The First Army Field Hospital outside Guiyang, Guizhou.
Dean Kong Renxin listened to the roaring gunfire from the direction of Guiyang.
Governor Su Xiong is leading the First Army and the Second Army to attack Guiyang City.
This was their last major battle.
After the capture of Guiyang, most of the Ming army's resistance in Guizhou was wiped out.
Their field hospitals do not need to move for long periods of time.
Migration had a great impact on the seriously injured, and many of the seriously injured who could survive died because of this reason.
Field hospitals have to move with the army.
Most patients in field hospitals have minor injuries, and their rapid recovery of combat effectiveness can effectively improve the strength of the army.
Seriously wounded people cannot be left there, as there is no way to treat them.
If they stay there, they are just waiting to die.
Kong Renxin looked at his subordinates and apprentices, who were busy anxiously, dealing with the wounded who were queuing up.
This is the open space in front of the field hospital, with a large shed set up to block sudden rains.
Being able to queue up here proves that there is nothing serious about your health.
Most of them are stab wounds and arrow wounds. They need a simple hemostatic bandage, clean the wound with penicillin, and apply external hemostatic black medicine.
The doctor prescribed a small bottle of allicin and asked them to take it orally.
These people can return to the army after being bandaged.
Unless an infection occurs, they will not come back to the hospital.
Kong Renxin never thought that one day he would become a fourth-grade official.
My ancestors were imperial doctors, but none of them were as prosperous as he is now.
The director of the field hospital is very good. He usually studies medical skills, manages the newspapers he manages, and exchanges medical skills with his colleagues.
After the war begins, the main task is to treat the wounded soldiers.
He listened to the superiors discussing that after this war, he could still be knighted.
"The war is about to end, don't embarrass me at the last moment.
Everyone works hard, especially the puddles around the hospital must be dealt with.
There must be no gaps in the mosquito nets used by patients.
If a patient is infected with malaria in the hospital again, I will definitely deal with it seriously.
Don’t think that because I don’t have artemisinin, I don’t care about the severity of malaria.
Suffering from this disease is very painful, and if you are a patient yourself, it will aggravate their condition."
Kong Renxin looked at these busy doctors.
Most people only care about how to treat patients, they don't care about preventing diseases.
In this humid and rainy area, malaria is not a disease that is paid much attention to.
This disease is already the most common disease in the military.
Mosquitoes in Guizhou are really hard to guard against, they are everywhere.
All mosquito nets are used, but they cannot resist mosquito bites.
They are also in the hospital and now have two major departments, the trauma department and the malaria department.
"Lao Kong, how is the situation here?
The siege is about to end, and a large number of wounded will arrive soon, can you hold on?"
Kong Renxin saw it was Li Zhengfeng, Zhu Shi of the First Army.
This is his direct superior, and Li Zhengfeng is in charge of the field hospital work.
"Master Li Zhu, why did you come out? Your malaria condition is very serious. Even if you take artemisinin, you have to stay in the ward for observation at any time."
Li Zhengfeng was wearing a hospital gown. He looked at Kong Renxin with a smile and said, "Being with you is no better than being with other doctors.
I didn't expect that a small mosquito could be so powerful.
It just so happened that I was sick this time and wanted to learn more about the situation in the field hospital.
If you have any requirements, please tell me as much as possible."
When Kong Renxin saw Li Zhengfeng's behavior, he knew he couldn't persuade him.
He directly answered the question Li Zhengfeng asked just now.
"Master Li Zhu, our hospital has limited capacity, and most minor injuries are handled by apprentices and nurses.
These tasks are mainly debridement and dressing change, and the most difficult technique is skin suturing.
With penicillin and allicin, primary care physicians can deal with these minor problems.
When you go to the hospital with minor injuries, the doctor simply treats you, prescribes some medicine and goes back.
Unless the wound is infected, these people do not need to be hospitalized.
Our hospital ward only accepts seriously injured and endangered patients.
Each doctor can take care of five seriously injured people, and two or three doctors can take care of one critically injured person.
If there are too many endangered wounded and doctors cannot take care of them, we can only choose to abandon the wounded with a low survival rate.
Of course, at this stage, some people also have privileges.
Our hospital generally will not voluntarily give up senior military officers and title holders.
These situations have not happened yet, but our hospital has already made plans.
Once the doctors cannot satisfy the huge number of wounded, we will immediately start hierarchical treatment."
When Li Zhengfeng heard what Kong Renxin said, he also expressed his understanding.
"You have done a good job, I hope you can do better."
