The difference between blue and white halo is easy to distinguish as long as you know the industry.
In the Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, blue and white pigments contained more calcium.
This allows the anorthite crystals on the reaction layer to develop particularly well.
Therefore, the high-temperature viscosity of the glaze near the reaction layer is reduced and the fluidity is improved.
This is conducive to the diffusion of colorants from colored areas to non-colored areas, resulting in haloing.
On the contrary, there are no blue and white flowers in the late Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty.
In the process of identifying blue and white flowers, not only can we see the different blue and white production techniques and different blue and white color materials from the halo of the blue and white flowers, but we can also initially identify the approximate age of the blue and white flowers.
Chen Wenzhe was very familiar with this thing, so he just paid a little attention and passed by it.
He still remembered that what was being made at this time was not Yuan blue and white porcelain, but yellow glazed porcelain.
Compared with doucai, Chenghua's yellow glaze is definitely not as good as Hongzhi's.
However, the Hongzhi yellow glaze was also inherited from the Chenghua period.
Therefore, as long as the Hongzhi classic yellow glaze porcelain is imitated, then there is absolutely no problem in imitating the chemical yellow glaze.
Of course, no matter which dynasty it is from, as long as it is an official kiln vessel, it is not easy to imitate it.
For example, the Hongzhi Guan Kiln is famous because of its unique characteristics.
However, they can be regarded as descendants of the same blood, and naturally they have something in common.
For example, the porcelains of the Hongzhi Dynasty are relatively close to those of Chenghua in terms of shape and decorative style, and they are known as "Chenghua" and "Chenghua".
A slight change is that the types of cutters in Hongzhi are richer than those in Chenghua.
During the Hongzhi period, new utensils such as animal-ear bottles and gourd bottles appeared.
These new types of utensils have a solid shape and are not as delicate as the Chenghua utensils.
The number of thin and small utensils like those in Chenghua has been greatly reduced, and the craftsmanship is not as exquisite as in Chenghua.
However, the outstanding representatives of Hongzhi Guan kiln - yellow glaze and yellow glaze blue and white wares, can be called the most famous color glaze varieties among Ming Dynasty porcelain.
The yellow glaze firing during the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty reached the highest level in the history of low-temperature yellow glaze.
Moreover, Hongzhi pour-yellow porcelain was specially made for the palace.
No matter how big or small the utensils are, everything is exquisite.
Therefore, Hongzhi porcelain became one of the six most valuable types of porcelain in the Ming Dynasty.
These six precious types of wares are Hongwu underglaze red, Yongle sweet white, Yongxuan blue and white, Xuande five colors, Chenghua doucai, and Hongzhi watering yellow.
Judging from the firing process, fired vessel type, and firing quantity, it is a model for the yellow glaze wares of the Ming Dynasty.
At this time, the yellow glaze is applied on white-glazed porcelain or plain-fired porcelain by pouring glaze, which is called "pour yellow".
Also known as "delicate yellow" or "chicken fat yellow" because of its delicate, elegant glaze color, which is as bright as chicken fat, it has become one of the most famous ceramic varieties among Hongzhi's monochromatic glazes.
The delicate yellow glaze has a firing temperature between 850-900℃, and its stability is higher than other low-temperature glazes.
The transparency is relatively high, allowing the patterns engraved on the tire to appear through the glaze layer.
In recent years, the price of yellow-glazed porcelain has skyrocketed, and it has become highly prized.
In particular, Hongzhi Jiao Huang Glaze, which represents the highest level of yellow glaze porcelain, is even more valuable.
First, Hongye's delicate yellow glaze porcelain has a regular shape, fine and clean trimming, and a white glaze base.
In the early stage, it is the same as Chenghua white glaze. In the middle stage, it turns gray, and in the later stage, it becomes cyan, which is consistent with the bright cyan color of Zhengde.
Second, the bottoms of the Hongzhi blue and white porcelain dishes all have a concave phenomenon, while the later imitations mostly have flat bottoms.
The soles of Hongzhi's utensils are low and the ring feet are smooth, while those imitated later have slightly higher soles.
Third, the three points of water in the word "zhi" in the inscription are generally lower than the character "Tai" in the real thing, while the three points of water in the later imitations are flush with the word "Tai".
Fourth, the chicken-fat yellow color of Hongzhi yellow glaze is extremely difficult to imitate.
