At present, four kilns that fired Tang Sancai have been found in China. In addition to Xing Kiln, there are also Huangye Kiln in Gongyi City, Nanhe Province, Huangyaobao Kiln in Tc City, Western Shaanxi Province, and Chang'an Suburban Airport Kiln.
Compared with the other three kilns, Xing Kiln Tang Sancai uses local kaolin as the tire material. The tire texture is generally denser. After bisque firing, the body is hard. Some products are close to porcelain. The tire color is mostly yellowish brown or red.
In order to make up for this defect, Xing kiln craftsmen often apply a layer of white cosmetic clay on the blank before firing it.
Thin body and even glaze are the most important features of Xing kiln Tang Sancai, and the body and glaze are closely connected.
It is a low-temperature glaze but rarely has flaking, which is an important factor that distinguishes it from similar products from other kilns.
The glaze color of Xing kiln is bright, blendable and fluid; the glaze surface is bright and even, with a glass texture.
The objects fired in this way have simple and elegant shapes, full and smooth lines, and are neatly and meticulously made.
Especially Xing kiln white porcelain, the glaze is silvery white and quiet, giving people a graceful, full, dignified and generous aesthetic feeling.
The glaze colors of Xing kiln porcelain include white, green, black and brown-yellow.
White porcelain can be divided into two categories: coarse and fine according to the texture of its body and glaze.
A type of white porcelain rough tire is gray in color and rough in texture;
Thin fetuses have a dense carcass and a bluish color, but are still not white enough, so a layer of white makeup soil is often applied.
The glaze of coarse white porcelain is thin, and some have fine flakes. The glaze color is gray white or milky white, and some are yellowish white.
The output of coarse white porcelain is large. During the production process, neither kneading nor aging is sufficient, and the white porcelain often turns yellow.
By the fifth generation, the technological level of some products had improved. There were few sand inclusions in the pores in the carcass, and the phenomenon of undercooking had been basically overcome, and they gradually became more delicate.
The body color of fine white porcelain is pure white, and some of the white and yellow glazes are very fine, with tiny brown eyes in the glaze layer.
Most of the utensils are covered with glaze, and the glaze color is pure white or white with a slight bluish tint.
White glazes are divided into thicknesses, with thick ones being the majority and fine ones accounting for the minority.
Every step of the processing technology of fine white porcelain is very particular, and the whiteness is very high after firing.
The fine white porcelain of Xing kiln is fired with high-quality porcelain clay. The texture is solid and delicate, the color of the porcelain is as white as snow, the glaze is shiny and moist, some are as thin as eggshells, and the transparency is very good.
Generally, the utensils are pure white and bright, while some are white with a slight bluish tint.
Xing kiln uses magnesium glaze, which has high viscosity at high temperatures, making the glaze surface smooth and smooth with good gloss.
However, the glaze color is milky and opaque, and the glaze color is stable, mostly white or white with bluish tones.
This allows the opalescent glaze to have good covering properties for the carcass. The utensils are glazed to the bottom, and those of high quality are also glazed to the center of the feet.
At that time, the glaze configuration of Ding kiln products was unstable, and the glaze was divided into two types: thick and thin, both of which were not smooth enough and had poor gloss.
Xing kiln white glazed porcelain includes plates, bowls, cups, holders, bottles, pots, cans and jars, etc.
Most of the surfaces were plain without decoration. After the mid-Tang Dynasty, especially the late Tang and Five Dynasties, decorative methods such as sculpture, pasting, printing, carving, edge pressing, ridges, and flower mouths also appeared in Xing kiln wares.
Xing kiln porcelain with a base mark is fine white porcelain and is an official or royal product.
The characteristic is that the bottom of the porcelain is engraved with "ying", "hanlin" or "hanlin" in ink.
The bottom is engraved with the inscription "Hanlin", which is a porcelain ordered by the Hanlin Academy in the Tang Dynasty to be fired at the Xing Kiln.