Kong Renxin was a little happy when he heard Li Zhengfeng's praise.
Now in their army, they can effectively treat most of the wounded.
Some of the wounded were so helpless that they could only die, and there was no way to treat them.
Among the Qin army, the wounded could still find military doctors for treatment.
In the Ming army, one could only leave one's illness to fate.
Ordinary soldiers cannot afford to hire a doctor.
We want every soldier to enjoy more comprehensive treatment.
The number of doctors must be doubled at least ten times, which is simply unrealistic.
Only limited medical resources can be put to practical use, and priority should be given to rescuing the seriously injured.
These seriously injured people are the ones with the highest survival rate.
For the endangered wounded, it is basically a matter of fate. If the fate is good, the patient will survive.
Li Zhengfeng made his request.
"Dean Kong, when the war was going on, I was too busy.
I don't even have time to visit the field hospital.
How long will it take for you to apply for funds to improve the facilities of field hospitals and research funds for new medical techniques?
I just took this opportunity to take a look at the results.
Please take me to see various parts of the ward to understand the situation in the hospital."
When Kong Renxin heard this request, his face was a little tangled.
"Master Li Zhu, it's a little difficult for me to fulfill your request.
The front of our hospital is full of lightly wounded people, and they are all being treated outside the tents. You have all seen this.
There is only the inpatient area left, which you have not seen. It is full of seriously injured and endangered patients.
During their treatment, they are most afraid of being disturbed."
Li Zhengfeng does not know medical skills, but he is willing to follow the advice of professionals.
"Dean Kong, I will just look outside and will never enter the ward.
Knowing the treatment status of these people will help me arrange for the wounded in the future."
When Kong Renxin heard what Li Zhengfeng had said, she knew she couldn't refuse.
Kong Renxin took Li Zhengfeng to the ward area.
On the way, Kong Renxin asked: "Master Li Zhu, I heard some officers say that our war is about to end."
Li Zhengfeng smiled and said: "That's true, Commander Su Hu on the northern front has captured Shaanxi.
The white-pole soldiers on the eastern front had surrendered, and at a time when the Yangtze River was flooded, Chen Hongfan could not escape by boat.
We captured nearly 80,000 people from Chen Hongfan's troops, but he fled in a hurry with only more than 10,000 Ming troops.
Hou Xun will definitely not be able to hold on alone, and will soon retreat.
We have already captured Yunnan here, and after capturing Guiyang, it is only a matter of time before we capture Guizhou.
His Highness the King of Qin has already stated that after taking Guizhou, the war here will stop.
Our army will not attack Guangxi further south."
Kong Renxin and Li Zhengfeng were preparing to enter the ward area.
They put on white coats and put on their shoes with hemp shoe covers.
The whole body was sprayed with medical alcohol.
Kong Renxin was afraid that Li Zhengfeng wouldn't understand, so he explained: "Master Li Zhu, this is the hospital's disinfection procedure.
Everyone who wants to enter the ward needs to follow this set of procedures.
I am afraid that the bacteria carried by the body will contaminate the environment in the ward and cause infection to the wounded."
Li Zhengfeng smiled and said, "I understand this too.
I have also seen the gooseneck bottle experiment and know the existence of bacteria."
They were walking in the corridor, with wards on both sides.
The ward has a wooden door with glass windows.
The weather is hot now, so the wooden doors are open and covered with mosquito nets.
In the corridor, you can see the scene in the ward.
Li Zhengfeng looked at the ward next to him. There were five beds in each room.
Kong Renxin introduced: "Master Li Zhu, this is the ward for the seriously injured.
They are managed by specialized doctors and nurses and live in sterile wards.
Most of these patients are patients with injured limbs and amputations.
There are penicillin and allicin, and our hospital adheres to a sterile environment.
Medical alcohol will be used to disinfect the room twice a day to ensure a sterile environment in the ward.
In most cases, outsiders are not allowed to visit the ward to ensure the cleanliness of the ward.
If there is severe bleeding due to amputation, most people's lives can be saved thanks to the magical blood transfusion skills developed by many of our military doctors."
They continued to walk forward, and Li Zhengfeng saw the ward in front of him, where several doctors were rescuing a patient.
He saw a patient whose head suddenly tilted. The doctor shook his head after rescuing the patient.
He covered the patient's head with the white sheet he was wearing.
Kong Renxin said: “Most of the endangered wounded here were hit in the torso by muskets, bows and arrows.
They were not dead at that time and entered the countdown to death.
