After the white body is glazed, it is fired once, and the color can only be adjusted after passing the kiln.
Color mixing involves more skills in making enamel. If you don't know, you can make mistakes every step of the way.
This step is to mix pure natural mineral pigments with pigment blending oil in a ratio of 10:1.
in,
The hardness of the pure natural mineral pigment is between 7 degrees on the Mohs scale and 10 degrees on the Mohs scale, and the grinding fineness is above 500 mesh.
At this time, 50% frankincense oil, 20% turpentine, 10% castor oil, 10% mugwort oil, and 10% active substances are used. After high-temperature distillation, when 100 grams is distilled to 50 grams, the blended oil is successfully distilled.
Then blend the pure natural mineral pigments with pigment oil,
Mix according to the ratio of 10:1.
When blending, use a paint knife first.
Press the pigment and mixed oil repeatedly to make the pigment fully absorb the oil. The ratio of pigment to oil should be accurate to 10:1;
After completing this step, the final step is to add color to the glaze. This step is more troublesome.
In this step, you need to burn the lines. This requires first drawing and completing the line drawing;
After the lines are drawn, they are naturally dried in the shade. When the average temperature on a sunny day is between 19℃-30℃, the average relative air humidity is between 50%-80%, and the relative air humidity on a rainy day is 60%-90%, it takes 2-4 days to dry in the shade on a sunny day.
hours, it takes 6-8 hours to dry in the shade on rainy days.
When the average temperature is between 4℃ and 17℃, the average relative air humidity is 40%-70% on sunny days, and the relative air humidity is 60%-80% on rainy days, drying in the shade on sunny days takes 1-3 hours, and drying in the shade on rainy days takes 2-2 hours.
4 hours;
Speaking of this, we still need to focus on the production of white tires, which involves several top-level processes.
As mentioned before, pure kaolin is needed to make white embryos, and after successful production, cool embryos are also needed.
Airing is one of the natural drying procedures, that is, the wet billet formed by drawing or other methods is
Place it on the blank board and place it on the open-air blank rack for "sun and wind blowing" to dry it.
This step cannot be done here, but the heat must be controlled. If the cooled embryo is not up to standard, there will definitely be problems with the firing.
Then there is the sharpening process, which refers to the process of placing the drawn blank on the windlass when it is semi-dry, and trimming it with a knife to make the surface of the vessel smooth and clean, and the thickness uniform.
This process involves first placing the yellow clay on the so-called sharp cart, and then sitting on the cart, using special tools to make the surface of the object smooth and clean, and the shape consistent and consistent, so that the clay shows a bright white color.
This is an extremely important process in ceramic molding, which ultimately determines the shape of the object.
The manufacturing of enamel-colored porcelain requires careful repairs both internally and externally.
In this step, you not only need to be familiar with the properties of clay, the straight and curved changes in the shape of the utensils,
During firing, each part will retain mud and shrink. You must first learn to grind various kinds of iron tools.
After completing the above steps,
It was the first time I entered the kiln, and the temperature was 800 degrees.
After the first firing, take it out and paint it again.
First draw the line and use the color you want.
Secondly, separate the water, draw the outline color, and use the main color to separate the water.
After completing these two steps and firing in the kiln for the second time, the temperature needs to reach 1,380 degrees.
After the second kiln firing is completed, the semi-finished vessel embryo is taken out, the pigments fired once are fixed, and then the raw material is used to hook the thread.
Next is the third kiln firing at a temperature of 860 degrees.
After the third firing, pick colors!
After the color is picked, the fourth porcelain is fired in the kiln, using 820 degrees.
After the last step of gold mining, it is entered into the kiln for the fifth time at a temperature of 800 degrees, so that a work can be completed.
Therefore, it is very difficult to make enamel. The manual production process is complicated, and if you make mistakes during the drawing, you will have to make it again.
It can be said that the reason why each enamel vessel has a different style is that the craftsmen's painting techniques are different, and the resulting works are also different.
That’s why there are Qing Dynasty enamel works. Each piece is unique and therefore of high value.
It can be said that enamel colored porcelain is the most rigorously made porcelain product among all colored porcelains in the Qing Dynasty.
Its shape design, production of wooden molds, pattern painting content, painters, inscriptions, inscriptions, including copying originals, fonts, inscription writers, and finished vessels were almost all screened by the emperor himself and strictly controlled before they were completed.
Of course, as the first porcelain in the official kiln of the Republic of China, the pen holder made by Chen Wenzhe this time is not that simple.
It can be said that its design, production, mold opening, etc. are no worse than those of the official kilns of the Qing Dynasty.
It is by following such strict procedures that the first porcelain from modern official kilns can be made.
Now Chen Wenzhe just wants to copy a work. He doesn't need to design it, he doesn't need dog pictures, and he doesn't even need to worry about matching colors.
It's much simpler to just imitate.
Of course, Chen Wenzhe still faced process problems, and these did not involve the firing in the kiln.
In fact, whether it is Ru kiln porcelain, pastel Zadao porcelain, or ruby red glaze and other metal glazed porcelain, there are great difficulties when firing in the kiln.
Just like enamel, the same situation applies. It must be put into the kiln five times, and the conditions are different each time it is fired.
Under such circumstances, it is not easy to produce a qualified piece of enamel-colored porcelain without master-level kiln firing techniques.
If you don’t do research, you won’t know. Once you do research, you will be shocked, especially the serious Chen Wenzhe. He really didn’t expect that actually firing enamel-colored porcelain is more rigorous than firing Ru kiln.
There is no way around it. Can the technology of the Northern Song Dynasty be compared with that of the Qing Dynasty?
Can single-color glazed porcelain be compared with colorful enamel?
The two are nothing more than glazing and glaze mixing, so they are not on the same level.
Of course, this does not mean that Ru kiln is inferior to Enamel. This is mainly due to the different stages of civilization development.
You must know that the Qing Dynasty accumulated thousands of years of technology than the Northern Song Dynasty and completed some more difficult tasks, shouldn't it?
Now it falls on Chen Wenzhe. Since he has accumulated more experience, he should naturally produce better works.
So, if you have to do it, do it the best you can.
This time, Chen Wenzhe fired strictly according to the specifications of the imperial kilns of the Qing Dynasty, and every step of the process could not be faulted.
Enamel color is known as the most rigorous porcelain work, and it is really not just nonsense.
For example, the steps of firing in the kiln must not be wrong.
Enamel porcelain is not ordinary porcelain. When firing, not only the temperature control, but also the firing time and the position where the porcelain is placed in the kiln must not be careless.
Therefore, in the process of firing enamel in the kiln, the first step that needs to be paid attention to is the kiln code.
The code kiln is to put the porcelain with painted lines into the kiln.
This step is not difficult, but you need to know.
In particular, the placement should be in the middle of the kiln.
If the quantity of porcelain to be fired is small, other porcelain should be used to fill the empty spaces in the kiln so that the heat in the kiln can be balanced when the temperature of the kiln rises and falls.