Chapter 1,546 The Hongwu Year System of the Ming Dynasty
Chen Wenzhe is already very familiar with the various characteristics of Yuan blue and white.
What he wants to figure out more now is the binary formula, and where to get Ma Cang soil and Suma Liqing.
He has been studying these for a long time. If he wants to make some exquisite blue and white porcelain this time, he has to slowly explore the craftsmanship from the beginning to the present.
Therefore, he will not simply imitate Yuan Qinghua.
During the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the Tang and Song dynasties were the pioneering periods, and the technology was not very good.
The Yuan Dynasty was a period of development and growth, as well as a period of fame.
The Ming Dynasty was the period when blue and white porcelain reached its peak. The Yongle and Xuande periods of the Ming Dynasty were the peak of the development of blue and white porcelain, which was famous for its exquisite production.
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The official kiln porcelain of this period was rigorously made and exquisite;
Folk kiln wares are casual, free and easy, and the pictures are highly expressive.
Starting from the late Ming Dynasty, blue and white painting gradually absorbed some elements of Chinese painting techniques.
The blue and white wares of the early Ming Dynasty, that is, the Hongwu Dynasty, included large and small plates, bowls, plum vases, jade pots and spring vases, etc.
The green materials used are mainly domestic materials, and a small amount of imported materials are not excluded.
Some blue and white hair colors are bluish, and some are gray.
Part of the former has a halo phenomenon.
The decorative layout still has the legacy of multi-layer decoration in the Yuan Dynasty, and the theme has not changed much, but many details have changed:
For example, the middle stem of the banana leaf is left white, and the white edges of the petals are more obvious and clear than in the Yuan Dynasty;
The "notched" parts of the peony leaves are deeper and not as plump as those of the Yuan Dynasty;
The chrysanthemum is painted as a "flat chrysanthemum", and the flower core is represented by a checkered pattern;
The dragon pattern still has a slender body, but in addition to three or four claws, there are now five claws. The claws are shaped like a wind wheel, and their momentum is not as fierce and vigorous as the Yuanlong.
The Ruyi cloud head as an auxiliary decoration was changed from the third-order cloud in the Yuan Dynasty to the second-order cloud;
The lotus petal pattern is mostly painted with eight Buddhist treasures, and the Yuan Dynasty is mostly painted with Taoist miscellaneous treasures.
Bowls and small plates are often painted with cloud patterns, which are only painted on the upper half of the outer wall of the vessel.
The bottoms of the utensils are mostly flat-cut, and the sand bottoms are unglazed and show kiln red.
In addition to other characteristics, among the blue and white porcelain of the early Ming Dynasty, or the official kiln porcelain, no year mark appears, and there are very few utensils with the mark.
Of course, this is not so absolute, especially things from the Hongwu period.
Is there any knowledge of the "Hongwu Year System of the Ming Dynasty"? It is still difficult to determine until now.
Chen Wenzhe has never seen it, so he is naturally not sure.
However, he knew that there was indeed such porcelain on the market.
Especially the underglaze red porcelain with the mark of the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, such as an eight-sided plum vase.
The decorations, paintings, glazes, etc. on it all have the characteristics of the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty.
Moreover, after polishing, it was found that the color of the tire is red. So is this porcelain a new imitation?
Many experts have said categorically that this is a new imitation and fake.
Why? This kind of marking has never been found in previous archaeological excavations.
Especially in major domestic museums, there are no antiques that can be confirmed to be porcelain made in the Hongwu period.
But, just because it has never been discovered, does that mean there is none?
So, how can you imitate it to that extent?
Especially after turning on the light, the tire will turn red, which is a characteristic of Asakura soil.
How to explain this? There is no way to explain it.
Therefore, at present, it can only be said that the writing of inscriptions on Qingguan kiln porcelain started from Yongle.
Although official kilns were set up in the second year of Hongwu's reign, official archaeological discoveries of Hongwu's official kiln porcelain have not found any of them with inscriptions.
Therefore, if you see porcelain with the words "Made in the Hongwu Year of the Ming Dynasty" or "Made in the Hongwu Year of the Ming Dynasty", many experts today will think that it must be an imitation. This has become a rule.
Of course, there should be very few imitators of such obviously controversial porcelain.
Therefore, there are very few such things that can appear on the market!
There is another way of saying this kind of porcelain.
That is to say, the glaze was not made from official kilns, especially celadon glaze, which is the most difficult to produce, so it is not from the Hongwu period, but from the later private kilns.
It's just a coincidence that porcelain made in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty is rare in the market now, but it's not rare, and there are more than one or two.
I mentioned a red underglaze eight-sided plum vase before, but in addition, there is also an underglaze red plum vase with dragon pattern made in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty.
If this piece is authentic, then it is the most unique and mysterious Hongwu Guan kiln porcelain in the world.
Have you ever seen a porcelain piece covered with orbs?
This sentence is the classic shape of this underglaze red dragon pattern plum vase.
When this piece of porcelain appeared in the industry, many experts conducted appraisals on the entire porcelain.
The bottle mouth, neck, glaze, painting, ring foot, bottom, and special phenomena inside the glaze were all carefully identified.
The last special phenomenon mentioned is various colored orbs and aged glaze bubbles.
They conducted an all-round and multi-angle appraisal of these phenomena.
No big problem was found in this way, so what can I say?
This so-called plum vase with underglaze red dragon pattern made in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty has six unique features.
The first unique feature is definitely the only porcelain discovered so far with the official kiln model "Made in the Hongwu Year of the Ming Dynasty".
There are no data reports on such porcelain, and all books and experts say that there is no official kiln-style porcelain made in the Hongwu Year of the Ming Dynasty.
Therefore, if this plum vase is authentic, then it is a unique piece of official kiln porcelain made in the Hongwu Year of the Ming Dynasty.
There may be folk porcelain of the official kiln type "made in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty", which may not necessarily be plum vases, but it has not been discovered so far.
These are all assumptions, just listen to them because Chen Wenzhe has never seen them.
Other features are the focus, such as the second unique feature, which is the dragon with extra-large nostrils and the three-dimensional painting technique.
This kind of dragon pattern and highly three-dimensional cloud pattern are unique among all dragon pattern porcelain!
The third unique feature is that most of the glaze layers during the Hongwu period were devitrified glazes with thick glaze juice, grayish white, and slightly bluish color, but the jade texture was strong.
The glaze layer of this plum vase is very special. The glaze juice is thick, fragrant gray and white with a slight greenish yellow color. The glaze layer is devitrified and lacks the texture of jade.
This kind of glaze has never been seen before, it is unique!
The fourth unique feature is: there are gold, copper, silver, green, blue, blue-black, and black beads in the glaze layer.
The simultaneous appearance of beads of various colors is a unique and strange phenomenon in the world of porcelain.
The fifth unique feature is: there are gem-like crystal clear beads in the glaze layer, which is a unique and strange phenomenon.
The sixth unique feature is: aging glaze bubbles with different expression forms and rich varieties.
If we say that the unique characteristics of the second, third, fourth and fifth are the products of modern people’s imagination.
Since it is a fiction, it is naturally unique and can be established.
But what about the sixth feature? There are a wide variety of aged glaze bubbles in different shapes.
This is not simple. Even if it is old, it is difficult to create such bubbles in the glaze.