Finally, let’s talk about the whereabouts of Emperor Jianwen. After Zhu Yunwen, Emperor Jianwen of the Ming Dynasty, was defeated and left the palace, his whereabouts have always been a mystery.
Recently, an ancient tomb with a royal aura was discovered in Shangjinbei Village in the Ningde area of Hu Jian.
Experts and scholars inside and outside the province believe that Emperor Jianwen was defeated in the "Battle of Jingnan" and fled after burning the palace, and finally fled to eastern Fujian.
Scholars who have studied the ancient tombs in Shangjinbei Village, Ningde, believe that the tombs discovered in Shangjinbei Village may be the tomb of Emperor Jianwen that historians have been searching for for 600 years.
There are many versions of the folk legend that Emperor Jianwen hid himself after the Jingnan Campaign.
As for whether this ancient tomb is the tomb of Emperor Jianwen, it cannot be confirmed now.
What is certain now is that Emperor Jianwen's imperial journey will come to an end in four years.
As an emperor, he was too kind and sometimes even indecisive.
If he is allowed to be a minister, I believe he can love the people like a son and be a breeze.
But being an emperor is different. The emperor is destined to be inseparable from blood. He must eliminate dissidents and establish imperial authority.
If he cannot do this, the emperor will eventually be eliminated by history. Emperor Jianwen is such a tragic figure.
So what happened after Emperor Jianwen? As the winner, what did Zhu Di do after he came to power?
The year number and date of the official kiln porcelain of the Yongle Dynasty of the Ming Dynasty is also a big issue today.
Speaking of porcelain, the imperial porcelain produced by the Jingzhen Royal Kiln Factory during this period is relatively unique in terms of official kiln designation.
For example, Yongle blue and white porcelain generally does not have the official kiln designation.
At present, only the Ming Dynasty Yongle blue and white pressed hand cup collected by the Palace Museum in Shendu has a four-character seal script inscription "Yongle Year System" on the inside.
This is the only type of Yongle blue and white porcelain with a mark.
According to the "Museum Essentials" written by Gu Yingtai in the late Ming Dynasty, it is recorded: "The hand cup was made in the Yongle year, with a flat mouth, a folded waist, a sandy foot and a slippery bottom, with two lions and rolling balls painted in the center... This is the top grade, and the mandarin duck heart cup is second.
, those who are philandering are the next best thing.”
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The collections of the National Palace Museum in Shendu can mutually corroborate with documentary records.
And through this sentence, those who want to imitate Yongle blue and white ware should know that the Yongle blue and white double lion rolling ball hand cup should be the most valuable.
However, Chen Wenzhe, who wanted to imitate as many porcelains as possible, knew better that he could also imitate Yuanyang pressed hand cups and Huaxin pressed hand cups.
Don't think that someone in the Ming Dynasty said which kind of porcelain is good, but it has been passed down to this day and it is still the best.
Just like in hand-pressed cups, there are very few Yuanyang pictures.
Even in the old collection of the Forbidden City, the capital of China, there is a lack of mandarin duck pictures. Today, the only ones that can be seen are the Wanli imitation of the Ming Dynasty and the Kangxi imitation of the Qing Dynasty.
Therefore, even among the grades of the Ming Dynasty, it is not as good as the double lion rolling ball style hand cup.
But now, it is even more precious because it is rarer.
After all, they are all official kiln wares, and the quality is not much different. The reason why there are grades is just because the palace masters have different preferences.
Of course, there is also a reason for class division. No matter how it is divided, lions have a higher level than mandarin ducks.
It should be noted that in the 1980s, in order to produce high imitation utensils, Jingzhen conducted careful measurements and research on the weight, carcass thickness and craftsmanship of the Ming and Yongle blue and white hand cups collected in the Forbidden City. The imitations were quite realistic. .
However, there are still some gaps between the imitations and the genuine ones in aspects such as the appearance of the logo and the blue and white hair color.
In the past decade or so, the imitations produced have become even worse.
Among modern imitations, blue and white porcelain imitating the four-character seal script of "Yongle Year System" is more common.
