Chapter 3284 Implementation and Trial
On Emei Ridge.
Fei Qian stood with his hands behind his back, and Xun Chen was half a step behind respectfully.
Between the distance, the mountains are green and green, as if they are a beautiful picture of nature.
In later generations, the Emei Ridge was mostly deserted, mostly yellow and sparse in green.
At present, there are many ferns on Emei Ridge, and these high or low ferns occupy most of the area, making the entire Emei Ridge look like a layer of green soft carpet if you look down from the air.
However, these ferns that seem extremely prosperous are gradually deteriorating after changing temperatures and being damaged by artificial damage...
Just like Hangu Pass was a pass that caused great headaches for the six kingdoms during the Warring States Period, but by the time of the Han Dynasty, it had become an ordinary city.
Different situations should change differently.
Plants will evolve, and those who do not evolve will die. How long has it been since humans last evolution?
Fei Qian, who was full of imagination, was interrupted by the letter delivered by Zhang Xiu Kuaima.
The matters described by Zhang Xiu were indeed as Fei Qian expected.
Hedong and Hedong, the people and the people are not exactly the same.
After reading it and being silent for a little, Fei Qian handed the letter to Xun Chen.
Regarding the situation of the tenant farmers in the Yuncheng Basin in Hedong reported in the letter that Zhang Xiu said in his letter that "nobleness" was the case, Xun Chen also frowned, pondered for a moment, and said, "Lord, I have heard that the sun is yang virtue, and the moon is yin spirit. The rise and fall are meaningful, and the clouds and clearness are in harmony. The reason why mountains and rivers are surging. The mountains are winding and lingering, and the cemetery is uneven, but they cannot cover the sun and the moon. The rivers have climbing and descending, and the case is bleak, and the fate is like a big river, but they cannot accommodate the stars. Now the land in Shandong is like the sun is full, and the moon is full, and the river is full, and the river is high and cannot cover the sky, and the river is deep and cannot accommodate the four seas. Such people are like shrubs of mountains and rivers, and fish and shrimps of rivers. How can the operation of the sun and the moon and the stars be clear? "
Fei Qian nodded slightly.
Xun Chen is indeed very smart. He even guessed part of Fei Qian's idea.
The land in Hedong can be divided into upper and lower lines from the Emei Ridge. The upper part is centered on Pingyang in Linfen, and the lower part is naturally focused on Jie County in Anyi.
In the Pingyang area of ​​Linfen, it basically gave up in the late period of Emperor Ling. So when the then Bingzhou governor Ding Yuan ran back in a hurry when he heard the central government had the opportunity, he didn't want to go back to Bingzhou at all, which shows the embarrassment and difficulties in the northeastern area of ​​Hebei at that time.
Compared with the Yuncheng Basin, which is in the south, it has always been under the control of the Han gentry.
This kind of control is extremely similar to the way it controls the people in Shandong.
After all, before Feiqian came to Pingyang, Linfen, and before Qinglong Temple was built in Chang'an, the gentry and gentry in Hedong were following the pace of Shandong.
It is very difficult to change a person's habits, but it is difficult to change the customs of a place.
Therefore, there are great differences in the customs of Hedong.
So what about the customs in Shandong and Shanxi?
Although Xun Chen's words do make some sense, they are actually more comforting.
Fei Qian held his hand and looked at the vast land under the slope of Emei Ridge, and said in a deep voice: "In the past, the domineering Qin, no one in the world dared not to obey. However, his defeat was like a mountain collapse and could not be stopped. The reason why Qin lost was not because of the lack of military force, the lack of brave soldiers, the lack of generals, and the lack of strict laws. It was because of losing the hearts of the people and the hearts of the world."
"The word "people's heart" is often misunderstood. What is the heart of the people? At the beginning of Qin, he ruled the country with law, emphasized agriculture and suppressed commerce, and made the people have no two ambitions. However, if he pushed the world, he said that the law was too strict and the people could not bear their fate. Who said that he could not bear their fate? Chen and Wu shouted angrily, responded to the hearts of the people in the world. What is the heart of the people? Who is the heart of the people?"
"Those who win the hearts of the people will win the world, and those who lose the hearts of the people will lose the world. The defeat of Qin did not know what it means. However, now there is a car that covers it, how can we learn from it?"
