By the Hongzhi period, the early-stage utensils were roughly the same as those of Chenghua, and even more delicate and softer than Chenghua.
In the later period, it was close to the Zhengde ware.
The mosaic and leaf patterns are fine and dense, the Sanskrit patterns increase, the dragon pattern is slender and soft, and the characters are free and easy.
The inscription has six characters, and the inscription has four characters in regular script.
Zhengde still uses domestic materials, using Pingpingqingqing in the early stage, and the hair color is gray-blue.
In the late stage, Huiqing was started to be used, and some fainted.
The shape, texture and enamel of the vessel are close to those of Hongzhi, with dense bubbles.
Deep-belly bowls and bowls with seats are popular.
In the later period, large tools are more common.
The common decorations include phoenixes wearing flowers, fish and algae, lion hydrangeas, garden babies playing, trees and stone railings, lotus holders with eight treasures, etc. The paintings are thicker than those of Hongzhi.
The bottom of the bowl and plate is scratched, and the bottom of the bowl appears at the bottom of the chicken's heart.
The bottom of the vessel often shows kiln red, sticky sand, jumping knife marks and other phenomena.
There are four-character and six-character regular script inscriptions for the year, and the word "zao" is used in some cases.
After Zhengde, it was the late Ming Dynasty.
Among the three dynasties of Jiajing, Longqing and Wanli, Jiajing lasted the longest, so the colors of the utensils from this dynasty were different.
The early ones are similar to Zhengde wares, with gray-blue hair color.
But the unique feature of this period is the use of green material.
In addition to traditional decorations that are still popular, Taoist-colored decorations have increased significantly.
Such as Yunhe, Eight Immortals, Bagua, Taoist Eight Treasures, etc.
The flower group characters are unique patterns, and there are also Yingxi, Gaoshi, fish and algae pictures, etc.
The doll's head in the baby play picture has a prominent forehead.
The body and glaze are fine for small ones, thick for large ones, and more for large ones.
Octagonal, square, hexagonal, gourd bottles with a round top and a bottom are common.
The chao bead box is a unique type of vessel for this dynasty.
Both "Zhi" and "Zhao" are used in the designation, with the word "Zhi" being the most common.
The inscription on the bottom of the vessel reads "Jinlu Dajiao Altar Use", indicating that it is a sacrificial vessel.
There are also famous halls such as Dongshutang and Dongluo Hall.
Due to the short period of the Longqing Dynasty, there were few utensils, large ones, and even fewer with year marks.
The green material is made of recycled green, which is stable and pure in color, with a hint of purple in the blue, not as purple as the Jiajing ware.
The decoration is similar to that of the Jiajing Dynasty, as the vessels are mainly small, with fine bodies and fine glazes.
Many hexagonal, octagonal and other shapes.
The official kiln wares have two styles: "Made in the Longqing Year of the Ming Dynasty" and "Made in the Longqing Year", but there is no "Made" mark;
Folk kiln wares have the four-character inscription "Made in the Longqing Year" or "Made in the Year";
The auspicious words include Wanfu Youtong, longevity and health, etc. The eulogies include wealth and fine utensils, etc.
In the early Wanli period, Huiqing was used, in the middle and late period, Shiziqing and Zhejiang materials were used, and mostly blue and white were used.
In addition to traditional decorations, brocade ground consecration decorations are also popular;
The decoration layout is dense and the theme is unclear. In addition, it is also common to see the characters "Fu Lu Shou" as the decoration.
Bottles are more commonly used with hollowing out, loose rings and other processes.
In addition to the traditional vessel types, wall bottles have also appeared recently.
The texture of the fetus is relatively thick, and the glaze is white with bluish tint.
Most of the inscriptions are "made in the Wanli year of the Ming Dynasty", but also "made in the Wanli year of the Ming Dynasty" and "made in the Wanli year";
There are many fake entrustments, including those from Xuande, Chenghua and Jiajing.
Generally speaking, the level of technology has deteriorated compared with its predecessors.
After Wanli, even at the end of Ming Dynasty, there were two dynasties, Tianqi and Chongzhen.
During this period, due to political turmoil, all industries were in decline, and the ceramic industry was also depressed and deserted.
After the 19th year of the Apocalypse, the imperial court no longer ordered the construction of official kilns.
Therefore, there are very few Apocalypse Year inscriptions, mainly "Daming Qi Nian System", and there are also "Apocalypse Nian System" inscriptions.
There are more and more various types of pictures, hall names, auspicious words, and hymns in folk kiln wares.
