Chapter 1589: Overseas Competition for Ming Yuan Dishe
The most famous cup is the cup made by Wu Haojiu, a native of Fuliang Jingzhen during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty.
Then there are thin-bodied cups, that is, the porcelain body of the cup is very thin, almost not as thin as the fetal bone.
The famous egg-curtain cup of the Ming Dynasty has almost no fetal bones.
The thin-tied cups from the Yongle and Chenghua periods of the Ming Dynasty have high technological achievements.
Thin cups were also made in the Qing Dynasty, with the utensils from the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties being the most classic and with the most outstanding craftsmanship.
In addition to these three types, there are some that are more famous.
For example, the Jiuling cup is a cup used by ancient people to have fun when drinking.
Drinking cups appeared as early as the Song Dynasty, and have been produced ever since. In the Qing Dynasty, drinking cups were mostly blue and white, multicolored, plain three-color and other varieties.
As the name suggests, the Jiuling Cup is used for drinking, and it is inseparable from wine.
The earliest word for wine was written as "酉", which was the pictogram of the wine vessel.
"In the shape of a statue, there is wine in it", indicating that wine vessels and wine come together.
The earliest drinking vessels were made of pottery.
During the Longshan Culture period around 1500 BC, black pottery appeared in the present-day Nanhe and Qilu areas.
Wine vessels for different purposes, such as bottles, cups, cans, etc.
Among the ancient ceramics unearthed, wine vessels account for a large proportion.
These ceramic wine vessels are made with exquisite craftsmanship and have now become precious works of art.
For example, in the exhibition room of the Luzhou Museum in the wine city, there is a pre-Qin pottery drinking horn cup unearthed locally more than 2,000 years ago. It is specially used for banquet guests.
Obviously this is a kind of horn cup from ancient my country, which is a horn-shaped cup.
However, our country's angular cups do not have a hole in the bottom, and drinking is done from the mouth of the cup.
As early as the late Neolithic Age, there were pottery angular cups.
By the Shang Dynasty, wine vessels based on ox horns (or rhinoceros horns) evolved into ritual vessels, called "啕[si]觥[gong]".
What he was making this time was not a horn cup, so the first thing Chen Wenzhe made was a Northern Song Dynasty Jun kiln azure glaze wine cup.
This cup is 9.5 centimeters in diameter. It has a unique shape and a novel concept. It is a drinking vessel of the Song Dynasty.
There is a human figure standing inside the cup, which is slightly like a tumbler. It is covered by a porcelain cover with a round hole in the middle, just enough to expose the top. When the cup is filled with wine, the human figure will emerge, but not when there is no wine.
The human figure in the cup symbolizes the person who executes the drinking order. When pouring the wine, the drinker is determined based on the direction the human figure faces.
In addition, the Hu Jian Provincial Museum also collects a special drinking cup, which is an octagonal drinking cup from Dehua kiln in the Ming Dynasty.
It integrates art, technology and practicality. With its beautiful shape and ingenious design, it is not only a practical wine set, but also an exquisite handicraft.
The cup is 3.8 centimeters high and 7.8 centimeters in diameter. It is octagonal in shape. There is an upright porcelain old man on the inner bottom of the cup. His eyes are slightly closed and his robe is open and his abdomen is exposed.
The lines of the sculpture are concise, and the clothes and robes are lifelike with just a few strokes.
This is a "fair cup". Chen Wenzhe has made this a lot, and now it feels natural and familiar to him.
Although it is a fair cup, it is also a drinking cup.
Yu Dunpei's "Jiu Ling Zhong Chao" in the Qing Dynasty recorded various drinking banquets for nobles and officials. It was especially popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The loser was punished by drinking one to several cups. In order to avoid the suspicion of too much wine in the cup and too little wine, Pingxin Cup
It came into being.
This octagonal wine cup is handed down from generation to generation. The only way to judge its age and place of origin is from the shape of its glaze.
The porcelain clay from Dehua kilns in the Ming Dynasty was ground extremely fine and rinsed very clean.
