The deposits that were first formed were not standardized, so they were simply distinguished by their last names.
However, the surname is too broad, and even people of the same sex may not necessarily belong to the same family.
For example, the kiln stamps of the Zhang family include "Made by the Zhang Family", "Zhang Family Records", "Zhang Family Pillow", "Zhang Family Kiln", "Zhang Family Pillow", "Ancient Photos Made by the Zhang Family", etc.;
The Wang family's kiln has stamps such as "Wang's Shouming" and "Fuyuan Wang's family made".
In addition, there are "Liujia Zao", "Li Jiazao", "Buyuan Changji Zao" and so on.
Among all the kilns in Cizhou, the Zhangjia kiln has the highest reputation and the longest firing time, so it has the most "Made by Zhangjia" stamps.
These individual stamp marks have also become a feature of Cizhou kiln porcelain pillow production.
Since it has characteristics, it can leave a strong mark in the long history.
However, the porcelain pillows from Cizhou kiln are not as famous as the children's pillows from Ding kiln.
However, compared to Ding kiln porcelain pillows, the number of Cizhou kiln porcelain pillows handed down is relatively large.
After making enough porcelain pillows from Ding kiln and Jizhou kiln, Chen Wenzhe planned to specifically bake porcelain pillows from Cizhou kiln.
In addition, the porcelain pillows handed down from Cizhou kiln have another special feature, which is the use of black and white glaze.
For example, the representative porcelain pillow with white glaze and black color and Cuju pattern is white glaze and black color.
This porcelain pillow is 20.5 cm long, 19.5 cm wide and 10.5 cm high.
The porcelain pillow is in the shape of a long octagon as a whole, with eaves on the periphery, raised ends at both ends, a concave middle, upright peripheral walls, and a flat bottom.
The glaze color is milky white, the texture is light gray, and black flowers are painted under the glaze.
The four walls are painted with black flowers and leaves wrapped around the branches, and the pillow is painted with a boy's hair in double braids.
The boy is wearing a floral dress with narrow sleeves and a left lapel collar, a ribbon tied around the waist, and baggy trousers.
Raise your arms, hide your hands in your sleeves, bend your upper body forward, put your left foot on the ground, raise your right foot, and concentrate on kicking the ball.
There is a stamp of "Made by Zhangjia" on the bottom, which is considered a famous kiln model.
"Cu" means to kick with your feet, "Ju" is a ball made of leather, and "Cuju" means to kick the ball with your feet.
It is an ancient sport in our country, similar to today's football.
Its origin can be traced back to Linzi, the ancient capital of Qi State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
Both "Historical Records" and "Warring States Policy" have recorded that the Tang and Song Dynasties were the most prosperous.
Cuju was often used as a training method in military camps to strengthen the physical fitness of soldiers.
Later, it gradually developed and became a popular sports and entertainment activity among the people.
The porcelain pillow with Cuju pattern is vivid and lifelike, fully demonstrating the superb skills of folk porcelain artists at that time in recreating life.
This provides important physical information for studying the development and production technology of porcelain pillows in the Song Dynasty, as well as the origin of football.
There is also this technique of white glaze and black color, which was often used in the Cizhou kilns of the Song Dynasty.
In addition to the previous piece of porcelain, there are several other pieces of this kind of porcelain pillow with white glaze and black color that have been handed down from generation to generation.
These pieces are quite special, such as the porcelain pillow with white glaze and black eagle chasing rabbit pattern.
This one is not a child's pillow because the pattern on it is not that of a child.
But this does not affect its value at all. This porcelain pillow is 24.7 cm long, 17.0 cm wide and 9.7 cm high.
The pillow body is oval in shape, low in front and high in back, and the pillow surface is slightly concave.
White glaze is applied, the bottom is exposed, and the three characters "Made by Zhangjia" are printed in regular script.
The pillow surface is painted with double lines on the outside, a black eagle chasing a rabbit pattern on the inside, and a black pattern of flowers and leaves on the surrounding side.
This pillow is a typical work of Cizhou kiln, with exquisite craftsmanship and high level of painting.
