be analyzed in detail.
If Fei Qian had said these words before he could occupy Guanzhong and make the theory of the four peoples, anyone would probably laugh, or even if he said nothing, they would be disdainful in their hearts.
After all, if you are not in your position, you will not seek your own government.
But now that the defeat of Cao Cao's army has been exposed, Cao Cao is just struggling to his death. Fei Qian's same words about the system of the country and the policy of governing the country will bring different feelings to Xun Chen. It feels that Fei Qian is far-sighted and takes one step forward.
Look at three steps!
"What your lord has said is true. The opinions of the people are mixed, and it is difficult to distinguish the good from the bad. There are also traitors lurking among the people, using the name of citizens to do personal things," Xun Chen said slowly, "I do have a plan, but
But my thinking is very shallow and I don’t know what is right or wrong.”
Fei Qian stretched out his hand and said, "It doesn't matter if you say it."
"Since my lord has spoken of the four peoples, and I have my humble opinion, how about adding the opinions of the four peoples?"
The thieves made a mistake. Scholars, farmers, industry and commerce were all confused together, and the classics and prophecies were in a state of confusion. The children of scholars were ignorant of agriculture and industry, and they talked nonsense. Ordinary people had no way of knowing what was going on, let alone why. Therefore, they often spoke lies without knowing what they were talking about. I think it’s okay
In the admonishment chamber, four seats for the people were added, such as the system of Xia and Zhou Dynasty, in order to restore it to its correctness and to match its name. It may also enable the people to understand the difference and know its affairs. Scholars can discuss their studies, farmers can discuss their farming, and workers can discuss their affairs.
By using their tools and discussing their market, they may be able to avoid deception, hypocrisy, and inferior power.”
When Fei Qian heard this, his heart skipped a beat and he immediately began to ponder.
The Xia and Zhou dynasties were two very important dynasties in ancient times.
One is the collection of a single aristocratic tribal system into a royal power system, and the other is the separation of the shaman and god, becoming a true royal power system.
It is said that the Xia Dynasty ended the "abdication" system praised by Confucian scholars, and then used it to criticize the cruelty and incompetence of the last king of the Xia Dynasty. However, in fact, the so-called "abdication" system was actually a competition for the "alpha wolf" among primitive tribes.
The defeated alpha wolf may not die on the spot, but the end may not be as wonderful as what the Confucian scholars described.
The reason why the word "Huaxia" is called Huaxia is not only the superficial meaning of the word "Huaxia", but also represents Hua, Xia, Huaxia and Zhuhua. The core of Zhuxia is "Xia", and this word is
In the Western Zhou Dynasty before the Spring and Autumn Period, the Zhou people had already used these two words to express their legitimacy and their sense of national unity consistent with the Xia Dynasty.
Just like the Qin and Han Dynasties must talk about the Zhou Dynasty, while the Ming and Qing Dynasties talk more about the Han and Tang Dynasties, the succession of royal power must have its legitimacy in order to be recognized by the world. If the throne is obtained through less bright methods such as usurpation, embezzlement, and murder,
, just a majority will be despised by the world, and it will be difficult to maintain a stable governance.
As the first dynasty recorded in Chinese history, the formation and development of the Xia Dynasty's political system had a profound impact on later generations. The political structure of the Xia Dynasty not only included the hereditary system, bureaucracy and legal system, but also reflected in the royal power and
On the balance of aristocratic power. Against this background, the political system of the Xia Dynasty can indeed see the prototype of an early parliamentary system, which is mainly reflected in the mutual constraints and balance between royal power and aristocratic power.
Qi, the founder of the Xia Dynasty, broke the traditional abdication system and established the hereditary system, which marked the beginning of the inheritance of royal power within the family. This system guaranteed the stability and continuity of the regime to a certain extent, and provided a foundation for future dynasties.
Provided an important reference. The Xia Dynasty established a relatively complete bureaucratic system, with clear division of labor and clear responsibilities among officials at all levels. This not only strengthened centralization, but also improved the efficiency of state management. The existence of the bureaucratic system enabled the Xia Dynasty to effectively
In order to manage state affairs and maintain social stability, the system of division of labor among officials can still be seen in later dynasties. It can be said that they all have the shadow of the Xia Dynasty.
An important feature of the Xia Dynasty's political system was the balance between royal power and aristocratic power. Although the royal power was the highest power, the nobility inherited their privileged status through the hereditary system and participated in the decision-making of national affairs, forming an effective control over the royal power.
restrictions.
This restriction later evolved into a struggle between the imperial power and the prime minister's power, and then into a power struggle between the imperial power and the cabinet...
On the whole, the progress of human society is the refinement of social division of labor and is determined by the depth of integration of society's overall resources. It is a process from extensive to refined.
Some people say that the essence of Chinese governance is "meetings"...
When Fei Qian lived in later generations, he once deeply hated meetings. But later he discovered that what he hated was not meetings themselves, but empty meetings, fake meetings, the kind of meetings that did not involve any practical matters. Instead, he wanted to
To gather the efforts of everyone and solve practical problems, a "meeting" is definitely indispensable. And to a certain extent, is this kind of "meeting" also a kind of "discussing politics" or "discussing affairs"?
So what Xun Chen said seems to be the development direction of a political system?
Fei Qian had already made up his mind and said, "As your friend said, we might give it a try. After regaining the land east of Hedong, we can set up a Jianyi branch in Anyi to try out its system."
Although Fei Qian didn't say it explicitly, it almost made it clear that Xun Chen was about to end his long-term residence in Pingyang as the general manager, and he could officially be released to become the chief official of a land. Otherwise, how could there be the so-called "trial production"?
Xun Chen couldn't help but prostrate himself to the ground, touching his head to the ground, "I must live up to my lord's trust!"
Fei Qian stepped forward and helped Xun Chen up. Just when he was about to say something, he suddenly saw soldiers rushing towards him in the distance, as if something was happening...
