The bases of Kangxi utensils also have strong characteristics of the times.
For example, most cutters have a two-layer base, and most pen holders have a jade base;
In the early stage of the circle foot, it was mostly a sharp "crucian carp back" bottom with beveled sides. After the middle stage, it was basically a rounded "loach back" bottom;
There are many double circle bottoms in the market. This kind of bottom appeared in the late Ming Dynasty and Shunzhi period and became popular until the middle of Kangxi period.
There are various types of invoices. In the early days, stem and branch invoices were mostly used, while regular script was used for annual invoices.
After the mid-term period, various kinds of hall names, pictures and monograms became popular, and became popular in Yongzheng.
Imitation models and fake deposits are also common, especially imitation Jiajing models.
However, the products produced by Kangxi in the third generation of Qing Dynasty can be regarded as high-quality products.
Therefore, no matter what type of Kangxi porcelain, the market value is not low.
Of course, Yongzheng and Qianlong would be even higher.
Especially the porcelain of the Yongzheng period. As mentioned before, Chen Wenzhe also imitated the porcelain of the Yongzheng period.
However, the imitations at that time were mainly single-color glazed porcelain, and Yongzheng blue and white porcelain was not spared.
In fact, the blue and white wares of the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods did not feature much innovation.
There's nothing we can do about it. For five thousand years, not to mention other things, it's just a piece of porcelain, and it has been thoroughly studied by the ancients.
[A book-chasing app recommended to me by an old book friend I have known for ten years, the Changyuan app! It is so easy to use. I rely on it to pass the time while driving and before going to bed by reading and listening to books. You can download it here. huanyuanapp ]
So by the Ming Dynasty, it was already difficult to introduce new things from the old.
If you want to make good porcelain during this period, you also need to imitate it!
It's just that these official kiln porcelains are imitations of the official kilns of the previous generation.
As a result, the porcelain of the Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties still mostly imitated the Yongle and Xuande Suma Liqing of the Ming Dynasty.
However, there were no imported materials during the Yongzheng period, and the end points of the pens were characterized by rust stains.
Next is the imitating Cheng-style Dan-drawing blue and white. In addition to being different from the Ming Dynasty utensils in terms of body, glaze, green material, etc., the shape of the utensil is also an important point of difference.
The tire interface of the bright device is connected up and down, and the tire interface of the cleaning device is connected front and back.
During the Yongzheng period, the craftsmanship was exquisite and tire repair was exquisite, while the folk kiln wares were rough and had wheel tire marks.
During the Qianlong period, especially the later craftsmanship, began to decline.
In addition to the varieties inherited from the previous dynasty, there are also innovative varieties such as blue and white exquisite porcelain.
Of course, to be precise, it is not innovative, but the production quality is definitely the best.
Jingzhen blue and white exquisite porcelain is a treasure in the porcelain making process.
Linglong porcelain is also called "rice flower", Neon people call it "rice flower", and Westerners call it "glass-embedded porcelain".
Seriously speaking, this was created and developed on the basis of hollowing out craftsmanship during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, and has a history of more than 500 years.
The porcelain worker uses a razor blade to carve out dots of rice grains on the blank, so it is called "Mitong", also known as exquisite eyes.
After being hollowed out and carved, it is filled with exquisite glaze, decorated with blue and white flowers, and then fired in the kiln.
The characteristics of this exquisite blue and white porcelain are very obvious, that is, it is smart, clear and transparent, making it particularly elegant and clean.
Blue and White Linglong is a product that skillfully combines Blue and White and Linglong in craftsmanship and artistic treatment.
The exquisite green and transparent flowers and the elegant green flowers set off each other.
The glaze is white and bluish-green, the material color is verdant, exquisite green and transparent, there are glazes in the glaze, flowers in the flowers, the combination is perfect.
It uses the engraving technique to first carve out a number of exquisite eyes of a certain shape on the porcelain body.
Then use special exquisite glaze to fill in the eyes.
Then it is painted with blue and white, glazed and fired at high temperature.
The exquisite blue and white flowers give people a fresh and lively feeling due to their exquisite, quiet, elegant, delicate, simple and generous artistic features, and are highly praised by people.
