Throughout the Ming and Qing dynasties, cloisonné enamel painting makers have passed it down orally from generation to generation, and it has been passed down to this day.
In the past, filigree enamel was mostly used on utensils, but with the advancement of skills, different production methods have evolved.
One of them, the flat filigree enamel glaze art that combines calligraphy and painting, is also quietly emerging.
This art is called cloisonné enamel painting, which is cloisonné painting.
Cloisonné enamel painting is a special painting art form that transplants enamel techniques to the drawing board.
Its main materials are imitation gold wire and enamel glaze.
This art form not only breaks through the limitation that cloisonné can only be attached to a copper body, but also extends the enamel technique to a flat carrier and creates a three-dimensional effect.
It has high ornamental value, collection value and humanistic value.
The core process of filigree enamel painting is filigree and blue dot.
On the basis of hand-making according to the ancient methods of the imperial court of Ming and Qing Dynasties, it combines modern oil painting, color inlay and other Chinese and Western expression techniques.
Made from alloy wire and natural mineral gem powder, it is purely handmade.
It is produced through hundreds of complicated processes such as design, tracing, filigree, blue dotting, and cover.
The technique of making filigree enamel paintings originates from the two major techniques of cloisonné and filigree inlay among the "Eight Wonders of Yanjing" which are well-known at home and abroad.
You must know that the eight treasures of Yanjing are not simple, they all belong to the ranks of intangible cultural heritage.
Among my country's national intangible cultural heritage, "Yanjing Eight Wonders" are well-known stunts.
It refers to the eight unique skills that were gradually formed after the Qing Dynasty came to an end, and the craftsmen of the Qing Palace's Internal Affairs Office dispersed among the people.
There are 8 unique skills including gold lacquer inlay, filigree inlay, cloisonné, ivory carving, jade carving, carved lacquer, Beijing embroidery and palace carpet.
Among them, the skill that Chen Wenzhe had skipped before was jade carving, and he only knew a little bit about the others.
This time, he continued to study cloisonné craftsmanship, or in other words, cloisonné enamel craftsmanship, so as to learn these eight unique skills from the palace.
It is not difficult to learn this technique, because now someone has brought together eight kinds of powerful tools.
The most important thing is that there are detailed records inside the Sui Marquis Pearl.
These expensive materials, complex and delicate craftsmanship, and unusually gorgeous palace weapons are gathered in the Yanjing Eight Jue Museum.
The Eight Arts of Yanjing can be said to have fully absorbed the essence of folk crafts from various places, created a new peak of traditional Chinese crafts, and gradually formed the characteristics of "Beijing" palace art.
In 2010, inheritors of the eight major skills of Yanjing's Eight Skills joined hands for the first time to establish the "Yanjing Eight Skills Art Museum" at Cheng'en Temple, a thousand-year-old temple located in SJS District.
In 2020, the art museum was upgraded to the "Yanjing Eight Wonders Museum" and will be officially opened to the public in 2021.
This intangible cultural heritage themed museum has a collection of more than 400 pieces (sets) of the "Eight Wonders of Yanjing" wood carvings, root carvings and other fine arts.
What is particularly worth mentioning is that the museum adheres to the concept of "living inheritance" of intangible cultural heritage, and based on the strategic concept of building a "contemporary manufacturing office", it gradually builds a studio cluster of Yanjing's eight masters.
They combine the beauty of royal architecture with the exquisite palace skills of the Eight Wonders of Yanjing to create a high-end platform that focuses on displaying the national intangible cultural heritage project "Eight Wonders of Yanjing".
If you are an ordinary person, seeing these masters working together is just a fun experience.
However, in the eyes of Sui Houzhu, the situation is different. It can record all the stunts from beginning to end through backtracking.
Moreover, the records are detailed and even record a lot of video materials that have disappeared in the long river of history. These are all experiences, and they are all real inheritance without any hidden secrets.
For example, what Chen Wenzhe is looking at now is the craftsmanship of gold lacquer inlay.
In this museum, the audience can not only appreciate the eight unique palace art masterpieces of Yanjing in the museum, but also taste and experience the intangible cultural heritage skills in the master's studio.
If Chen Wenzhe wants to make filigree enamelware, he must learn filigree inlay, but this technique is not so easy to learn.
If you want to learn, you must have channels, because in the Yanjing Eight Skills Museum, there is a display of this unique skill.
Every time the museum opens, in the master studio behind the exhibition hall, the representative inheritor of the national intangible cultural heritage gold lacquer inlay painting technique will produce some works.
The video Chen Wenzhe is watching now is of a master making a cabinet door.
He used the "flat gold and black" technique in the gold lacquer inlay painting technique, where gold foil was attached to the lacquer object.
This technique has always been used by the royal family and was quite mature in the Yuan Dynasty.
The Paint Bureau of the Yuan Dynasty, the Orchard Factory of the Ming Dynasty, and the Manufacturing Office of the Internal Affairs Office of the Qing Palace all laid a solid technical foundation for the development of lacquerware in Shendu.
Due to the noble temperament and unique beauty of lacquer, some areas also call lacquerware jinlacquer, and lacquerware decorated with lacquerware is called jinlacquerware.
The combination of lacquer and gold, such as tracing gold, pasting gold, gilding, searching for gold, sweeping gold, sprinkling gold, removing gold, etc., also strengthens people's awareness of lacquer as gold lacquer;
Many techniques on it, such as tracing gold, pasting gold, sweeping gold, sprinkling gold, and polishing gold, can also be used on porcelain, especially on gorgeous cloisonné.
When doing "inlay" decoration technology on "gold paint", the combination of the two techniques is called "gold paint inlay".
Inlay technology can definitely be used on cloisonné enamelware, and it is widely used.
In terms of materials, there are jade inlays, colored stone inlays, mother-of-pearl inlays, and treasure inlays.
The pendant made by Chen Wenzhe before was inlaid with red agate stone. This is colored stone inlay!
In terms of technology, there are flat inlays, straight inlays and three-dimensional inlays.
If it is on woodenware, this kind of craftsmanship can be expressed in more forms.
It is molded with a wooden body and painted, and then the decorative techniques such as inlaying, carving and filling, color filling, ancient overcoating, carving with gray, flat gold and color, broken grain, carving, gold and silver, and overcoating are used on the paint base.
There are thousands of types including chariots and horses, ceremonial guards, royal utensils, screens, plaques, tables, chairs and trays.
These techniques can be used individually or comprehensively. There is me in you, you in me, and the artistic expression techniques are rich and colorful.
The Shendu gold lacquer inlay directly inherits the production techniques of palace lacquerware.
And through continuous innovation and improvement, it has gradually formed a bj style with fine workmanship, solid quality, wide variety and elegant style.
In recent years, Yanjing Bajue Museum has held more than 100 "Yanjing Bajue Cheng'en Cultural Instruction Lecture Hall", bringing skill performances into the community.
At the same time, the museum cooperates with the Yanjing Eight Jue Association and works with many arts and crafts masters to promote the Yanjing Eight Jue palace culture.
They went to many countries and regions and promoted the excellent traditional Chinese culture represented by the Eight Wonders of Yanjing on a wider scale.
It is also because of this that the Pearl of Sui Marquis in Chen Wenzhe's hand has the opportunity to use his ability to trace back all the skills of the eight masters of Yanjing, right?