When Xun Chen heard this, he couldn't help but think. Of course, he would not say that the hearts of the people are the hearts of ordinary people. After all, in the Han Dynasty, most ordinary people are ignorant, and they don't even have names, let alone understand the so-called political laws and regulations.
After thinking for a long time, Xun Chen bowed and asked, "I would like to ask the lord for advice. How can I understand the word "people's heart"?"
Talking about the hearts of the people and telling the hearts of the people, but what is the real "hearts of the people"?
To be honest, Xun Chen also has concerns.
If Fei Qian fights against Cao Cao, then there is no problem at all, but if Fei Qian is "crazy", he will do something like "Student Wang" to do something about land reform...
Feiqian was granted land to the people who were granted land, but Feiqian was still the "big landlord" of this era.
Simply put, it is like a cleaner in a fat supermarket who has a salary of 6,000 or 7,000 yuan. The capitalist will only laugh at the silly fat man and then shout at the employees, "If you think it's good, just go, but if the fat supermarket wants other capitalists to give the cleaner 6,000 yuan to 7,000 yuan to...
Fei Qian will share his or her own land for the people who are farming, or the land without a boss, so the landlords of the gentry will not give up a single fart, at least they will not make it public. However, if all the landlords in the world will share land for their tenant farmers, then hehe.
Fei Qian smiled and said, "The heart of the people is not the preciousness of gold and jade, nor the splendor of the richness of the country. It is the foundation of the country and the foundation of the country. What the people look for and what the king wants; what the people hate and what the king avoids."
Xun Chen smiled helplessly. He was about to say something, but his thoughts changed and he frowned again.
Fei Qian seemed to be saying a bunch of clichés, but if you think about it carefully, it contains many truths.
What is the root?
What is the cornerstone?
What are the expectations and hates of the people?
If the ruling class of a country is not clear about what the people hope and hate, or if they are forced to let ordinary people distort their hopes and anesthetize themselves, then even if they delete all the information that blocked Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, they will inevitably roar in the big lake.
Fei Qian waved his hand, "The people's hearts are very important, so it's better to say that the people's discussions are over."
Xun Chen couldn't help but breathe and nodded repeatedly.
It would be fine to talk about these two words in a hurry. If anyone really talks in detail, then who doesn’t shiver?
"The people's hearts have opinions, but the people's hearts are not the people's hearts. It's just like the Sichuan people's hearts in the world, and the ones are the same as the people." Fei Qian said slowly, "However, the people's opinions in the Han Dynasty are mostly wrong, and there are many who listen to and believe in others, while there are few who value the Qing and Ming dynasty."
This is not only true in the Han Dynasty, but even in many feudal dynasties. And what is very interesting is that the more ordinary the people are, the easier it is to empathize with capital. This capital is not necessarily limited to later capitalists, but can also be landlords, gentry, powerful people, and aristocratic families with a large amount of production and living materials.
"The theory of salt and iron is to compete with the people for profit, regardless of right or wrong, regardless of gain or loss, only by avoiding it." Fei Qian shook his head and said, "However, the Han Dynasty loses salt and iron, will the people get the benefits? When Xiaowu was salt and iron, what was the price of salt? How much is now?"
Xun Chen couldn't answer.
During the Western Han Dynasty, salt prices were relatively cheap. In the Western Han Dynasty, in some years, the prices of salt and valley were even equal or similar. After Emperor Wu of Han implemented the salt and iron system, the price of salt did increase significantly compared to before, but after the abolition of the salt and iron franchise, the salt prices did not drop in response to the sound, but rose sharply.
There may be some inflation factors, but if it is compared with grain, the salt price in the early Han Dynasty changed from one to one or one to two, and in the Eastern Han Dynasty it changed from one to five, and sometimes even one to eight.
Therefore, it is obvious that the children of the gentry in the Han Dynasty were carrying the people to criticize the government and abolished the state-owned salt and iron camp, but the burden on the people was not reduced, but instead increased.
What Fei Qian said is indeed a typical problem in China.
Emperor Wu of Han was not the founder of a state-owned enterprise.
After all, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, even the flesh business was state-owned...
But an interesting phenomenon in China is that once a conflict occurs between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises under court supervision, social public opinion will support private enterprises indiscriminately.