Especially the scene of the eagle chasing the rabbit, the image of the rabbit running rapidly and the flying eagle struggling to chase is realistic, vivid, lifelike, has high artistic appeal, and is a rare art treasure.
Printed with the logo of the Zhangjiazao workshop, it provides a physical example for studying the development history and painting art of this kiln system.
The vivid pictures, expressive movements, and famous kiln models make this piece of porcelain even more valuable.
In addition to these two pieces of white-glazed and black-colored porcelain pillows, Chen Wenzhe also knows of three other white-glazed and black-colored porcelain pillows that are handed down from generation to generation.
These porcelain pillows are very unique, such as a white-glazed and black-colored reed and wild goose pillow.
The porcelain pillow is 20 cm long, 13.3 cm wide, 6.5 cm high, and has a round waist shape.
The pillow is low in front and high in back, with a slight concave in the middle. The middle of the pillow is painted with black paint to depict a wild goose with its wings spread out, its head raised, and a reed in its beak, ready to fly into the air.
The outer edge is decorated with black color for a circle, and the inner edge is decorated with black color Ruyi pattern.
There are no patterns on the four walls, but the whole body is covered with white glaze and black color, and the bottom is exposed.
The reed goose is a kind of messenger bird, and it is said that it was the first to inform people of the changing seasons.
This pillow picture has a strong sense of layering and space, vividly creating a natural scene of wild geese spreading their wings and about to fly, which is full of interest.
Then there is the white glaze and black tiger pattern pillow. This porcelain pillow is 15.8 cm high, 27 cm long and 37.80 cm wide.
The overall shape is waist-round, low in front and high in back.
The middle of the pillow is decorated with black paint, depicting a ferocious tiger visiting and traveling.
The tiger's head is raised and it looks to the left, its mouth is open and its teeth are exposed, its eyes are wide open and staring to the left. The tiger's back is arched, its tail is raised in an S shape, and its four claws are grabbing the ground hard.
Above and below the tiger, three flowers are painted.
The edge is decorated with two weeks of black color, and the four walls are decorated with black color curly grass patterns.
The tiger is regarded as a "sacred beast" and "the king of beasts". Ying Shao's "Customs and Customs" said: "Painting a tiger on a household can ward off evil."
It can be seen that folk people put tiger pattern ornaments in household items to stabilize the house, ward off evil spirits, and seek peace and auspiciousness.
The last piece is a white-glazed and black-colored peony pillow. This porcelain pillow is 11.9 cm high, 19 cm wide, and 23 cm long. It is octagonal, with a low front and a high back.
The center of the pillow is illuminated, with a peony flower in the center and three flowers and leaves surrounding the flower.
The outer edge of the consecration is decorated with black paint, and the middle is painted with white glaze to reflect the water ripples.
The upper and lower ends of the side wall are decorated with black paint, and a curly grass pattern is painted in the middle of the side wall as a foil.
The porcelain pillow is exquisite in shape and has bright black flowers on a white background, forming a strong contrast.
The flowers and grass patterns are smooth and smooth, vivid and colorful.
The whole composition decoration is rigorous, simple and elegant.
The shape and decoration can achieve perfect harmony and unity, which reflects the traditional aesthetic concepts of people at that time.
Although these three porcelain pillows are all different, they all have one thing in common, that is, no matter what patterns are engraved on them, they are all extremely delicate and lifelike.
Therefore, each of these porcelain pillows that have been handed down to this day is a rare and exquisite product.
From these pieces of porcelain pillows, you can see that although the porcelain pillows are different from each other, no matter how they change, they are just changing patterns.
The general structure of porcelain pillows is still very similar, but the graphics and carvings are different, making a porcelain pillow completely different.
Especially the last piece is a piece of porcelain that has been consecrated.
Consecration decoration, commonly known as "opening the hall", is a common decorative technique in ceramic decoration in my country.
With the development of history and changes in society, the craft of consecration has been updated and changed in structure, form, and content.
Today, it is still used, absorbed and developed by ceramic creators, and has become an important decorative technique in modern ceramic decoration.