The farming Zhu Yuanzhang talks about is not just taking a hoe and going to the farmland and it's over. After all, compared with later generations of emperors, Zhu Yuanzhang really knew how to farm.
Land preparation, composting, plowing, sowing, weeding, harvesting... Lao Zhu knew all about it.
Unlike in later generations, where you could just sow seeds, apply chemical fertilizers, spray pesticides, and wait for a good harvest, current farming is much more complicated. You must regularly remove insects and weeds, and always pay attention to the condition of the seedlings. If there is a lack of water, the crops will still grow.
It needs to be filled.
And for weeding and other things, you have to go out to work under the sun... Because only the midday sun exposure can quickly kill the weeds. Otherwise, the stubborn weeds will take root again and revive again as long as they still have a breath, except for being lonely.
.
If it rains while weeding, it will probably not work.
In addition to food, we also need to grow vegetables and miscellaneous grains... This aspect is even more troublesome. Not to mention other things, just all kinds of beans, red beans, mung beans, soybeans, kidney beans, broad beans. Early maturing and late maturing.
.There are dozens of different varieties.
In order to enrich the dining table and give the children at home more food to eat, seeds must be planted according to the season after plowing the fields.
Whatever you sow during the Qingming Festival and whatever you sow during the Grain Rain must be kept in perfect order. Only in this way can you reap something.
Therefore, farming in ancient times was not something you just had to do stupidly. You had to be familiar with the seasons, the calendar, and even some weather changes. Only by mastering these tips can you grow crops well.
Another thing is to be honest and willing to work, not afraid of getting dirty or tired.
If there is no chemical fertilizer, we have to find a way to fertilize.
Manure, rotten leaves, pond mud... dig these out, pile them together, and ferment and decompose them into usable farmyard manure.
What is very pitiful is that the hard-earned farmyard manure, a basket of 100 kilograms, is carried to the field, bent over with fatigue, and the nutrients it can provide are not as effective as a small handful of chemical fertilizer.
The hardships of farmers can be imagined.
In fact, when you really understand these things, you will naturally understand the reason for cherishing the people's power...because arbitrarily requisitioning people to serve will disrupt the farming season, which can lead to a reduction in production in the least, or no harvest in the worst.
Losing the harvest often means people will starve to death.
Therefore, for the people, you can stimulate their enthusiasm and let them build canals, dig trenches, and build reservoirs. This is no problem, and the people will be willing to work hard.
However, these must be done during the off-season, or the people must make their own arrangements so that they can go to work after taking care of their own farm chores. Otherwise, things will be counterproductive.
…
Unfortunately, Zhu Biao was only eight years old, and he was being carried by Lao Zhu, digging holes and scattering seeds, while Lao Zhu's instructions kept ringing in his ears.
Over and over again, keep asking, have you written it down?
Zhu Biao is going crazy. I am your son and bullying children is unjust!
After the little guy barely planted two rows of land, he sat down on the ground, panting heavily, with hot sweat on his forehead.
Zhu Yuanzhang felt distressed when he saw this, but more than anything, he was hesitant... This child is not in good health. When we were young, when we were less than six years old, we would go to work in the fields. We would be busy working all day long, and we would never feel tired.
This kid only did such a small amount of work, but he complained endlessly.
This is not possible!
"Zhu Biao, you are the eldest brother and you have to set an example for the brothers. From now on, when you have time, come to this area and learn to farm. Also, let your mother take you to raise silkworms, pick tea, and spin and weave.
Bu, there's nothing wrong with you learning something about everything. Don't think it's something girls do, doesn't Mr. Zhang still like to knit sweaters? We rely on silk and tea to make three achievements in the treasury and taxation, so we can't be careless."
Zhu Biao really cried. I want to change my father. I'm waiting online. I'm extremely urgent.
In Jinling, Zhu Yuanzhang used Zhang Ximeng's ideas to teach his son, but in Shandong, this set of ideas was used to cultivate talents.
"Xiang Zhang, I remember that a few years ago, you said that establishing education based on the people, talking about food and clothing as the basis, daily necessities as the principle... Now that I think about it, it's almost time to implement it, right?"
Liu Bowen said with a smile.
It is never easy for an idea to go from proposal to practice, from books to reality.
If you have any ideas, there must be supporting measures to implement them, otherwise it is just empty talk.
Take Confucianism as an example. They consider themselves scholar-bureaucrats and believe that reading is the only one who is inferior in everything. They believe that fame can only be found in books. Then they created a whole system of imperial examinations and schools, from official to academies.
Once you obtain the corresponding academic qualifications, you will be able to receive considerable treatment, truly realizing Yan Ruyu and the golden house, one-stop shopping.
Even if you are seventy or eighty years old, old and ugly, have weak kidneys and back pain, have night sweats in the middle of the night, and are poor... As long as you can pass the exam, you will immediately become a flower in the countryside, with countless people vying to cling to you.
This is not to say that it is right. The problem is that people’s logic has closed the loop from proposition to practice.
At the beginning, Zhang Ximeng concluded that food and clothing are the basis, and daily necessities are the way. He advocated the people-oriented proposition of loving the people...but how to implement it was still missing a crucial step.
Therefore, wanting to replace Confucianism is really not a matter of one or two sentences.