In modern times, it is common to have it engraved on the jar. It cannot be ruled out that the bowl does not have the word "Hanlin" on it;
The utensils engraved with the word "ying" are porcelains ordered to be fired in the Xing kiln by Dayingku in the Tang Dynasty.
The word "ying" is the abbreviation of the large surplus treasury in the Tang Dynasty (royal private treasury). It is a tribute and can only be used by the royal family. Outsiders cannot use it at will, except for rewards.
The word "ying" is often found on the white glaze bowls of Xing kiln. It cannot be ruled out that there is no word "ying" on the jars, but there are fewer unearthed ones.
There are still a lot of porcelain and kiln furniture fragments unearthed from the Xing Kiln site, reaching more than 200,000 pieces (pieces).
There are more than 2,000 complete and recoverable artifacts.
The types of utensils include bricks, tiles, pottery, plain-fired ware, three-color ware, porcelain, bronze ware, iron ware, bone ware and kiln furniture, etc.
Rich in types and different shapes.
I have made ten rare pieces of Chinese national treasure porcelain before, including a baby pillow and a double-gourd pattern bottle.
The Xing kiln three-color rabbit-shaped pillow is not a child's pillow, but it is also a porcelain pillow and a pictographic porcelain. It is not much different from a child's pillow.
The three-color lying rabbit pillow is one of the three-color three-color paintings of the Tang Dynasty that has the characteristics of Xing kiln. Its shape is vivid and unique, and its craftsmanship is exquisite. The same shape has not yet been seen in other kilns.
The rabbit is plump and round, lying prone on an oval seat with its eyes open. Its back is an oval pillow, with lotus flowers carved on it and glazes in blue, green and brown colors.
Among them, the blue glaze is extremely unique and rare, making it a rare Tang Sancai treasure.
Such Tang Sancai is both beautiful and precious.
Especially since rabbits are so cute, it would be too easy to generate financial benefits.
It is no wonder that since the discovery of Tang Sancai, this kind of work has been sought after by Westerners.
Tang Sancai, with its bright colors and vivid shapes, will be liked by everyone as long as they don’t want it to be buried with the underworld.
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To make a rabbit-shaped pillow, in addition to mixing the glaze, the second step is to look at the craftsmanship.
Chen Wenzhe was too confident about this, so he easily made a cute rabbit.
The next step is glazing. Many people definitely don’t know how to apply glaze on Tang Sancai.
To apply glaze, you first need to prepare the glaze.
The reason why Tang Sancai is famous is mainly because of its glaze color craftsmanship.
The first step is to prepare the glaze. The glaze used for making tricolor in the Tang Dynasty was mainly metal oxide.
Craftsmen smash lead, iron, copper and other metals into thin slices, put them into iron pots and heat and oxidize them.
After taking out the oxide, grind it, screen it, rinse it with water, use the finest powder, add quartz powder according to the proportion, and mix it with water.
The main components of tricolor glaze are silicate, lead oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide and other raw materials.
Can be formulated into white, yellow, green, brown, blue, black, etc.
With careful blending, you can create: emerald green, dark green, light green, dark green, yellow, tawny, sky blue, navy blue, maroon, brown and other glaze colors. Experts will definitely be able to "make whatever they want".
For example, among the living utensils, there are three-color rhombus-shaped jars with lids in Tang Dynasty. The body of the jar is covered with a brown-yellow glaze and a rhombus pattern composed of continuous white dots.
Inside, there are interlaced patterns of yellow and white glaze flowers on blue glaze, and blue and white glaze flowers on green glaze.
After baking, coupled with the natural flow of the glaze, it presents a colorful artistic effect.
There are many glazing methods for Tang Sancai, which vary from time to time, place to place, and vessel to vessel.
But generally it can be summarized into the regional glazing method, the spot dyeing and color-melting method and the color-added and gilding method.
The zonal glazing method is like combining several pieces of single-color ware, but it is different from single-color glazing.
Because several glaze colors are applied to one vessel at the same time, the combination and blending of glaze colors creates a whole new realm.
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Please remember the domain name of this book:.The Moral Record of the Mortician