After the fall of Bianliang, countless people from various states and counties in the Central Plains fled south. In addition to the middle and lower class people from poor backgrounds, there were also a large number of Central Plains gentry who were originally from well-off families.
These Central Plains gentry fled with their children and daughters to Nanyang, Xiangyang and even Ezhou, Jingzhou and other places. Once they lost the land they relied on for survival, even if they took a lot of money with them, they would soon be used up by the soaring prices after the war and riots.
The vast majority of people soon fell into trouble and even became refugees.
Unlike the Jianghuai, Jinghu and Jingxiang gentry who were hostile to the new policies implemented by Zhisi, the Central Plains gentry who fled south deeply felt the huge pain caused by the loss of their home and country.
Regardless of their high level of understanding, after they lost the land resources they relied on for their livelihood, they implemented a new policy on the system, restricting the gentry clans from exploiting the lower-class tenant farmers through controlling land, and depriving the local gentry clans of privately owned fields, forests and other resources.
A little secret schadenfreude.
Therefore, Jingxiang (Chushan) was not afraid to accept the gentry who fled south. This also provided the gentry who fled south with a life that was in trouble. It was not a good way out, but there was no better choice.
In these years, Jingxiang (Chushan) including ordnance supervision, coal and iron supervision, construction supervision and other industrial and manufacturing departments have accommodated tens of thousands of gentry with considerable cultural standards.
Young and Strong Work - Sometimes we have to admit that young and middle-aged people with a certain level of education, who are forced to make a living and recognize the reality, engage in work and construction. Not only are they faster at getting started, but their learning and even research abilities are better than those who are illiterate.
Lower class people.
The selection into the craftsmen's residence to practice craftsmanship, as well as the promotion and appointment of middle- and senior-level craftsmen in the craftsmanship prisons in recent years, are basically dominated by people from the Central Plains gentry.
Of course, Jingxiang (Chushan) has accumulated craftsmanship and other aspects over the years, and this group has also made contributions that cannot be ignored.
The formation of the Jingxiang (Chushan) manufacturing system may be said to be the source of some of Xu Huai's fantastic ideas and outstanding contributions from masters such as Zhuang Shouxin, Shen Lian, Zhuang Yong, and Yu Chengzhen, but there is no one that is large enough.
How can the team's contribution become so powerful in just a few years?
Engineers who were born as gentry in the Central Plains deeply felt the great sorrow of the loss of their homeland, and were filled with the desire to regain the Central Plains. They experienced the baptism of blood and killing, endured the hardships of hunger and cold, and the suffering of wives and children. They had a high sense of identification with Beijing and Xiangzhou.
It can even be said that they have been separated from the previous gentry class and become a completely new group.
The group of engineers also has a different status in Beijing and Xiangzhou than in the past.
In addition to the Ordnance Supervision, Coal and Railway Supervision, Construction Supervision, etc., which are independent departments under the transfer department, their weight is much more important than the traditional workers. Engineers and workers have more important say and authority.
Engineers and engineers also accounted for a large proportion in the selection of officials at the division, state and county levels.
This new group of engineers can now be said to be one of the cornerstones of Beijing and Xiangzhou.
In addition to Xu Huai's extraordinary military bravery and good judgment, he created many legendary achievements and established a core position that no one can hope for in the army. He not only repeatedly put forward creative and wonderful ideas in manufacturing, even Beijing
The entire manufacturing system of Xiang (Chushan) was also built by him.
Therefore, among the new group of engineers, Xu Huai still has the highest prestige.
Over the years, Jingxiang (Chushan) has been able to resist the enemies in the middle with a corner, and no one can ignore the huge role played by Gongzao.
After Xu Huai paid homage to the Cemetery of the Martyrs, he inspected the Yuhuangling Hot Rolling Workshop. Everyone did not simply look at the preliminary hot rolling process and the trial production of finished iron plates before turning around and leaving. Instead, they were very eager to learn more about the entire hot rolling process.
The whole process since the establishment of the mill, including the preliminary research on the hot rolling process, the improvement of large water turbines, the reconstruction of the Yuhuangling weir embankment, etc.
Considering the urgent needs of the military, the production company has high hopes for hot-rolled iron plates. In the past year, it has assembled dozens of middle- and senior-level engineers, all of whom are elites in various fields.
The person in charge, Xu Wenjing, was only in his thirties. He was from Yanshi, Luoyang. He came from a wealthy family. He had been familiar with the classics since he was a child. He was good at calligraphy, painting, music, and arithmetic.
After the fall of the Central Plains, Xu Wenjing and his family fled south and were trapped in Ezhou. His parents and young son died of hunger and disease. He and his wife and another pair of skinny children begged for food on the streets of Hanchuan to make a living. When they settled in Nancai County, Xu Wenjing and his wife first applied for the army.
He built a fortress and later worked in the Nancai Weaving Institute.
Xu Wenjing himself can be said to have no strength. He was originally recruited to be a repairman of looms and spinning wheels.
The manufacturing department established an independent weaving supervision department. Xu Wenjing, who proposed many improvements to weaving equipment, was transferred to Biyang to participate in the improvement of the large water-spinning spinning wheel - he
I have a very solid foundation in arithmetic. He worked at the Nancai Weaving Institute and painstakingly studied the structure of the weaving machine. His talent was quickly brought into full play. When he entered the craftsman's studio, Yu Chengzhen regarded him as his direct disciple and personally led the repairman.
Accustomed.
