I won’t talk about the types of porcelain in the Ming Dynasty, but let’s talk about the Qing Dynasty. How many types of glazed porcelain were there in the Qing Dynasty?
The twelve types of single-color glazed chrysanthemum petal plates imitated by Chen Wenzhe can illustrate the problem very well.
In the past, although Chen Wenzhe knew that the artistic achievements of the third dynasty of the Qing Dynasty were very high, he had never seriously considered or summarized them.
But this time, what he mainly does is decoration. As long as there is one glaze color and one type of vessel, he can do it with peony patterns.
In this way, Chen Wenzhe still needs to summarize how many achievements the Qing Dynasty made.
Although this was a minority regime, it must be said that the Qing Dynasty, especially the third generation of the Qing Dynasty, had really high artistic achievements.
Since the 16th century BC, the development of porcelain has reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty.
This period was the second peak in the history of ceramic development in my country after the Song Dynasty.
It was during this period that the technology of firing porcelain reached its peak.
Thousands of years of accumulated experience have made its production level very high.
During the three dynasties of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, due to the prosperity of society and society at that time, the development of porcelain at that time entered a prosperous era.
In particular, the porcelain of the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong dynasties reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty.
Its colors are colorful and varied, and its technology pays attention to fine workmanship and no expense is spared.
However, with the decline of the Qing Dynasty's national power, the development of porcelain gradually went downhill from the Daoguang period.
The quality of porcelain in the later period appears loose and loose, and its whiteness appears to be a little worse.
The shape of the vessel has stiff lines, often with sharp edges and corners, and lacks rounded beauty, making it look clumsy and heavy.
Seriously, the development of porcelain in the Qing Dynasty can be divided into three periods, namely before Shunzhi in the early Qing Dynasty, then the third dynasty of the Qing Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty.
In the early Qing Dynasty, the development of ceramics before Shunzhi was not very big.
The continuous fighting in the late Ming Dynasty had a huge impact on the handicraft industry, and the development of ceramics was also greatly affected by it.
The kilns were closed and the craftsmen were scattered. It was not until the reunification of the Qing Dynasty that things improved.
Among them, the most representative Jingzhen ceramics did not resume production until the 11th year of Shunzhi.
Therefore, it can be said that the production of ceramics in the Qing Dynasty did not initially resume until the Shunzhi period.
The Shunzhi period was a development period that connected the past and the next, and the products had obvious transitional characteristics of the development period.
The porcelain at this time had a relatively thick body and was slightly rough in production. The edge of the vessel was coated with yellow glaze, giving it a yellowish-brown color.
The porcelain of the Shunzhi period is similar to the porcelain of the Chongzhen period of the late Ming Dynasty in terms of shape, decoration, glaze color, etc., and at the same time has the characteristics of the Kangxi period.
That's why it is said that the Shunzhi period was a process of connecting the past and the next.
Next came the mid-Qing Dynasty, which was the Kangxi, Yongzong and Qianlong periods. This period was the heyday of ceramic development.
The three dynasties of Kangxi, Yongzong and Qianlong were the famous "Kangxi and Qianlong prosperous times" in history. Regardless of whether this prosperous age was true or not, it was just because of the political stability and economic prosperity at that time that the development of ceramics also entered its heyday.
The ceramics of the Kangxi period were one of the focuses of jdz ceramics in the Qing Dynasty.
In terms of glaze color, decoration, painting and other aspects, porcelain production during the Kangxi period was at a high level.
Among them, "emerald hair color" and "sapphire blue" are the best.
If you want to imitate the porcelain of the third and third dynasties of the Qing Dynasty, you must not miss some particularly important varieties, among which there must be Cuimao Blue.
Therefore, the development of porcelain during the Kangxi period occupies an important position in the development of porcelain in the entire Qing Dynasty.
There are many types of Kangxi porcelain, with simple shapes and thick bodies. Utensils of the same size are heavier than those from other periods.
The main colors are red, yellow, green, purple, blue, black, etc. Blue and white are rarely used.
In later works, the characters' faces are only outlined and not filled with color.
By the Yongzheng period, porcelain production reached its highest level in history.
Although this period was not long, after all, it was during Yongzheng's reign, the porcelain produced was extremely exquisite, and the overall style was light, handsome, elegant and rounded.
During the Yongzheng period, compared with official kilns, private kilns also produced many well-made porcelains.
Such as "pastel color", "doucai", "blue and white", "color glaze", etc.
During the Yongzheng period, very few of the most precious official kiln works have been handed down to the world.
Yongzheng porcelain is the most delicate and clean among the porcelains of the Qing Dynasty, which is inseparable from the hobby of Emperor Yongzheng, the ruler at that time.
The porcelain body of the Yongzheng period is extremely thin, slightly light cyan and translucent when viewed from Yangon.
The Qianlong period was the peak period of social development in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, a large number of skilled craftsmen gathered in the imperial kiln factory, which made the level of porcelain firing in the Qianlong Dynasty improve.
During this period, official kiln porcelain was famous for its rich and colorful varieties and exquisite production.
Among pastel porcelain, color ground pastels are produced more often than white ground pastels.
Finally, there was the late Qing Dynasty, which was the period of decline after Jiaqing.
After Jiaqing, the Qing Dynasty's national power gradually declined, and the development of porcelain also entered a period of relative decline.
The quality, quantity, and variety of porcelain at this time began to slowly decline from this period.
At this time, porcelain manufacturing did not dare to go beyond half a step, there was no innovation, and the variety was far less rich than during the Qianlong period.
During the Xianfeng and Tongzhi periods, the social economy of the Qing Dynasty gradually declined, and the production of Jingzhen Guanyao also declined, the craftsmanship became inferior, and the products became much less.
After the "Tongguang ZTE", the social economy rebounded, and the ceramic industry also experienced a very short-lived revival, but it was no longer the same as the Kangxi, Yongzong and Qianlong periods.
If we really want to talk about the artistic achievements of Qing Dynasty porcelain, it means that Qing Dynasty porcelain not only continued the traditional porcelain style, but also made a lot of innovations based on it.
No matter in terms of shape, decoration or technique, it has reached new heights.
And it integrated the Western style of the time, and finally achieved world-renowned artistic achievements.
At that time, Jingzhen Guanyao porcelain represented the highest level of porcelain in my country and even the world.
In terms of technology, the ceramics of the Qing Dynasty were exquisite and exquisite, with no expense spared and meticulous workmanship. The firing process was the pinnacle of history.
In terms of art, Qing Dynasty ceramics are outstanding in all aspects such as vessel shape and decoration, and have quite a wealth of decorative themes.
In order to cater to the aesthetic taste of the ruling class, these patterns mostly contain auspicious and wishful content.
For example, animal patterns include dragon patterns and phoenix patterns that symbolize the royal family, auspicious unicorns, auspicious beasts, etc.;
Among the plant patterns, there are peonies, chrysanthemums, peach blossoms, lotus flowers, etc.
These gorgeous and exquisite patterns not only reflect the aesthetics of the time, but are also full of the traditional beauty of our country, providing modern design with elements rich in "Chinese style".
It can be said that Qing Dynasty ceramics were the pinnacle of ceramic craftsmanship in my country's feudal society.
Whether in terms of decoration or practicality, many of its essences have been passed down to this day.
From complex patterns to classic shapes, many shapes are still in use today.
And it has been continuously innovated, laying a solid foundation for the modern ceramic industry.