Even if such conflicts are normal business competition or disputes, they will support private enterprises regardless of the situation.
If you really want to worry, the exploitation of ordinary people by these gentry and gentry among the people may be even more serious. The exemption of rent and tax, disaster relief and disaster relief in the court are often embezzled and divided by local officials and powerful people. When local gentry and powerful people rise, how many have no original sins? How many have they become stronger by trampling on legal norms and violating social morality?
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But the problem is here, but the civil opinion is inherently inclined to these gentry and gentry.
Of course, there must be reasons why the gentry and gentry secretly guided public opinion, but more importantly, Dong Zhongshu equated the emperor with the heaven.
In other words, "There is a crime in all directions, and the crime is in my hands!"
The West gave all sins to God and Jesus, and in the East, this "God" is the Son of Heaven.
No matter what happens in the world or what the people are not satisfied with, the final blame is the emperor, or the court cabinet under the emperor. As for whether these issues really belong to the court cabinet and the emperor, most people will not think about it.
Of course, since the imperial power has taken over the highest and greatest rights in the world, it also needs to bear the greatest responsibility, so it is determined that the saying "All directions are guilty, and the crime is in my hands" is correct. As the emperor, we must face all the dissatisfaction of the people and solve all the sufferings of the people.
But the problem is that these people are stupid enough to include the middle class of the ruling class in their own chaotic and kind camp, and often use the gentry and powerful people as their spiritual sustenance, praising and boasting about them, empathizing with their interests and gains and losses, just like the old tenant farmer, feeling extremely sad about Mr. Wang's losses...
This is not the first time that Fei Qian has encountered such a thing.
Before Cao Cao attacked Hedong, Fei Qian once took Fei Zhen north to Yinshan, and encountered a group of people who stopped carriages and horses and shouted for their masters.
Fei Qian did not blame the people, but then punished the gentry who encouraged the people to make trouble, which was considered to be a play of playing Fei Qian and the people as fools.
But such a thing also left a warning in Fei Qian's mind.
This is true in Hedong, so what is the case in Shandong?
An ordinary citizen, a tenant farmer who doesn’t even have production and living materials, is talking about the goodness of the gentry and powerful people?
Fei Qian believed that this was probably because the emperor had a hook with God, just like the people always cursing the thief of God when they were helpless, and it was a helplessness of their own destiny and a catharsis of pain.
But for the current Han Dynasty, a centralized dynasty is really the enemy of the people?
For the Han people, is it better to be a strong centralized country or a Warring States that collapses and tears the governments of various places to rule?
History has made a choice, but the people are still in chaos.
Indeed, in the centralized dynasty system, there are also many policies that make the people dissatisfied, or even intentionally exploit the people. But being dissatisfied does not mean that it will be a hostile relationship.
The main thing is contradiction and unity.
Fei Qian felt more and more that the knowledge taught in later generations of junior and senior high schools was really a magical tool...
Humans are social animals, forming a society with each other, dividing labor and cooperating, and then creating wealth. But since it is division of labor and cooperation, there must be a certain order, and the order must be maintained by those in power, which will inevitably form power. Then, the organizational structure of this power controls and supervises, becomes a different political system.
Therefore, we need to analyze specific issues.
If Fei Qian had not occupied Guanzhong and had made the theory of the Four People, Fei Qian would say these words, no matter who could, he would laugh, even if he didn't say anything, he would be disdainful in his heart.
After all, if you are not in your position, you will not do your own affairs.
Now that Cao's army has been defeated, Cao Cao is just struggling to death. Fei Qian also said these things about the family and country system and governance policy, but they will bring Xun Chen a different feeling. It feels that Fei Qian has a far-sighted vision and takes three steps at one step!
"The lord said very well, the people's arguments are mottled, and it is difficult to distinguish between good and bad. There are also traitors who sneak into the people and do private affairs in the name of citizens," Xun Chen said slowly, "I have a plan, but I think very little and don't know whether it's right or wrong."
Fei Qian reached out to signal, "But it's okay."
