Chapter 1,477 Three-layer casting is a national weapon
A scholar of humanities and sociology in the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasty Project was the first to be the chief scientist of a national-level project in our country, which is of great significance in itself.
Finally, high-standard projects and extensive academic discussions, especially large publicity efforts, are of immeasurable significance in popularizing history, archaeology and other knowledge.
Not to mention anything else, for example, what did the Xia Dynasty we know so well look like and what emperors did it have?
Many people must not have known this before, but after the chronological project, the chronology of the Xia Dynasty came out.
Anyone who cares about this will know.
The first king of the Xia Dynasty must be Yu the Great who controlled the floods.
According to the study of chronological engineering, the Xia Dynasty since Yu was Qi, Taikang, Zhongkang, Xiang, Shaokang, Yu, Huai, Mang, Xie, Bujiang, Ji, Ji, Kongjia, Gao, Fa and Jie.
From 2070 BC to 1600 BC, Xia Qi established the country, with a total of 14 generations and 17 kings, a total of 470 years.
Among them, Taikang lost his country, which was Hou Yi usurping the throne!
After that, Shao Huan restored the country and revived it, and finally Xia Jie perished. It is said that it was a disaster caused by women, and Tang Shang destroyed Xia.
Chen Wenzhe saw a piece of gravel from ancient Egypt and thought of a lot.
And in the end, he actually gained something.
Looking at the last bronze that looked like He Zun, Chen Wenzhe was sure it was a Shang Zun.
Put it together with this stone slab and hide it in a basement. This is to store everyone's collection.
He sold the stone slab, but kept the merchant treasure.
However, judging from the rust of the Shang Zun, this thing should not have been unearthed for a long time.
Needless to say, this was unearthed in China, and its origin is definitely unknown.
Because bronzes of this level with very clear origins are in national museums, they are unlikely to fall into private hands.
This may be the treasure owner who did not choose to sell the Shang Zun, but instead sold this ancient Egyptian stone slab.
Chen Wenzhe really wanted to see who was so powerful that he could actually buy Shang Zun?
Although he only glanced at it a few times, based on Chen Wenzhe's level of appreciation of bronzes at this time, he was still able to recognize that this Shang Zun should be genuine.
Shang Zun is a wine container, and the one Chen Wenzhe saw was cast in the late Shang Dynasty.
This kind of treasure is not the only one. Chen Wenzhe remembers that there seems to be another one that is an old item from the Qing Dynasty and is now in the Palace Museum. That one has been passed down from generation to generation.
As for the one in front of you, you can tell at a glance that it is a fake.
If you put it in front of your eyes and smell it, the muddy smell is still there!
This bronze vessel is 45 centimeters high and 38 centimeters wide, with a large opening, wide folded shoulders and high rounded feet.
There are four three-dimensional elephant heads with horns at the four corners of the shoulders, and four dragon heads with bifurcated horns in the middle of the shoulders.
The neck is decorated with banana leaf patterns, and the shoulders and feet are decorated with bird patterns.
There are large animal-like patterns with curved horns on the abdomen and ringed feet, and the curved horns of the ringed feet are carved into the shape of a dragon.
The four corners of the vessel and the center line of each wall are equipped with ridges, and the mouth of the vessel is extravagantly protruding from the upper end, creating a solemn image.
Zuns of this level are all valuable weapons.
Chen Wenzhe was a little envious of this treasure owner. He was really lucky to get such a treasure.
However, when his eyes turned slightly, the picture he saw surprised him again, because he saw another Shang Zun.
This one is slightly different from the one just now, and it seems that it was unearthed quite a while ago, because it doesn't have the feeling of being dug into the ground.
The main thing is to look at the patina. It looks like old rust at first glance, and even has a dark and ancient feel.
This should be a Shang Zun from the early Western Zhou Dynasty. The overall shape is three-section tubular, with an extravagant mouth, a slightly bulging abdomen, and four edges cast on the four walls. The overall shape is majestic and steady.
This Western Zhou Shangzun is not very tall, only about 30 centimeters tall.