We have only one way to treat these critically injured patients, which is to perform surgery by opening the chest and abdomen.
This kind of treatment was completely unimaginable before.
But after the attempts of our military doctors, as long as the body is disemboweled.
Use penicillin to cleanse the abdominal or chest cavity, and the patient has a chance of survival.
If the injury affects major organs, the patient will die at that time.
Being able to reach the hospital alive proves that they did not damage any fatal organs.
Just like an amputation operation, we take out the damaged parts of the chest and abdomen.
A lot of the funding I requested was for the study of surgery.
The promoters of surgical technology are mainly us military doctors.
I feel that surgery has great potential.
This technology is not yet mature yet, but it can pull many people out of hell.
Most of the causes of death are postoperative infection and excessive blood loss.
Allicin and penicillin are not panacea, and they cannot treat serious infections.
Our blood transfusion technology is also not very good, and the mortality rate is too high.
But these techniques can all be improved, and we have now found a new way to treat disease.
Surgical treatment will definitely become an important skill for doctors in the future."
After visiting the ward, they walked out quietly without disturbing any patients or doctors.
Li Zhengfeng said with emotion: "Surgery, this should be a new medical content. Can you introduce to me the situation of surgery?"
When Kong Renxin heard this question, he was happy and said eloquently: "The origin of surgery is amputation.
Especially after the emergence of these two antibiotics, allicin and penicillin.
The mortality rate from amputation surgery has dropped to about ten percent.
This is already an extremely low mortality rate. In previous amputation surgeries, the mortality rate was as high as 60 to 70 percent.
Allicin and penicillin, these two miracle drugs, have reduced the mortality rate of amputation surgery to a level acceptable to the people."
Li Zhengfeng listened to Kong Renxin's words. He knew that these two medicines were very valuable.
Their army has no limit on gunpowder, and the muskets can be scrapped if their accuracy drops.
Only allicin and penicillin are used in limited quantities.
The quantity of allicin and penicillin distributed each time is fixed. If there are too many casualties, the medicine will not be enough.
Whichever unit suffers too many casualties will be reprimanded by them.
Fortunately, their First Army suffered few casualties in this battle.
The Ming army's will to resist was very weak. As long as they broke through the city wall, most of the Ming army would surrender.
The hospital also reserves a large amount of allicin and penicillin for use in large-scale wars to rescue the wounded.
Kong Renxin continued: "We military doctors have mastered surgical operations and have seen soldiers injured in the chest and abdomen.
They did not die at that time, but they could only lie in the hospital and wait to die.
There are some military doctors who refuse to admit defeat, like me.
With the mentality of treating a dead horse as a living horse, we opened the chest and abdomen of the wounded and treated them.
In order to strengthen the connection between military doctors in various armies, I also used funds to run a newspaper called "Medicine".
This newspaper published many cases from various military field hospitals in the newspaper.
For example, we are good at malaria treatment, and the Third Army is good at amputation surgery.
This newspaper is distributed to the entire military and accepts submissions from all military doctors.
Driven by this newspaper, many military doctors shared their cases.
The technology of military doctors has also been greatly improved.
Eventually the Ministry of Health and the Academy of Sciences also joined in.
Only then did surgical procedures gradually become standardized.
The standards for blood transfusion surgery are set by experts from the Academy of Sciences."
Li Zhengfeng gave a thumbs up and praised: "You are really amazing, you can create a new medicine from scratch.
He saved so many soldiers."
Li Zhengfeng then discussed the prevention and treatment of malaria with Kong Renxin.
Nowadays, there are too many people with malaria in the army. Even if there are specific drugs, soldiers with malaria will not be able to fight, which will seriously affect the combat effectiveness of the army.
Kong Renxin suggested: “We cannot rely solely on our army to eliminate mosquitoes.
The puddles near our army are filled, and mosquitoes from the surrounding areas can fly over.
People must be mobilized to curb the malaria outbreak."
Li Zhengfeng heard about Kong Renxin's method.
He praised: "This is indeed a good approach, but we have to defeat the gang in Guizhou first, and they are still under military control.
After I am discharged from the hospital, I will contact the security forces and we will mobilize the people together to fill in the places where mosquitoes breed and try to reduce the spread of malaria."
Li Zhengfeng heard a loud noise outside the hospital.
He frowned, someone was making a noise outside the hospital.
Since he, Zhushi, is not in the military headquarters, no one is keeping an eye on military discipline?
Soon the messenger came in to inform Kong Renxin.
The army has captured Guiyang City, and all the Ming troops in the city surrendered.
