Enamel material is a special artificially calcined color material. In the sixth year of Yongzheng's reign, that is, before 1728, all enamel color materials had to be imported from Europe.
However, after the sixth year of Yongzheng, the Qing Palace Building Office was able to refine more than 20 kinds of enamel materials by itself.
Moreover, the color variety is more abundant than imported color materials.
Only after this did the production of enamel-colored porcelain begin.
Achieve rapid development.
So what exactly is enamel? In fact, to put it simply, enamel is one of the porcelain decoration techniques, derived from the technique of painting enamel.
Porcelain using the enamel color decoration technique, that is, enamel color porcelain, is officially called "porcelain body painted enamel", and is often referred to as enamel color.
Enamel painting is a technique for painting enamel.
An overglaze decoration technique transplanted to porcelain body, later known as "Gu Yuexuan".
It is called "Rose Color" abroad.
Enamel color was founded in the late Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty.
During the Yongzheng period, enamel painting was further developed and reached its peak during the Qianlong period.
Now Chen Wenzhe wants to imitate the first porcelain from the official kiln of the Republic of China, but it is a pinnacle work that combines the essence of the three generations of Qing Dynasty.
If you want to make such enamel porcelain, you must know the main characteristics of enamel.
The first is the porcelain body. The porcelain body must be thin and the repair must be regular and complete.
This kind of porcelain body is fine, uniform, smooth, and has the texture of jade.
Then there is the shape of the vessel. Because the craftsmanship is complex and the requirements for the porcelain body are too high, most of the enamel-colored porcelain is small, and those larger than one foot are rare.
Therefore, they are mostly small pieces of porcelain for daily use such as bowls, bottles, tobacco bottles, and animal ornaments.
Of course, regardless of the size of the vessel, it must be solemn, regular, and consistent with the characteristics of Kang, Yong, and Qian vessels.
The third is that the bottom shaft is a pure white shaft, neither green nor yellow, and the shaft surface is smooth, clean and flawless.
Finally, there is the enamel color,
this color,
The colors are extremely bright and soft, with bright main colors and rich color combinations. They are rarely pure colors but pastel-type coupling colors.
What’s more, there are many kinds of colors. Seven or eight colors can appear on the same object, and there are as many as ten kinds of colors.
Finally, it is put into a charcoal furnace and roasted at a temperature of about 600°C.
Of course, if you want to make antique porcelain, you need to pay more attention, because the porcelain of Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties is also different, let alone the enamel fired by the Republic of China.
Painting and decoration are the most important here. Let’s talk about patterns first. Each pattern on the enamel porcelain is made of a variety of colors.
The surface of the material is smooth, with a glassy reflective feel, and sometimes it can reflect clam light.
Very beautiful.
The glaze all protrudes slightly above the base glaze by about one millimeter, giving it a distinct three-dimensional effect.
You can clearly feel it when you close your eyes and touch it with your hands.
If you look at it with a 10x magnifying glass, you can see tiny opening patterns on each flower and leaf.
This phenomenon cannot be seen with the naked eye.
This is also the most important feature.
As for pastels, you won’t feel any protrusion.
Let’s talk about painted decorations. The painting skills of enamelware are particularly exquisite, and most of them are skillful strokes.
Different dynasties are different. For example, the enamel colors of Kangxi were mostly colored, and the colors of the colored grounds were red, yellow, blue, green, purple, rouge, etc.
On the color ground, draw peonies with twisted branches, large flowers with broken branches, and the words "longevity" in the center of the group of flowers, "Longevity without Life", chrysanthemums in the Nine Autumn Period, etc.
The characteristic of Kangxi enamel is that there are flowers but no birds, and its color matching is worse than that of Yongzheng and Qianlong.
Yongzheng's enamel painting was relatively mature, with breakthroughs in technology and richer color materials.
During the Yongzheng period, colored ground paintings were used, but white ground paintings were mostly used.
Painting on a white ground can better highlight the brightness of the enamel glaze.
In addition, Yongzheng's enamel decorations are mostly landscapes, bamboos, rocks, flowers and birds, and are accompanied by corresponding verses in the paintings, integrating poetry, calligraphy, and painting into one, giving it a unique flavor and making it appear more elegant.
During the Yongzheng period, single-color painting was also popular, such as using carmine, dark blue, ink color... you can choose any color to create a painting, which is quite Chinese painting style.
This is original and extremely beautiful.
The enamel paintings of the Qianlong period inherited the style of Yongzheng, but the craftsmanship was not as rigorous as that of Yongzheng.
Because Emperor Qianlong had a special liking for pastels, he was very concerned about and developed the branch art of pastels.
As a result, enamel painting retreated somewhat, and works between pastel and enamel painting appeared.
These transitional products also have their own high artistic level.
The enamel paintings of the Qianlong period mainly featured flowers and birds, landscapes, figures and Western women, and were accompanied by imperial poems.
At this time, the rolling process appeared again, and with it came the very beautiful landscapes, figures, flowers and birds on the brocade ground.
This new process is actually not enamel, but pastel, also called "green pastel".
Finally, there is the imitation of the inscriptions. During the Kangxi period, it was forbidden to write inscriptions on the inscriptions.
It was forty years after Emperor Kangxi's reign that the ban was opened and allowed to be signed.
However, the original word "Xi" must be rewritten as "Xi". This "Xi" only appears on Kangxi's porcelain.
Kangxi's inscriptions were written on the enamel vessels, and they were all written with colored materials, including red, blue, purple, black and other colors.
The signature is only "Kangxi Imperial System" in regular script with four characters, plus two squares.
There are three forms of the four-character style. The difference is that the characters "Kang" and "Yu" each have two different pens.
There were also two ways of identifying names in the Yongzheng period, one was imitation Song style, and the other was regular script style, both consisting of four characters plus two sides.
The imitation Song style is "Yongzheng year system", the regular script is "Yongzheng imperial system", and only the orchid code is visible.
Qianlong's inscription only has the four-character "Qianlong Year System" with two sides in a square shape. Qianlong has blue and black materials.
After boiling it down, by grasping a few key points, you can imitate perfect enamel colored porcelain.
First, understand the characteristics of the times.
Second, prepare suitable enamel materials.
Third, the painter must be qualified.
Special attention should be paid here. To make enamel colored porcelain, the painting skills must be first-rate.
You must know that the craftsmen in Jingzhen could not make the enamel color at the beginning.
After they made a qualified white embryo, they paid tribute to the palace, and then the royal painters in the palace drew it and then fired it successfully.
Chen Wenzhe must know his stuff. He not only understands the characteristics of enamels from Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, but also understands the characteristics of enamels from the Republic of China and the Republic of China.
Secondly, there is the enamel color material. No matter what kind it is or what period it is, he can mix it if he wants, and he can choose the most suitable one to use.
Finally, there is the painting skill. At most, you can just choose the appropriate painting skills from the internal inheritance of the Sui Marquis Pearl.
The skill of enamel painting is definitely useful.
Although you need to start from the beginner level to learn these options, it only costs more than a hundred achievement points to reach the master level.
Chen Wenzhe has no shortage of achievement points now, especially recently. No matter what he does, as long as he is recognized by the world, he will get achievement points.
Just like the previous treasure hunt, Gao Qijing and his group of bodyguards gave him a lot of achievement points.
It turns out that because he doesn't need it, he doesn't pay much attention to this information.
Of course, he doesn't care now, because he still has several opportunities to inherit independently, but he hasn't used them yet!