The principle of the hot rolling process is very simple, and even the technologies such as furnace flame flow smelting and processing are relatively mature. The difficulty lies in the new design of the large hydraulic turbine and a complete set of transmission components.
After the preliminary discussion, Yu Chengzhen recommended Xu Wenjing, who was still considered a newcomer in Beijing and Xiangzhou, to take on this important task.
Xu Huai had always been determined to break the shackles of rigid rules, so Xu Wenjing took office and assumed the important responsibility of being the director of the Yuhuangling Iron Works Workshop.
In less than a year, Xu Wenjing produced a half-thick hot-rolled iron plate trial product, and the results must be quite satisfactory.
This is mainly due to the craftsmanship accumulated by Jingxiang over the years. It seems to be far ahead of the current level, but there are not many substantial obstacles that are difficult to overcome for those with extraordinary talents.
In addition to leading dozens of engineers, hundreds of craftsmen, and troops to actually build the first water wheel hot rolling mill in Yuhuangling, Xu Wenjing also conducted many theoretical studies on water turbines when he participated in the improvement of water-rotated spinning wheels.
Recognize that there is a linear relationship between the impact force of water flow and water volume and water flow height, and recognize the problem of impeller inclination angle.
On the basis of these understandings, Xu Wenjing not only modified the weir embankment of Yuhuangling to form a three-foot-high vertical impact water flow, but also designed and built a special water inlet for the water turbine, and also adjusted the impeller inclination angle of the horizontal water wheel. Finally,
Only then can we provide enough power for hot rolling operations.
Traditional hydraulic equipment mostly uses vertical paddle wheels, and only part of the wheel plate is impacted by the water flow during operation.
Later, it was improved to a horizontal double water wheel structure. One water wheel is immersed in the water flow, which makes full use of the impact of the water flow. However, the fixed shaft drives the horizontal wheel drive transmission device placed above the water surface, and the overall structure still appears clumsy.
The water turbine improved by Xu Wenjing is similar to the propellers of later generations. An independent tilted impeller is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft and is driven by the impact of the water wheel. Although due to the tightness of the world, the rotating shaft needs to be equipped with additional water guide channels, but the shaft The hydraulic turbine can now be placed in a confined space to operate, and its efficiency has been greatly improved.
This may not show much advantage in hot rolling operations that require large power, but it provides a new miniaturized turbine model for other application scenarios.
Xu Huai was very happy to discuss technical details with the engineers. He stayed in Yuhuangling for a few days, mainly soaking in the ironwork workshop - Yu Chengzhen, Shen Lian and others also accompanied him, which was equivalent to a work session. A great discussion on craftsmanship.
The weight of a half-thick hot-rolled iron plate is equivalent to that of a three-inch thick hardwood of the same area. If used to protect war equipment, it is indeed too heavy.
However, the performance of hot-rolled iron plates is really superior.
Everyone still wants to focus on the hot rolling operation and the accuracy problems that are common in Beijing-Xiang instrument manufacturing. They all feel that the first step is to establish more stringent and precise weights and measures standards.
At that time, the arm span of the founding emperor Taizu was used as the standard for the length of five feet. Many standard rulers were made and provided to various road supervisors for verification. Conventionally Said it was enough.
However, for the instrument manufacturing in Beijing and Xiangyang at this time, it was no longer enough to use the standard measuring instruments issued by the imperial court, not to mention the rulers produced based on the official standards, and the deviations would be further amplified.
Xu Huai decided to have the craftsman Zhaishe make high-precision standard measuring instruments. However, the preparation of the measuring instruments was also directly responsible for the craftsman Zhaishe.
In addition to the initial prototype of hot-rolled iron plates, Jingxiang has recently made another achievement worthy of special mention, which is the preliminary firing of practical glazed products.
People have been making glazed glaze for thousands of years. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, craftsmen not only used the blowing method to make various glazed utensils, but also fired colorful glazed tiles, but they were all luxury playthings for the palace and wealthy families.
Beijing and Xiang are currently not only using the continuous furnace flame flow method on a large scale in smelting, but also benefiting greatly from the firing of porcelain. The most critical point is that it can provide a much higher melting and firing temperature than traditional smelting furnaces.
Glaze is made from sand and stone, but since its inception it has been known as the Seven Treasures of Buddhism and has become a plaything of wealthy people and even princes and nobles. The main reason is that it is too difficult to bake.
The continuous flame flow method can greatly reduce the difficulty of firing colored glaze, but the problem is that the traditional glaze refining formula mainly focuses on brilliant colors and thick gloss.
Glassware made with traditional recipes is cheap enough, but in daily life, it is easy to break, and the world has long been accustomed to using porcelain, so it will be difficult to promote it on a large scale in a short time.
Therefore, a colored glaze kiln was built in Huaiyuan. On the one hand, the small-scale firing of exquisite colored glaze wares continued to be profitable as luxury goods. On the other hand, he tried to replace it, added different auxiliary materials, and tried to make highly transparent colored glaze. Xu Huai hoped that cheap colored glaze could be used.
Used in house and windshield lamps as well as transparent utensils with a wider range of uses.
In addition to knowing clearly that river sand can be used as the main raw material, other auxiliary materials can only be tried little by little.
Therefore, it is only recently that the glaze kiln workshops have trial-produced light green colored glaze with higher transparency.
If he wanted that kind of pure and transparent glaze, Xu Huai had no idea about craftsmanship, let alone craftsmanship. He just relied on the world to explore for a long time and accumulate more experience and knowledge in smelting...