The types of utensils include bottles, cans, plates, and bowls. Counterfeit models are usually written in blue and white on the bottom of the utensils.
Some have the seal script "Yongle Year System" written horizontally in blue and white on the shoulder of the bottle, with a single or double frame on the outside;
Some have a blue and white fire bead pattern painted on the bottom of the vessel, with fake inscriptions written in the center of the fire bead pattern.
If one does not understand the characteristics of Yongle blue and white, it will be very easy for such fabricated products to look real if they are aged.
In addition to the particularity of the blue and white markings on Yongle official kiln models, judging from the handed down products, there are also carved and stenciled underglaze dark patterns on the bodies of Yongle white or red glaze porcelain.
Such porcelains are all inscribed with the four-character seal script "Made in the Yongle Year".
The font strokes are thick and round, and the structure is rigorous.
It often appears under the glaze of sweet white glazed porcelain and red glazed porcelain, and is a special mark of the Yongle period.
It should be noted that there is a common type of so-called sweet white glaze dark flower thin body porcelain on the market, which is often engraved with cloud, dragon, and cloud and phoenix patterns.
The bottom of the vessel is engraved with the four-character seal script inscription "Yongle Year System", and some are also engraved with the character "天" secretly.
This kind of white glaze thin-bodied porcelain has an extremely thin body, as if it were half-born.
It is thinner than the Ming Dynasty Yongle sweet white glaze ware, the Ming Cheng Hua doucai ware, and the Qing Kangxi colorful Twelve Flower God Cup.
Before Chen Wenzhe made thin-bodied porcelain, he specialized in this technology.
Generally speaking, this kind of thin-bodied porcelain has a fine white texture, and the patterns are very clear when viewed through a light source.
Many collectors mistake this type of artifact for Ming Yongle sweet white glaze ware, which is very wrong.
In fact, there are many fictitious antiques nowadays, such as the fictitious "Yongle Year" style bowl with red underglaze and entwined flower patterns.
If you want to collect them, you need to pay attention to several common fake products with the "Yongle" designation.
One is an underglaze red bowl with intertwining branches and floral patterns, with the inscription "Yongle Year Made" in underglaze red seal script on the inside of the bowl.
The glaze of this small bowl is very shiny!
In fact, judging from the excavation data of the imperial kiln factory of the Ming Dynasty, the underglaze red porcelain of the Yongle period was still very immature, and the handed down products are extremely rare.
Another kind of fictitious product often contains words and phrases such as "reward", "imperial gift" and "imperial gift", and is faked as a reward from the royal family.
This is even more deceptive to collectors who do not understand the characteristics of Yongle porcelain.
The Neon Osaka Municipal Museum of Oriental Art has two Ming Yongle white-glazed plum vases in its collection.
On the shoulder of the bottle are the words "Neifu" written in blue and white. The writing is sparse and clear, and it is ancient and vigorous. It was an imperial vessel of the Yongle period.
Judging from the information currently available, there are only two similar utensils in China.
One is from the Shendu Literary Research Institute, which excavated a white-glazed plum vase with the inscription "Neifu" in Ming Dynasty in Dianhai.
Another case is that in the 1990s, a collector from Shendu purchased a white-glazed plum vase with the "Neifu" inscription from the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty in Xiangjiang.
However, these two utensils do not have blue and white bottle caps.
It is because the Imperial Household Office of the Ming Dynasty once exported plum vases like this to foreign countries, so now there are fake "Neifu" white-glazed eight-sided plum vases with dark dragon patterns on the market.
In today's market, especially in the high-end market, it cannot be said that it is common, but it is still very possible to see similar imitations occasionally.
As long as you carefully study the characteristics of Yongle's sweet white glaze and blue and white hair color, it is not difficult to distinguish the authenticity of this kind of imitation.
Newly imitated artifacts, as well as blue-glazed and red-glazed plum vases with the words "Neifu" and "Privy House" written in white on the shoulders, are all fictitious artifacts.
Both Yongle and Xuande blue and white porcelain are good.
However, people in the industry who are not extremely professional have no idea how high the level of blue and white porcelain from these two periods was.