"The lord has the theory of the four people, and my unclear views, how about the discussions of the four people?" Xun Chen thought, and said, "Now, most people who do not understand right or wrong and do not know the reason are not stupid, but are mistaken by thieves. The scholars, farmers, industry and commerce are confused, and the prophecies and divinations of the classics are chaotic, and the children of scholars do not understand the agriculture and workers, and they also say something. Ordinary people have no way to know the truth, and they do not know the reason, so they often speak lies, and do not know the so-called. I think that the four people can be added to the House of Revelations, such as the Xia and Zhou system, to be correct and to conform to their names, or let the people understand the differences and truth, scholars discuss their studies, farmers discuss their farming, and workers discuss their utensils with their tools, and discuss their markets, which may avoid fraud and poor government power."
Fei Qian heard this, and his heart jumped and he suddenly pondered.
Xia and Zhou were two very important dynasties in the ancient regime.
One is to gather the single aristocratic tribal system into the royal system, and the other is to strip the witch gods and become the real royal system.
It is said that the Xia Dynasty ended the "abdication" system praised by Confucian scholars, and then used it to criticize the cruelty and incompetence of the last king of the Xia Dynasty. However, in fact, the so-called "abdication" system is actually the "head wolf" competition in the primitive tribe. The failed head wolf may not die on the spot, but the outcome may not be as wonderful as the Confucian scholars described.
The reason why the word "Huaxia" is called Huaxia not only the superficial meaning of the word "Huaxia", but also represents the core of Hua, Xia, Huaxia, Zhuhua, and Xiaxia. This word is that during the Western Zhou Dynasty before the Spring and Autumn Period, the people of Zhou used these two words to express their orthodoxy and the sense of national unity consistent with the Xia Dynasty.
Just as the Qin and Han dynasties inevitably talked about Zhou, while the Ming and Qing dynasties talked about Han and Tang dynasties, the inheritance of royal power must be orthodox in order to be recognized by the world. If the throne obtained through relatively unremarkable means such as usurpation, invasion, and murder, most of them will be despised by the world and will be difficult to stabilize the rule.
As the first dynasty recorded in Chinese history, the formation and development of its political system had a profound impact on later generations. The political structure of the Xia Dynasty not only included the hereditary system, bureaucratic system and legal system, but also reflected in the balance between royal power and aristocratic power. In this context, the political system of the Xia Dynasty can indeed be seen as the prototype of an early parliamentary system, mainly reflected in the mutual constraints and balance between royal power and aristocratic power.
Qi, the founder of the Xia Dynasty, broke the traditional abdication system and established the hereditary system, which marked the beginning of the inheritance of the royal power within the family. This system ensured the stability and continuity of the regime to a certain extent and provided an important reference for later dynasties. The Xia Dynasty established a relatively complete bureaucratic system, with officials at all levels clear division of labor and clear responsibilities. This not only strengthened centralization, but also improved the efficiency of state management. The existence of the bureaucratic system enabled the Xia Dynasty to effectively manage state affairs and maintain social stability. In later dynasties, the system of division of labor of officials can still be seen, and it can be said that there is a shadow of the Xia Dynasty.
An important feature of the Xia Dynasty political system was the balance between royal power and aristocratic power. Although royal power was the highest power, the nobles inherited their privileged status through the hereditary system and participated in the decision-making of state affairs, forming an effective constraint on royal power.
This restriction later evolved into a struggle between imperial power and ministerial power, and then into a power struggle between imperial power and the cabinet...
Overall, the progress of human society is the refinement of social division of labor and is determined by the depth of integration of the overall social resources. It is a process from extensive to fine.
Some people say that the essence of China's rule is "meeting meetings"...
When Fei Qian was in his later generations, he once hated the meeting, but later he found that what he hated was not the meeting itself, but the meeting that held empty meetings, fake meetings, and did not involve any practical matters. If you want to gather the efforts of everyone and solve practical problems, you will definitely be indispensable. And is this kind of "conference" a "conference" to a certain extent, also a "policy discussion" or "conference"?
So what Xun Chen said seems to be the development direction of a political system?
Fei Qian had decided to think about it and said, "If you say something, you may try it. After you restore the land of Hedong, you can set up a branch of the Anyi branch in Anyi to test the system."
Although Fei Qian did not say it clearly, it almost clearly stated that Xun Chen was about to end his long-term history of serving as the general manager in Pingyang, and he could officially become a landlord. Otherwise, how could the so-called "trial production" be said?
Xun Chen couldn't help but bow to the ground, touching the ground with his head, "I should live up to the lord's entrusted!"
Chapter completed!