The front line will send wounded soldiers and wounded soldiers from the Ming army to field hospitals for treatment.
Kong Renxin said confidently: "Our hospital is fully prepared, and I can guarantee the treatment effect for patients with minor or serious injuries."
Chen Zhongwen, the third division commander of the First Army, led his guards to the field hospital.
The guards also used a single frame to carry a man dripping blood.
"Where is the doctor? Come out and save people."
Li Zhengfeng saw his anxious face and yelling in the hospital. He walked up and asked, "What happened? No matter how serious the matter is, we can't make a fuss in the hospital."
Li Zhengfeng sighed and said quickly: "This is a true hero of our army.
He led his troops to the city walls of Guiyang, causing the morale of the Ming army to collapse.
But he was also hit by the Ming army's bed crossbow.
The attacking troops all wore armor to protect themselves from cold weapons, so they did not die directly.
We didn't dare touch this kind of injury, so we cut off the arrow shaft of the bed crossbow and immediately took him to the field hospital.
He lost a lot of blood along the way and asked doctors to do their best to save him."
Kong Renxin saw that this was a fighting hero, and their hospital would definitely try its best to rescue him.
His expression was solemn and he said: "Mr. Chen, whether we can save him or not depends on the severity of the injury.
If it hits a major organ, no one can save it.
The crossbow arrow was well positioned and did not damage any of his organs, so there is still hope of saving his life."
Li Zhengfeng ordered: "This is a fighting hero, the hero of our capture of Guiyang.
Don't waste any more time, seize the time and rescue us as soon as possible."
Kong Renxin nodded and immediately led the most elite doctors in the hospital to prepare for the operation.
He was not sure about this kind of major surgery.
Kong Renxin personally pushed the wounded into the operating room.
He immediately ordered: "Anesthetize the patient and clean the wound."
Kong Renxin carefully lit the lamp above his head.
This lamp seems to be a work of art, made of glass, with many edges on it.
Place carbide in the middle, and strong light will shine out from all directions.
This kind of lamp is very expensive, but it is an indispensable instrument for surgical operations.
The light emitted by ordinary lanterns cannot see the situation inside the chest and abdominal cavity.
Direct use of carbide lamps will produce huge shadows and affect the surgical effect.
Only this kind of lamp can emit light so that the surgical process will not be affected by shadows.
I heard that this is a shadowless lamp made by craftsmen under the guidance of His Highness the King of Qin, and is specially used for surgical operations.
The doctor uses medical alcohol to wipe the skin near the patient's wound.
Then use penicillin solution to clean the patient's wound.
Kong Renxin asked his assistant to control the crossbow shaft and prevent it from moving.
Kong Renxin immediately cut open the injured man's abdomen with the knife.
He saw that the injured man's belly was full of blood.
Kong Renxin immediately became nervous. In this situation, the injured could easily die from excessive blood loss.
He washed the patient's abdomen and found the bleeding point.
When an artery was broken, he immediately asked his assistant to pinch one end of the blood vessel, and he sewed the blood vessel shut with a thin catgut thread.
After all the bleeding points were sutured, Kong Renxin carefully separated the body tissue and the crossbow arrow.
After Kong Renxin took out the crossbow arrow and saw the situation inside his abdomen, he felt relieved.
This crossbow arrow did not hit any major organs, but only pierced the intestines.
He cut off the wounded man's necrotic intestines and sewed them back together.
Finally, the injured patient's abdomen was cleaned and the patient's abdomen began to be sutured.
As long as he survives three days without major problems, the wounded man's life can be saved.
He has done what he needs to do. Whether the wounded man can survive depends on whether his life is strong or not.
Kong Renxin saw the patient's pale face and the blood sucked out by cotton in the large basin next to him.
He realized something was wrong.
When the anesthesia wore off, the wounded man still did not wake up, and his face became even paler.
"This man lost so much blood, he must have a blood transfusion if he wants to survive."
Kong Renxin immediately ordered: "Take out the blood transfusion equipment and prepare to give blood to the patient."
When the doctors nearby heard about the blood transfusion, their expressions changed.
"Dean, do you really need a blood transfusion? The success rate of blood transfusions is not high now."
“This person may not be able to wake up without a blood transfusion.
He needs a blood transfusion, I'll go check his blood type."
After Kong Renxin finished speaking, he took out a strange glassware from the box next to him.
This is a large glass tube with a small push rod in the middle.
At one end of the small push rod, there is a piece of leather slightly larger than the diameter of the glass rod.