The production of this exquisite porcelain stems from product defects.
In the Song Dynasty, Jingzhen porcelain had a product called a fumigator, and the lid of the furnace was decorated with hollows.
Perhaps by accident, during the firing process of the fumigation furnace, due to the high temperature fluidity of the glaze and the lax control of the firing temperature, the temperature in the kiln was too high, causing the glaze to melt and flow, and the furnace cover was
The holes in it are filled up, and when exposed to the light after leaving the kiln, it will be bright and transparent.
This accidental product defect greatly inspired the craftsmen, and finally succeeded in firing crystal clear and exquisite porcelain during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty.
By the Chenghua period of the mid-Ming Dynasty, Jingzhen was not only able to produce exquisite porcelain in batches, but also combined the crystal clear exquisiteness with the green and elegant blue and white to form ingenious patterns, and fired the world-famous blue and white exquisite porcelain, which became the name of Jingzhen
A generation famous product in porcelain.
In modern times, exquisite blue and white porcelain is mainly concentrated on tableware, tea sets and other daily-use porcelain.
In terms of creative ceramics, Jingzhen ceramic artists have also used exquisite porcelain as blue and white porcelain jewelry.
The exquisite blue and white porcelain combined with modern beauty is the characteristic of Jingzhen creative ceramics.
As for the Qianlong period, it can only be said that blue and white exquisite porcelain was carried forward.
Xu Zhiheng's "Yin Liu Zhai Talks about Porcelain" records: "Base porcelain is very thin. When the pattern is withered and the cyan is reflected, it is called shadow blue porcelain, while the porcelain that is transparent on both sides is called exquisite porcelain."
In fact, carving on porcelain appeared as early as the Neolithic Age, and initially only simple patterns were carved.
It was not until the Song Dynasty that kiln workers created exquisite porcelain when they were firing incense burners.
From then on, this kind of porcelain was spread and finally developed steadily during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty.
During the Longqing and Wanli periods, exquisite porcelain became popular.
By the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, porcelain workers cleverly combined blue and white porcelain with exquisite porcelain, forming blue and white exquisite porcelain.
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the imperial kiln factory also had imitation firing.
The main utensils include exquisite stoves, exquisite covered bowls, exquisite pen holders and exquisite incense boxes.
One of the representative works is the exquisite blue and white porcelain covered bowl from the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the exquisite blue and white porcelain reached its peak.
There are many reasons for this. First of all, Emperor Qianlong highly praised the porcelain of the previous dynasties.
According to some experts, the reason why the Qianlong Imperial Kiln Factory produced blue and white exquisite porcelain was to imitate the Yongle exquisite porcelain.
Second, the perfection of porcelain making during the Qianlong period promoted the exquisite blue and white porcelain craftsmanship to perfection.
Beginning in the mid-Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, the Jingzhen Royal Kiln Factory was officially restored.
The arrival of Tang Ying during the Yongzheng period made the imperial kiln's craftsmanship more sophisticated.
During the Qianlong period, Tang Ying officially took over as the pottery supervisor.
Since then, my country's porcelain industry has entered a highly developed period, with continuous improvement in both craftsmanship and art.
Finally, the Qianlong blue and white exquisite porcelain was widely favored by Western princes and nobles because of its exceptionally fine production and beautiful appearance.
As a result, it has become one of the important export varieties. Stimulated by export, the production of blue and white exquisite porcelain has become even more prosperous.
After the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, with the decline of national strength and porcelain-making technology, exquisite blue and white porcelain also began to show a certain downward trend.
But overall, it still has a large domestic and foreign market, and its products are increasingly geared towards daily use.
Therefore, if we want to carry it forward, we must look at the contemporary era.
Today's exquisite blue and white porcelain art is developing faster.
In the early 1990s, the annual output reached approximately 29 million pieces, making exquisite blue and white porcelain famous throughout the world.
In addition, Jingzhen Hongqi Porcelain Factory, Hongguang Porcelain Factory, and Art Porcelain Factory also produced large quantities of exquisite blue and white porcelain.