Porcelain clay contains high amounts of silica, etc. After firing, the body is dense and fine, with good light transmittance and a jade-like texture, smooth but not greasy, moist but not lusty.
Therefore, the glaze color of Dehua kiln is completely different from that of other porcelain kilns of the same period. The color is smooth and slightly reddish under light.
Here is what was mentioned before, the effect is similar to the characteristics of Macang soil.
This coloring is also recorded in historical records.
For example, "Hu Jiantong Zhi" and "Fujian Production Record" say: "All white porcelain, Buddha statues made in old kilns before Shunzhi, are exquisite and elegant, their color is pure white, reflecting pink, and their prices are high today."
The glaze color and shape of the eight-sided wine cup conform to the above characteristics, and it must be a masterpiece of Dehua kiln in the Ming Dynasty.
From the analysis of the octagonal drinking cup, it can be seen that the production technology of Dehua kiln utensils in the Ming Dynasty was very sophisticated.
The shape of the utensils is thick and plump, and the decoration part pays attention to the rough techniques of folk art, with smooth transitions at the interfaces of stacking, kneading and other parts.
The carcass is delicate and the texture is hard, which are the unique porcelain characteristics of the medium-low temperature material formula of Dehua kiln in the Ming Dynasty.
The glaze layer is uniform, the glaze surface is thick, the glass quality is good, the glaze color is white and bright, and the light transmission and refraction are like grease. This moist and greasy feeling is a unique feature of the glaze surface.
Various types of saggers are used to make the utensils, and the method of side firing or normal firing is generally used. There are traces of sagger sand on the soles of the utensils.
By the Qing Dynasty, there were only a few masters who made teapots and teacups.
For example, Master Chen Mingyuan, whose real name is Yuan, also known as Hefeng, and also known as Shixiashanren and Huyin, was a famous purple sand artist in Yixing during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty.
He was born in a purple sand family and made dozens of kinds of tea sets, all of which were exquisite.
He also pioneered the style of engraving poems and inscriptions on the pot body, and used both inscriptions and seals for signatures.
His style is elegant and has the style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His works are famous both at home and abroad. At that time, there was a saying that "overseas competition for Mingyuan Dishes" was said.
Chen is also good at making flower products, and in the design of the teapot shape, he strives to create a Ming Mo rib pattern.
He mostly made pots based on natural shapes and became the master of today's "flower teapot". He also promoted the rise of flower teapots and became an important shape of purple clay teapots.
In addition, Chen also tried to expand the scope and extension of purple sand modeling to include bronze vessels and elegant study objects.
Such as pen holders, bottles, washers, tripods, jues, etc., have greatly improved the artistic and cultural value of Zisha, and made outstanding contributions to the development history of Zisha pottery.
Among the wine cups, the peach-shaped wine cup made by Chen Mingyuan in the early Qing Dynasty is one of the best.
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Chen Mingyuan's peach-shaped wine cup is naturally interesting.
Using sections of mud as the body, the outer wall of the peach body is dotted with red mud at the peach tip. It is tender and dripping, conforms to the natural texture, and is naturally interesting.
He vividly expresses the vividness of the peach, just like the real thing.
The inner wall of the cup is smooth and flat, with an ingenious sculpture of a longevity man standing in the center.
Shou Weng has a high forehead, a flowing beard, and his right hand behind his back.
He is holding a fairy peach in his left hand and is wearing a fairy robe, the hem of which moves with the wind. His fairy spirit is so outstanding that he seems to be able to control the wind.
Shouweng is one of the three stars of good fortune, wealth and longevity. The figure of Shouweng in this cup is exquisitely sculptured. It cleverly combines the natural half-peach scene with the shape of Shouweng, which means auspiciousness.
The drinking cup is a vessel used to promote wine during banquets. This Chen Mingyuan-made vessel is innovative on the basis of tradition and can be described as unique and ingenious.
my country's ancient handicrafts are a huge treasure house.
For example, Chen Wenzhe's Yi Niantang can feed countless people just by making tea cups.
Don't look at a small tea cup. There are too many varieties throughout the ages.
In this way, there are too many treasures for Chen Wenzhe and his factory to excavate.