One end of the glass tube is also connected to a hollow steel tube the size of a sewing needle.
This kind of needle is the most valuable, each needle costs one or two silver coins, and ordinary blacksmiths cannot make it.
These needles are one of the most valuable instruments in the hospital.
Each person can only use one needle at a time, and it must be strictly disinfected after use before it can be used again.
He saw someone complaining in the newspaper that His Highness the King of Qin said that these needles cannot be reused when one becomes wealthy.
Kong Renxin thought that he would not be able to see the day of his death.
How rich do you have to be to be so luxurious?
He picked up the syringe that had drawn the blood of the wounded and walked into the small laboratory next to the operating room.
He immediately searched for equipment and prepared to give blood transfusions to the wounded for treatment.
Kong Renxin was one of the first doctors to participate in blood transfusion treatment.
Queen Qin Wang Wenjun discovered very early that there are two different blood vessels in the human body.
He was also a doctor taught by the Royal Medical Clinic, and he was studying with the Queen at that time.
They first dissected the pig.
It was discovered that the organs in pigs and humans are very similar.
They later conducted experiments on death row prisoners and learned that human blood vessels are divided into arteries and veins.
They also conducted experiments on pigs and mastered the technique of intravenous blood transfusion.
When this technology is transplanted into humans, it can save some people who have suffered excessive bleeding, but there are many contraindications.
At the beginning, this technology was not very mature, so they used death row prisoners for experiments.
It is often found that when blood is transfused into the human body, most of the recipients will die soon.
After a period of exploration, it was discovered that not everyone’s blood can be delivered to anyone’s body.
Human blood is mainly divided into four types: A, B, A, B and C.
There is also a special category of people who will die no matter what kind of blood is transfused.
They believe that these people are not suitable for blood transfusions.
In every war, military doctors are exploring ways to save lives through blood transfusions, and some results have been achieved.
Especially after the invention of glass, better blood transfusion equipment became available.
Blood transfusion treatment has only officially developed and grown.
The tools for blood drawing and blood transfusion are too important, and the blood cannot be preserved.
When blood is withdrawn from the human body and is not immediately injected into the patient's veins, it will quickly condense into clumps.
Every time a blood transfusion is needed for the wounded, the blood is drawn directly outside the ward and transfused into the wounded immediately.
Kong Renxin took out four tubes of light yellow liquid from the saltpeter refrigerator.
Military doctors like them have discovered ways to safely transfuse blood.
Kong Renxin dropped the blood of the wounded into these four small glass bottles.
These are the four blood type serums separated by hand centrifuge.
He dropped the blood of the wounded into the serum.
He saw through the microscope that agglomeration occurred in both type A and type A and B test tubes.
This proves that the casualty's blood type is type B.
If agglutination does not occur, the casualty's blood type is type C.
If only type C does not agglutinate, the wounded person's blood type is type A and type B.
Kong Renxin was most afraid that if all four blood types agglomerated, the wounded would really be hopeless.
After he found the blood type, he immediately found 100 soldiers with type B blood.
In order to rescue patients in time, they determined the blood types of the soldiers stationed at the hospital in advance.
Kong Renxin walked out of the laboratory and told the doctor to prepare for blood transfusion.
Blood must be drawn before transfusion.
The soldiers have entered the disinfected sterile room.
The nurse took the syringe, drew a full syringe of blood, and injected it into the glass bottle.
Every two soldiers can fill a glass bottle.
These glass bottles are covered with pigskin and tied with rope.
Kong Renxin took the blood bottle and took out the transfusion tube.
One end of the blood transfusion tube is the needle of the syringe, and the other end is also a hard steel pipe that can pierce the pig skin.
The steel pipe is divided into two tubes, one long and one short. The short tube is higher than the glass bottle and is used for ventilation.
The long tube is the tube that connects the needle.
These blood vessels are made from piglet intestines.
It's the right size, very tough, and very durable after handling.
The blood in the blood bottle slowly flows into the veins of the wounded.
Kong Renxin looked at the patient on the bed, his face already rosy. He breathed a sigh of relief. This treatment was very effective.
In the early morning of the next day, the injured person woke up after treatment.
Kong Renxin followed the treatment process of the wounded man in detail and published his treatment process in the newspaper.
Wang Liquan was rescued, which also caused a sensation throughout the army.
Everyone thought that Wang Liquan was dead, but they didn't expect that he would be saved by a miracle doctor.
Their hearts are filled with pride, and many soldiers are no longer afraid of getting hurt.