The current Fudan Academy is a crucial step.
"Mr. Bowen, we have indeed reached this point. However, we still need to think about how to set it up. In short, it cannot be like the Imperial College."
Of course Liu Bowen agreed. In the final analysis, the Imperial College only trains officials. Young talents from all over the country who are proficient in literature and meaning can enter the Imperial College after being recommended.
In the Imperial College, there are six halls of directness, cultivation, sincerity, justice, lofty ideals, and wide industry. Just by hearing the names, you can almost know what they are for.
The courses also mainly include the Four Books and Five Classics, as well as laws and regulations, books, numbers, "Yu Zhi Da Gao", etc.
The assessment method is to test the classics every month, with one section each for book meanings, and two sections for edicts, imperial edicts, lists, policy discussions, judgments, and internal medicine.
I studied more than 200 Chinese characters every day, using Erwang, Zhiyong, Ou, Yu, Yan and Liu's calligraphy as my method. In order to be able to write beautiful official style and meet the needs of official documents.
Although what Zhang Ximeng said has been introduced into the classroom in recent years, it is limited to what Zhang Ximeng said. You guys can understand it and you may use it during the exam... nothing more.
"Fudan Academy is not aimed at cultivating officials, but at cultivating talents for various industries. Therefore, the courses of classics and meanings must be reduced and compressed. Six subjects, namely agriculture, engineering, medicine, business, astronomy, and arithmetic, have been established to form an academic system.
It is tentatively scheduled for eight years. The first three years are basic courses and the last five years are professional courses. Students can advance to different colleges and study based on their interests and test scores. After completing their studies, they can enter all walks of life with their graduation certificates.
Serve the country.”
Zhang Ximeng said it very roughly, but in fact he couldn't explain it in detail... because the mathematics, physics and chemistry that Zhang Ximeng really wanted to do didn't even have a discipline system established yet.
He can only use the name of engineering to conduct some experiments and explain some principles, and then refine the theories to organize new schools of physics and chemistry. In addition, agricultural science is also a general classification, like fertilizers and improved seeds.
Soil improvement and salinization control can all be summed up. If separated, it will also involve water conservancy projects.
The most interesting thing is business. This is also a basket, and it even includes foreign language courses. Can you believe it?
Although the Municipal Shipping Department had been established long ago and was engaged in overseas trade, it was still impossible to establish a navigation department, introduce the situation of overseas barbarians, and encourage navigation and development.
This is not a matter of resistance. I really want to set up a school and establish a discipline. There are not even basic teaching materials. What is the subject studied, what is the direction, what are the methods... they are all blank.
Zhang Ximeng could only use the opportunity of running a school to select suitable talents, improve corresponding disciplines, and establish a new college when appropriate opportunities arise.
According to Zhang Ximeng's goal, within ten years, Fudan Academy will be turned into a comprehensive school with at least 20 majors, with a large scale and more than 10,000 students.
Not only the Ming Dynasty, but also the whole world, it is second to none and unparalleled.
Even such a rough framework is refreshing enough.
Agricultural science, medicine, engineering, commerce...these minor disciplines have entered the classroom in a grand manner and have become the main content of the school.
If you are too polite, what kind of dignity do you have for a scholar?
We were asked to come to Shandong to endure hardships, and they sent a bunch of warriors to ride on our heads.
Don't be embarrassed or shameless, we tolerate it.
But today, even the curriculum is so unfair to us.
Scholar, when will you stand up?
After going through untold hardships, the literati who arrived in Shandong felt like mourning their heirs.
What about the scriptures?
What about all the schools of thought?
What about poems and songs?
We only understand the subtle words and great meanings of the saints. It is really difficult for us to teach these things.
No, it just won’t!
"Trash, they are all trash! Today, if you still dare to cheat, you should be killed!" Liu Bowen was filled with murderous intent. He really wanted to take action.
But in the midst of the hustle and bustle, someone’s insight shines through.
Needless to say, this is Qian Yongren.
He believes that many subjects do not exist, such as business. Guan Zi has many management methods, Lv Shi Chun Qiu also has it, Confucius talks about benevolence and love for things, and Lao Tzu also says that goods that are not expensive are rare.
There were changpingcang in the past dynasties to adjust grain prices. In the Song Dynasty, there was a buying and selling system to facilitate the collection of commercial taxes. There was also a shipping department to deal with overseas. These contents have been available for a long time, but Confucian scholars turned a blind eye and were unwilling to really study them in depth.
Just summarize it.
Therefore, the fault lies with us scholars. We are ashamed of our ancestors and the world.
We should atone for our sins!
The fortress has always been breached from within, and Yong Ren, a shameless traitor who paid for it, completely tore off the faces of these scholars.
This group of people had no other choice but to seize the time, read through the classics, find the content, summarize it into a book, and prepare to teach students.
Because of his profound insights, Qian Yongren not only got a house in Confucius' mansion for working, but also had a person to serve him.
This man was very capable, and he easily found the books Qian Yongren needed.
"That's right. I'll give you a promotion later... By the way, I haven't asked you your full name yet. Where are you from?"
Facing the question, the man was silent for a moment and whispered: "The villain is from here, his name is Kong Xixue!"