It is still difficult for ordinary people to distinguish the fake method of repainting an old tire. If you need to identify it, you must refer to factors such as whether the color glaze is in place and whether the glaze is warm and moist.
There are also old glazes and new ones. In recent years, some glazes from the past have been unearthed in Jingzhen.
Counterfeiters will use old glazes to decorate new ones.
When encountering this kind of porcelain, you should focus on observing the tightness of the combination between the glaze and the tread when identifying it.
There are many methods of cheating, such as old items and new items.
Old foot, stream, bottom, mouth, neck and other incomplete unearthed objects are often assembled into new porcelain;
This kind of forgery is very confusing, so you should carefully compare all parts of the whole device to see if they are consistent.
The last step is re-firing. There are two situations of re-firing. The first one refers to repairing the broken parts of the damaged old vessel and then putting it into the kiln for re-firing.
If it is intact after leaving the kiln, the price will increase several times.
To do this, it is best to choose a residual vessel with smaller defects, such as punches on the vessel body or knocks on the mouth of the vessel.
The second method refers to crushing old porcelain shards into powder, adding other ore raw materials, and making blanks for burning.
In today's era, it can be said that those who make and sell counterfeit products are constantly making new ones every day on the same old path.
From hydrofluoric acid to potassium permanganate, and then to traditional Chinese medicine, it can be said that it is a variety of analysis that keeps pace with the times.
The methods mentioned above are all imitation methods, and the "old-fashioned" method can be roughly divided into two stages.
The first stage started in the 1980s and ended in the mid-to-late 1990s.
Distressing mainly imitates the characteristics of unearthed artifacts. Common techniques are to use sandpaper to polish the new glaze, or to use hydrofluoric acid to corrode the glaze.
Then apply muddy water, which penetrates into the damaged glaze, creating an unearthed effect.
However, this method is slowly being eliminated today.
On the one hand, it is easy to identify authenticity, and on the other hand, with the improvement of living standards, the collectors' requirements for quality are also increasing.
At this time, the old way of doing things no longer adapts to the new situation.
From the mid-to-late 1990s to today, it is the second stage of distressing, which mainly imitates the characteristics of handed down products.
Because handed down items are well protected, they generally do not suffer the same level of glaze damage as unearthed artifacts.
Its glaze has devitrification characteristics, the glaze is warm and moist, and the base is relatively delicate, with "chicken claw patterns" visible on the inner wall and other characteristics.
For mid- to low-grade imitations, for the purpose of saving costs, potassium permanganate is often applied on the glaze to create the effect.
High-grade antique porcelain will be soaked in traditional Chinese medicine to create the effect of old porcelain.
However, there are not many masters who master this old-fashioned method.
At the end of the story, this method of using potions to make high imitation antiques is generally secret.
However, for Chen Wenzhe, this is a small trick, because there are too many ways to make it old in the Sui Hou Pearl.
Besides, when he learned to make porcelain, he started by making old ones.
When he first accepted some old-fashioned inheritance, he used potions to make old porcelain.
It can be said that if he can make qualified Yuan blue and white, and then make it old and antique, it will really be child's play.
And one of the most important means is medicine and cooking.
At Chen Wenzhe's current level, he has reached the pinnacle of using various means to make things look old.
Just like boiling and soaking traditional Chinese medicine to make it old, there will be slight differences depending on the objects.
For example, in order to create the light effect of pastel porcelain clams, a little alcohol is added to traditional Chinese medicine.
In order to eliminate the shine of the underglaze colored porcelain, a small amount of hydrofluoric acid will be dropped.
Although he seldom makes things old now, he still knows very well that a small bottle of hydrofluoric acid can be used for half a year.
There are many other ways to make the surface old, such as boiling it with tea, smoking it with incense, applying fine soot, etc.;
As for the chicken claw pattern that appears on the inner wall of the vessel, it can be imitated by tapping it with a small hammer when the glazed porcelain has just come out of the kiln.
If you pay attention to technical content, then use the calendering method.
This process is mostly used for glazing the surface of unglazed pottery.
The specific method is to first use a hot hair dryer or oven to heat the colored area to 60c-70c, and then apply a layer of paraffin or Sichuan wax.
When applying, first apply the wax on the cloth, and then rub the colored or imitation glaze parts with the cloth.
Then use a hard and smooth tool, such as a jade roller or an agate roller, to roll it on the surface until the desired luster appears, and finally wipe it with silk cloth.
This method will leave subtle traces, which can be discovered by careful observation.
In recent years, a new type of high-fine sand has been used for polishing, and the old antique glaze can only be discovered under a high-power magnifying glass.
It should be noted here that a high-power magnifying glass is required. The leak-picking magnifying glass used by ordinary people in the industry cannot be seen.
In fact, if you want to get good results, you still need to use polishing.
This method is the most commonly used, and is divided into two types: manual polishing and mechanical polishing.
Manual polishing involves dipping a silk cloth into abrasive paste, applying it to the soft polished area of the imitation glaze surface, and then cleaning the polished areas with gasoline and ethanol respectively.
If necessary, add some paraffin wax or Sichuan wax and use silk cloth to throw it.
The luster produced by this kind of polishing is relatively soft.
In addition, you can also use technician grinders and high-speed turbine drills for polishing, which are mostly used for the repair of Ming and Qing porcelain.
Mechanical polishing can not only improve work efficiency, but also improve polishing quality, and the thrown light has a better enamel feel.
Follow the sun's rays and use a magnifying glass more than ten times to inspect the glaze layer on the surface of the porcelain. The wear on the surface of the ancient ceramics is criss-crossed, with different thicknesses and depths. This phenomenon does not exist on new ceramics.
In fact, there are many old-fashioned techniques, and as long as they can save costs, some people will use many troublesome techniques.
For example, the varnishing method is to spray a layer of glazing paint on the surface of the imitation glaze coating.
At present, the better glazing material is thermosetting acrylic glazing paint, which has a transparent, colorless and bright coating.
After spraying, it must be dried and cured. The cured coating can be polished with polishing paste to achieve a more ideal effect.
However, on the surface of porcelain processed using this method, you can clearly see under a microscope the regular movement tracks left during processing.
However, when it comes to appraising a piece of porcelain, who would take a microscope to examine it without any problem?
The most important thing in refining the appearance of old porcelain is to remove the shine.
This is also the first skill that Chen Wenzhe mastered after learning old-fashioned techniques.
But now his fire-removing skills have improved too much.
For example, with the simplest hand grinding method, he can make it look fake and real.
This is a craft job, and his best thing is his dexterous hands.
However, this method is more time consuming.
Hand polishing, as the name suggests, means that after the porcelain comes out of the kiln, it is polished with sweaty hands for several months until the dazzling "fire" disappears.
Ordinary people cannot persist in this, nor can they play the game carefully for a long time.
However, if you want to use this method to make something old, you must be a master.