The Hongye yellow glaze was glazed twice, both of which were very fine. The edges where the edges meet the white glaze or the white body are neat and natural, while later imitations tend to be more rigid.
It is yellowish white when it is formed, and becomes dark yellow in the later stage.
After Hongzhi, yellow glazes were produced in all dynasties. The Zhengde Dynasty inherited the tradition of Hongzhi, but the yellow color was heavier, giving people a sense of maturity and prudentness.
The yellow glaze of the Jiajing Dynasty ranges from light to dark yellow, and the glaze surface seems to be uneven.
It may be the glaze applied by the brush rubbing method. There are also cases where the glaze is even and smooth. It is probably the glaze applied by the blowing glaze method.
During the Jiajing period, it was customary to paint red color on yellow glaze and yellow color on low-temperature red glaze.
Some yellow-glazed vessels have yellow glaze on the bottom, and they are all engraved with official inscriptions.
Few Wanli yellow glaze wares have been handed down from generation to generation, most of which are bowls. The yellow color is deep and no longer delicate.
During the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty, the Jiaohuang glaze was bright, elegant and pleasing to the eye, and was recognized as the highest level in history. Compared with the Jiaohuang glaze during the Xuande period, it was more refined and oily.
Moreover, the firing process is extremely demanding, and subsequent imitations simply cannot reach the standards of Hongzhi's time.
It can be said that it is unprecedented and unprecedented, so Hongzhi Jiao Yellow Glaze undoubtedly represents the highest level of yellow glaze porcelain!
Among the yellow-glazed porcelain of various dynasties in the Ming Dynasty, the Hongzhi period is the best.
Therefore, in the history of ceramics, it is often regarded as a typical example of yellow glaze in the Ming Dynasty, and is called "Hongzhi Jiaohuang".
Its artistic achievements are the result of the peak period of craftsmanship and technology based on the continuous exploration of firing techniques by the imperial kilns of the Ming Dynasty.
Since yellow glaze is the most strictly controlled glaze color by the royal family, especially during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was mostly supplied exclusively to the royal family by the imperial kilns.
Therefore, it has a distinguished status and is an important variety of porcelain in imperial kilns.
Hongzhi yellow glaze is mostly applied on plates and bowls.
The circle foot is shorter than that of Xuande and Chenghua.
And moving toward the bottom of the vessel, there is often a lighter flint red color at the intersection of the body glaze.
In addition, the bottoms of plates and bowls often have irregular concave shapes.
According to Mr. Feng Xianming's research, there is another obvious difference between Hongzhi yellow glaze and later imitations.
That is the three-dot water next to the character "zhi" in the six-character Hongzhi yellow glaze model, which is significantly lower than the character "台".
In fact, these are not the most important things in imitation.
The most important thing is that there are some unique ingredients in Hongzhi yellow glaze ware.
Whether you want to imitate or not, you will know from this unique ingredient!
Let's talk about the glaze color of Hongzhi porcelain. If you look at it under a magnifying glass, you can see the oblique pattern of your porcelain.
Why does this happen? That's the reason for the unique glaze recipe.
It can also be seen from this that a certain proportion of agate powder must be incorporated into the glaze.
Since glazing is a casting method, the phenomenon of glaze accumulation must exist.
Due to the superposition effect of colored glazes, the accumulated glaze appears reddish-yellow.
Although Hongzhi's model is blue and white, perhaps due to chemical reactions, the color of the model on the yellow pouring vessel is the same as the malachite green blue and white, showing a dark blue of black.
Because Hongzhi's glaze is extremely fine, the style and color not only do not sink, but will swell up.
Hongzhi pouring yellow is a low-temperature device, but Hongzhi Daqi also has a high-temperature device.
However, the yellow color of the high-temperature device has a reddish tint, and it is also extremely valuable.
Hongzhi's yellow-glazed green dragon wares are also very valuable and unique in style.
Because Hongzhi's fetus is fine-grained and blended with a variety of precious stones and other precious elements, even though it is extremely thin, it must sound like metal when struck.
Hongzhi's yellow watering vessel, the yellow color of the former dynasties and later generations, is Hongzhi's delicate and pleasant color.
True or false, this dynasty is still a tool for later imitation. As long as it is put together, there is no need to say anything, and it will come to its own conclusion.