Like the exquisite utensils in the jade hall, all blessings are equal;
There were many false entrustments, including those from Yongle, Xuande, Chenghua, Tianshun, Zhengde, Jiajing and other dynasties. Among them, the only one who falsely entrusted Tianshun with money was Tianqi.
The decorations are still mainly traditional ones, but the decorations with Taoist content are less than those in Wanli period, and the painting style is rough.
The decorations in this period are sparse and clear, and the atmosphere of life is heavier.
Thick carcass, rough texture, irregular shape, sand on the bottom of the vessel, collapse of the bottom, and knife marks have become the characteristics of the times.
There are no official vessels in Chongzhen, and there are not many types of vessels. Most of them are bowl-type furnaces.
In addition, there are bowls, cups, bottles, flower cups, etc.
Green materials include stone green, Zhejiang material, etc.
Those with coarse hair tend to be dizzy and scattered, while those with fine hair are stable.
In addition to traditional themes, decorative patterns are particularly common.
The child in the baby play picture has a big head and small feet, and the proportions are not harmonious.
The landscape and figures (Gao Shi Tu), mid-autumn grass, bracketed clouds, small sun, etc. are typical features.
The texture of the fetus is rough, the glaze is white with green flashes, and some are gray.
This kind of porcelain is actually not that good. Even if it is official kiln porcelain, its value should not be high.
However, Chongzhen was the last emperor, not to mention that there was another Chongzhen without official weapons, which allowed some people to see an opportunity.
What can be determined now is that there is almost no mark on the Chongzhen porcelain organ kiln.
However, it is common in folk kilns.
There are some such as Boguzhai, Yusitang, Songshiju, Yuxiangzhai, etc.
In addition, there are also some entrustments from previous dynasties, etc.
In this way, if there is an official Chongzhen official kiln with official money, even if the quality is not very good, its value should be very high.
[To be honest, I have been using the Huanyuan app recently to read and catch up on updates. It allows me to switch between sources and read aloud with many sounds. .huanyuanapp is available for Android and Apple.]
As the saying goes, rarer things are more valuable!
Although there are few official kiln utensils from Chongzhen, there should be some.
According to general reasoning, the official kiln mark should be a two-line, six-character regular script blue and white double circle mark "made in the Chongzhen year of the Ming Dynasty".
The small cup with figures in the collection of the Maritime Museum now belongs to this model.
There are often inscriptions of a certain year of Chongzhen on temple offerings and some carved vessels.
On the bottom of some plates and bowls, there is a seal with the word "福" in cursive script or regular script with the word "福".
There are quite a lot of porcelain like this. Even if it is official porcelain, although there are not many found now, there are still more than a dozen pieces.
Items bearing official funds during the Chongzhen period are rare, but there are still examples such as "Da Ming Chongzhen Year System" and "Chongzhen Ding Chou" (the tenth year of Chongzhen, 1637 AD).
During this period, folk kilns were popular, so there were many inscriptions with hall names, personal names, and auspicious words.
In addition to those mentioned before, there are also "Xiangfengtang", "Made by Mengzhao Mansion in Jiawu Chun", "Wealth and Good Utensils" and so on.
A total of 17 years of the Chongzhen Dynasty were spent in wars.
Therefore, although the production of official kilns did not absolutely stop, in the porcelain industry of this period, official kilns had no status.
The varieties of Chongzhen folk kiln porcelain that can be seen from the handed down products include blue and white and multicolored.
From the late Wanli period through Tianqi, Chongzhen and Shunzhi in the early Qing Dynasty to the early Kangxi period, the export of blue and white from private kilns was particularly prosperous during this period.
Chongzhen blue and white is at a turning point from the late Wanli period to the early Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. It can still be identified based on the available materials.
The blue and white porcelain of the Chongzhen period can be divided into fine ware and coarse ware.
The fine ware is better made, the glaze is still bright although it is green, the blue and white color is less gray and black, and some are quite bright.
The rough tool has the bottom of the foot and is filled with sand.
The bottom of the plate has obvious knife marks, and the blue and white are dark in color.
The bottom glaze of the vessel has orange peel patterns, the bottom glaze is bluish, and the base glaze is less orange-yellow.
There are seams on the cutter, and some of the utensils have sauce openings.
The shapes of utensils include plates, bowls, washbasins, bottles, bowls, jars, pen holders, flower goblets, elephant-leg bottles, candlesticks for temple offerings, incense burners, water purification bowls, etc.