However, the weight of such a statue should not be light, it must weigh at least ten kilograms, which is more than five thousand grams.
Its diameter is not small, it should be more than 20 centimeters, because its overall shape is three-stage cylindrical.
It has a wide mouth, a slightly bulging belly, and four ridges cast on the four walls, making the whole thing majestic and steady.
The body of the vessel is decorated with all-over relief, and the outer wall of the mouth is decorated with eight banana leaves and dragon patterns.
The dragon's head is downward, its body and tail are arranged along the edge of the leaves, and its lower part is decorated with a pattern of small birds with crests and split tails.
The abdomen is decorated with a large animal face with rolled horns, and the round feet are decorated with zigzag horned animal faces.
The entire Shangzun is majestic, magnificent and gorgeous.
Looking at the craftsmanship, Chen Wenzhe can easily find that this bronze vessel has obvious traces of seams from the mouth to the bottom, and on the four edges of the door.
It can be seen from this that when the artifact was cast, the outer mold was composed of four wall molds and a bottom mold, with the edge as the boundary.
The edge of the door is not very regular and is slightly slanted, perhaps due to a slight misalignment during the fitting process.
This is a cylindrical statue. Judging from the patina on the surface, it must have been unearthed from a cellar.
The overall shape of the entire bronze vessel is in the form of a tubular three-section, with four edges evenly distributed throughout the body, a large opening, and decorated with animal face patterns.
The inner bottom is cast with an inscription of five lines and thirty-three characters. This is definitely a national artifact.
You must know that national utensils and ordinary sacrificial utensils are different.
From the performance of many subtleties, you can see what is a national weapon and what is an ordinary sacrificial vessel!
"Book of Rites" records: "The people of Yin respected the gods and led the people to serve the gods, putting ghosts first and then etiquette";
The people of the Zhou Dynasty proposed that "the destiny of heaven is impermanent, but virtue is the supplement."
Zhou Gong once said: "Whatever the people want, God will follow it."
This illustrates the major changes in bronze worship from Xia and Shang to Zhou.
The Xia and Shang dynasties paid homage to the gods, human ancestors and ghosts, while the Zhou dynasty was based on etiquette, paying homage to the ancestors at the top and praying for good weather in farming, fishing and hunting at the bottom, emphasizing people's blessings.
Therefore, the Xia emperor took the lead in worshiping bronze vessels, which were mainly three-layered.
In the Shang and Zhou dynasties, most of them only had two floors, with the third floor containing state utensils.
The sky is a round place, with sacrificial animals and fire-burning clouds in the middle.
The two layers are utensils used by princes and nobles, and they are round.
It was also because Xia was a celestial dynasty and its leader was the great emperor.
The Shang and Zhou dynasties were vassal states, and their leader was the king.
Later, Ying Zheng unified the princes again and called him the First Emperor. He was the King of Qin before that.
Qin Shihuang and Li Si were definitely two high-level Taoists, and they believed in the Dharma.
But it is not the purely royal political Taoism of Shang Yang and Han Feizi, nor the purely natural Taoism of Lao Tzu. What they believe in is the Mohist Taoism, with ghosts and gods.
Otherwise, why did Qin Shihuang ask Li Si to build him such a huge underground palace, with mercury as the river, the imperial mausoleum with the bright lanterns as the sun, moon and stars, and the vast underground terracotta warriors and horses?
He also asked Xu Fu to find the elixir of immortality for him, and killed all the Confucian scholars who made irresponsible remarks.
It is said that after the ceremony of offering sacrifices to heaven on Mount Tai, the coffin of Confucius was dug up.
When the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is excavated, the history of science and technology in our country, and even the history of science and technology in the world, will be rewritten.
Our country’s pre-Qin civilization was unimaginably advanced.
Therefore, the Great Pyramid of Egypt, Mayan palaces, temples in Western Asia, Stonehenge in various places, etc., these incredible buildings cannot be built by aliens.
Perhaps, this was built by the Chinese ancestors, because at that time they were the only ones with super and unparalleled technological means to build it!