Chemical gold is also called chemical nickel gold, immersion nickel gold or electroless nickel gold.
Electroless nickel gold is to chemically plate a layer of nickel-phosphorus alloy on the palladium on the copper surface through a chemical reaction, and then plate a layer of gold on the nickel surface through a displacement reaction.
Needless to say, this chemical gold is a favorite among modern counterfeiters.
Chen Wenzhe doesn't need to fake, so naturally he doesn't need to learn this method.
Besides, Chen Wenzhe would definitely not make more porcelain with gold color craftsmanship. His research on this part of the craft was just to imitate the porcelain made from the kiln.
By this time, Chen Wenzhe had generally understood all the production techniques of Ding kiln.
At the very least, he would definitely not make some stupid mistakes in the process of making Ding kiln porcelain.
"There is one last step, which seems to be signing. This was rare in the Song Dynasty!"
You must know that there are not many porcelains in the Song Dynasty, whether they are official kilns or private kilns.
During that period, it can only be said to have left inscriptions.
In fact, this is at the bottom of the Ding kiln, so the words are engraved.
Among them are "official", "xinguan", "shangshiju", "shangyaozhe", "five princes' mansion", "shiguanjuzhengqizi", "yiding" and so on.
The above-mentioned inscriptions were all carved on the porcelain before it was fired. Among them, "official", "shangshiju" and "five princes' mansion" porcelain pieces were unearthed from the kiln site.
In addition, among the products handed down from Ding kiln, there are also those carved by palace jade craftsmen.
The inscriptions are all related to palace buildings, such as "Fenghua", "Fenghua", "Cifu", "Juxiu", "Forbidden Garden", "Deshou" and so on.
Its purpose is very obvious, and it should be a symbol assigned to each palace in the palace.
Because it was carved by a palace jade worker, its font is very neat.
Apart from these, there is nothing special about the money left in the Song Dynasty.
On the contrary, in the process of making Ding kiln wares, we must pay attention to avoid the production techniques of some imitations.
Ding kiln is a famous kiln, and imitations can be found everywhere in later generations.
Just like Chen Wenzhe now, the imitations he made are Republican imitations. There were also imitations in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties before.
This is the burden of the great reputation. For example, the previous porcelain tripod was imitated by a master who imitated the Ding kiln in the Ming Dynasty.
Chen Wenzhe has given up on this porcelain tripod.
He planned to send the location information of the treasure trove, which was a location in the Qiantang River, to Professor Tao in China and ask him to send someone to take a look.
If you have it, you will be happy; if you don't have it, there will be no loss.
If there is, even if it is a Ming Dynasty imitation, its value will not be too low.
Also, in fact, not only Ding kiln produced porcelain tripods, but all five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty made this type of vessel.
Even in the Ming Dynasty, when making Xuande furnaces, porcelain tripods from the five famous kilns were specially found and copied.
Since there were such top-notch imitations in the Ming Dynasty, they must have been in the Qing Dynasty as well.
To be honest, the earliest imitation of Ding kiln should date from the Yuan Dynasty.
Xishan Huo Kiln is famous for its imitation of Ding Kiln.
According to documents from the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, there are pottery makers who can imitate Ding kiln porcelain.
Such as Zhou Danquan, etc., but its handed down products cannot be confirmed at present.
Even the previous imitation of the Ding kiln porcelain tripod is just a legend. After all, no one has seen the fake he made until now.
On the contrary, the Forbidden City still has products imitating Ding kiln from the Ming Dynasty, including plates, bowls, and pillows, but it is difficult to confirm the specific era.
After the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, there were imitation Ding kiln products in Jingzhen. The glaze was yellowish, mostly printed, and there were no bamboo brush patterns or tear marks, making it easy to distinguish them from genuine products.
In the 1980s, Quyang, Beihe, resumed Ding kiln production, and its imitation Ding kiln products were very successful, mainly white glaze engraving and printing products.
There are certain differences between imitations and genuine products, mainly because many of the imitations are formed using modern techniques.
The shapes, such as plates, bowls, bottles, etc., are too neat and tidy compared to the real ones, and do not have the simple style of ancient hand-made products.
Although there is no difference in the carcass, the glaze color is too frivolous with yellow flashing out of white.
Now on the market, there are some new Quyang products that are imitated and then used as antiques. Such works must be carefully identified.
In recent years, Quyang has used a raw material for making industrial porcelain to imitate kiln products, and has done quite well.
This kind of porcelain is off-white in color, and some may also have tear marks.
The glaze is semi-devitrified, much like Ding kiln products.
However, the genuine product is white porcelain with a yellowish tint, while the imitation is grayish white.
There are also self-employed people in the Northeast. In recent years, products imitating Ding kiln are also handmade, with major features such as "tear marks" and are very lifelike.
To carefully identify the signs of aging and minor changes in shape, you need to compare it with the real thing to see the slight differences.
Therefore, if we really want to talk about replicating kilns, modern people are still better.
Of course, such imitations are worthless in the eyes of modern people.
On the contrary, some old imitations and official imitations are more valuable.
There have been many imitations of Ding kiln in the past dynasties. As one of the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty, it will definitely be imitated by future generations.
However, the situation of imitating famous kilns is still different from that of imitating other famous kilns.
On the one hand, there were many handed down products and unearthed products from Ding kiln at that time.
On the other hand, Ding Kiln products are not that beautiful.
Therefore, the quality of many thin-bodied white porcelain products of later generations exceeds it.
This antique, the craftsmanship is backwards, the work is worse, and it seems to be more difficult, because it is difficult to achieve the ancient porcelain making environment.
Therefore, there are not that many imitation kilns in later generations.
Chen Wenzhe likes to make antique porcelain the most, but imitation is not the purpose.
While imitating, you also need to innovate.
Now that he is imitating Ding kiln wares, he will definitely imitate a series of Ding kiln wares.
As before, when he imitated Ding kiln wares, he must have copied all Ding kilns from the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.
Because the Ding kiln wares produced in each dynasty are all different.
For example, the imitation of Ding kiln in the Ming Dynasty has its own unique characteristics.
Because egg white glaze appeared in the Yuan Dynasty, and sweet white glaze appeared in the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, and the production level was still very high.
Therefore, most of the imitation white glaze products in the Ming Dynasty were based on egg white glaze and sweet white glaze.
Official kilns in the Ming Dynasty never imitated Ding kilns, and there were cases where private kilns imitated Ding kilns.
The imitation Ding kilns were mainly concentrated in Jingzhen and Pengcheng, basically in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Yan's "Tao Shuo" said: "Rao Zhen imitated the setting device, using bluestone powder as the bone, Yuefen Ding. The quality is rough and the pine is not very good."
Raozhen here is the old name of Jingzhen.
Judging from the actual objects, the imitation Ding kilns of the Ming Dynasty mainly include water bowls, basins, bowls, plates, and children's pillows.
Some dishes have awns and some don't.
The glaze is not ivory like that of Song Ding kiln, but is yellowish white.
The glaze surface is smooth, unlike Song Ding kiln which has tear marks.
Although there are patterns on the utensils, they are basically dark flowers and prints, and there are no carved flowers like those of Song Ding kiln.
In the Qing Dynasty, the imitation Ding kilns of that period were different again.
Both the official kilns and private kilns of the Qing Dynasty imitated the Ding kiln.
The works are also relatively broad, and the main varieties include boxes, water bottles, basins, bowls, plates, washers, bottles, statues, jars, and jars.
It can be said that anything that can be imitated was imitated in the Qing Dynasty!